PAGE SIX MT. VERNON SIGNAL Thursday, March 1, 1951

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By WALTER A. SIIEAD

WASHINGTON. D.C. - With an 1 enemy which places no value what-J ever upon the Uvea of Individual!, I which has no moral scruples as I we know them, an atomic bomb Is not the only peril faced by the American people In an all-out war with Russia.

J Biological warfare against people | and against animals is one of these perils. This sort of warfare which can spread a wide variety of dis-ease Including a number of viruses, rickettlsae, bacetria. fungi, proto-zoa and soluble toxins, may be

' waged from within by sabotage, or from without by enemy planes and can be disseminated through a variety of media, chief of which are food, air and water, Iliese In-fectious diseases taken in by hu-mans through inhalation, absorp-tion through the skin or by food, could be disseminated by aerial bombs and other munitions, by re-lease of Infective aerosols from planes or from ground devlcei, taking advantage of favorable winds, or by release In ventilating systems of large auditoriums. Par-ticularly effectlVe is contamination of water sources.

In addition to humans, biological warfare against animals can be effective since meat, dftiry, and poultry products are an. Important source of diet for both military and civilian personneL Production of wool and leather, might be cur-tailed and important blologicals and pharmaceuticals such as ad-renalin, liver extract and insulin, entirely dependent upon animal glands and organs, could be cut off.

Such animal diseases as foot-and-mcith d '^ane, r^aderpext, fowl pest and foreign types of Newcastle disease appear to have greater pos-sibilities for damage In this coun-try.

oN„

E3SCI By INEZ GERHARD MARCH 4 "Theatre Guild

on the Air" plans to do a full hour-and-a-half hour broadcast of "Hamlet", which will certainly be heard bjs. the large#! audi-ence tfesi- has ever besrd IV since Shakespeare wrote the play cen-turies ago. It will come from the stage of the-Belasco Theatre in New York and will be heard over the full NBC network. Stars will be Dorothy McGuire of the movies and Pamela Brown and John Glelgud of the theatre, both now appearing In one of the season's WW. "The Lady's Not for Burning". "Hamlet" was modernized for GI's during the war. and the broadcast will follow along thpt line.

Irene Vernon, whose latest pic-ture Is "Sound of Fury" (a Robert Stillman production for United Artists), is one of the four Judges who will hand out 15 savings bonds to the winners of the Num-Zlt baby beauty contest It's open to Infants from 6 '-5 months to 2tt years old. from March 1 to June 1. Entry blanks available at all drugstores.

Then there is biological warfare against crops in the spread of in-sect pests and plant diseases which constitute a threat to our food sup-ply. It would be comparatively easy for low flying planes to spread such crop and animal diseases across the' vast stretches of the country's great plains where wheat, oats and the meat animals are raised and where population is comparatively meager. The depart-ment of agriculture knows about many of these foreign pests such as Japanese beetle, European corn borer, Mediterranean fruit Qy,'cit-rus canker and other pests. Our most successful method of keeping down losses is development of strains resistant to specific dis-eases, which takes time. But It la likely that new organisms which present crop varieties cannot re-sist, may be Introduced, even in peace time, and herblcidal chem-icals might be disseminated open-ly over these vast crop areas where hostile planes might gain access.

OF COURSE CONSTANT vigil-ance. before-hand knowledge how to detect the effect of biological warfare on both humans and ani-mals, the proper method of fighting the effects, and bow state, towns, cities, and counties can be organ-lied to fight these perils is a func-tion of the civil defense adminis-tration. Probably one of the most insidious and dangerous methods of chemical warfare la the dis-semination of so-called nerve gases, developed in Germany during World War H. These nerve gases toxic than any . previously known war gases and are nearly colorless and odorless. They are il/pitd. which yield toxic vapors when they evaporate and are laid down near the ground. These gases cut off breathing and blood circulation. Action is prompt and lethal and in-halation for a few seconds may cause death. Exposure to mild traces of the vapor causes bron-chial restriction with difficulty in breathing, coughing and a water discharge of the nose. A slightly greater exposure Induces painful constriction of eye muscles, ter-rific pain back of the eye-balls. Larger doses cause rapid and se-vere broncho-spasms, preventing both inhalation and exhalation. The victim becomes confused a n d cyanotic, may have nausea and vomiting and falls unconscious. The blood pressure falls, heart beat is slowed and may or" may not start again. "The U.S. public health service

has worked out b^fJmegU for all these. inhuman forms of modern warfare in the biological and chem-ical field. The point is In learning how to combat it; what treatments to give In emergencies and In the long pull for recovery; to pile up stocks of the right kind of medi-cines. particularly atrophlne and trldlone, plenty of gas masks, pro-tective clothing; how to prevent contamination, hospitalization and a dozen other necessities in case of sucb an attack.

Doctors and veterinarians must take special courses in how to com-bat the effects and this profession-al manpower must co'me from the private ranks. Therefore full co-operation of the various state, county and local medical and re-lated professional groups Is essen-tlaL Be ready to volunteer.

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up should think the kid

would use the gun intentionly. but scared and cold as he was his hand

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tried this!" Otto was asking me kid with the dirty handkerchief

footed by this teen-age badman. Otto was standing behind the

counter, his hands resting easily on its scarred top. I couldn't figure it, but he waa half smiling at the wild-eyed, boyish face that was half covered with a dirty white hand-kerchief.

"Sure, Son," Otto, was saying, " I H give you the money, after I fix >ou ar bite to eat."

Tie kid's eyes lit up for a mo-ment, then he frowned and said, "You're trying to trick me into taking off the mask."

Otto shook his head slQWly. "I'll put' some sandwiches in a sack so you can take them with you." He turned his back on the kid and went to work at the sandwich board.

They seemed to have forgotten me. so I started edging around be-hind the youngster. I figured that was why Otto was stalling, but 1 had moved only a few inches when he stopped me.

"Take it easy, Joe. you're apt to ruin his appetite."

At these words from Otto, the kid spun around. I was staring at Otto, trying to figure out what in the world he had In mind. There wasn't any writing on the back of Otto's neck, and it was too deep for me, so

GRASSROOTS

Let's Hope Economists Figured Income Accurately By Wright A. Patterson

WHAT PERCENTAGE of each dollar we earn during the next

fiscal year, beginning July 1, 1951, does the President ask congress to take away from us as federal taxes to pay for rearmament and the expenses of' the government? That Is an important question to each American.

The President asks for a tax that will produce a total of $71 billion. Hiat Is the highest total amount the nation has ever been asked to pay. but the President estimates that the total earnings of Americans for the next fiscal year will be not less than $240 billion, and of that

unt we will pay out of each dollft- we earn 25.9 cents. As a tax, that is mild compared with what

were charged in 1945, when the government took 52.42 out of each of our earned dollars, and at' that

rere a long, long way from pay-ing the war cost of that year, and added more than 70 billions to our national debt.

Now the President Is Insisting that we pay the cost of rearm- . amen! as we go, and not In-crease the national indebted-ness, and he figures a tax of 2S.9, or less than 3# centa out of each earned dollar will ac-complish that resalt. What the total may be depends

entirely on the total of the national Income, the earnings of Americans as Individuals, corporations, stock-holders or bond holders, fsrmers. If the President is right in his es-timate of a national income of 8240

billion that 25.9 cents out of each dollar will produce the $71 billion he ssys must be raised. It all de-pends on what we, collectively, earn during the next fiscal year.

The President presented to con-gress a statement of what percent-age of "each earned dollar hid been paid to the government as taxes in other years: in 1939 we paid as taxes 12-8 cents out of each earned dollar; in 1945 It was 52.42; in 1948 It'was 18; in 1949, 17.9; in 1950, 18.3; in 1951. 18.7.

Except for the year 1949, the lax rate on each earned dollar has not flnctnated as radically aa we have thought, bat the number of dollars we have earned, the total of the nation-al annual Income has fluc-tuated greatly If the Presi-dent's figures are correct, and his figure for the next fiscal year is estimated at the high point of 5240 billion. Let us hope we make it, and If we do we can easily afford to pay the 25.9 out of each of those dol-lars, keep the nation ont of the red, and still pay the rearm-ament bills. • • The President gave to congress

some idea as to who..would pay the additional taxes. He would collect 35 per cent of it from individuals, that Is, from workers, farmers, professional people and merchants, twenty-seven' per cent from cor-porations, 11 per cent from addition-al excise taxes, and four per cent from customs. He $Ud. not say, but ha undoubtedly knows, that the 27

per cent collected from corpora-tions, will be paid by the custom-ers. The corporations will add that 27 per cent to the price of their products, and the purchaser of their products win do the paying.

The President also offered a chart showing for what he proposed to spend the (71.000,000,000 (tax dollars) he was demanding. Fifty eight cents of each doll*r would go to rearmament; 17 cents to the normal expense of the .government; 10 cents to meet our international obligations; eight cents for inter-est on our national debt; seven cents to the veterans administration.

It can all work out that way, provided congress passes the needed tax legislation and the President's advisers are suffi-ciently good at their economics to not overestimate the natlon-

"al Income for the year begin-ning next July 1. If that esti-mated national Income is more dollars than we Americans re-ceive, the President win oot have as many dollars to spend as he wants. The President has Intimated that

in addition to the $71 billion he wants for next year, he may ask congress for another $2,700,000,000 with which to balance the expendi-tures for this year, so as not—to haye to add that to the national debL If those economists nave over-guessed the amount of our an-nual earnings, we may have an-other tax Increase in 1952 ,

The above is the tax picture the President painted.

J "hooted a* stop!" with my toe JLDA pulled it out where I could sit down and still see what was going OIL

Otto turned around with a hamburger in his hand. He reached acrosa the counter and handed It to me. "Maybe this will keep you ont of mischief for a while," he aj

After all, be was the one getting robbed, so I decided X might as well go along with whatever he was trying to do. All I stood to lose was maybe my Job.

"This the first time you've tried this?". Otto was ssking the kid.

The kid's head nodded quickly, then_.be frowned and said. "What difference does It make? Hurry up with those hamburgers."

I was checking the kid's descrip-tion again to see if there waa

anything I had missed. He hsd brown eyes and waa waving a Luger pistol at us. His hair. If any, was hidden under an old cap pulled down ..over his ears. I wss still trying'to figure out how much slsck there was In the bulky overalls when Otto dumped the cash drawer out on top of tlie counter.

He counted tile money Into a paper sack and placed it a couple of feet from the sack of hamburg-ers. "Thirty dollars," he said to the kid. "not much pay, for the chance you're taking."

The kid reached out and scooped the two sages togeher, using both bands. His right hand with the Luger came to rest a few inches from Otto's stomachr Otto slammed a huge band down over the kid's hand and gun. clamping them to the counter.

I started to yell at Otto. If that gun went off. be wouldn't have a chance.

"Take It easy, both of you," he told me and the squirming kid. "That gun Isn't loaded." To me he said, "I 'm surprised you couldn't tell by looking at (he extractor." I didn't have any answer for that. "That thirty dollars is yotlr next

two weeks wages," -Otto told the kid. "and you can faave all you want to e a t " He slipped the gun out of the kid's fist and placed it out of sight under the counter.

The kid was still scared. "Aren't you going to tell the cops?"

Otto grinned and pointed at me. "That's them. Son;"

The kid paled and wilted. That took all the fight out of him

stared at the kid for t minute,' then stood up and beaded for the door. "Time to make my rounds."

said, "Otto, you should hire some young fellow to help out in here, you're getting too old to do It all yourself." '

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