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8/7/2019 hypertension revised
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HYPERTENSION
PRESENTED BY:GROUP B
Second Year Nursing StudentsRichelle Anne B. Correa, RN
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What is Hypertension?
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- is a sustained systolic blood pressure of 140mmHg or more and sustained Diastolic Blood
Pressure of 90 mmHg or more in at least 2 visits at
1 week interval. (JNC 7)
Often called the SILENT KILLER that usuallycauses no symptoms until it reaches a life-
threatening stage.
hypertension
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PRIMARYAlso called essential and Idiopathic
Hypertension
The cause is unknownSECONDARY
Caused by primary diseases such as renal
disease.
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CLASSIFICATION OF
HYPERTENSION
Category Systolic
(mmHg)
Diastolic
(mmHg)
Normal
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SYMPTOMS OFHYPERTENSION
May be asymptomaticCommon symptoms1. Headache2. Morning headache3. Dizziness
4. Nausea/ Vomiting5. Shortness of breath6. Chest pain7. Heart palpitation8. Nuchal pain
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1. Anxiety
2. Nose bleeds3. Fatigue4. General feeling ofunwellness
5. Changes in vision6. Blurred vision7. Double vision8. Increase sweating
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9. Tinnitus10. Confusion
11. Convulsion12. Papilloedema13. Flushed face14. Pale skin
15. Red skin
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Risk factors:
FAMILY
HISTORY
People withpositive familyhistory ofhypertension are
twice at risk thanthose with nohistory.
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OBESITY
Risk for hypertension is two times greater amongoverweight /obese compared to people of normal
weight and three times more than that of underweight
persons
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EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL
INTAKERegular consumption of three or more
drinks per day increased risk of
hypertension.
Systolic pressures were more markedlyaffected than diastolic pressures.
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Smoking
Cigarette smoking elevates the blood pressure level
by 5 to 10 mm Hg during the day. The first cigaretteof the day has this particular effect on the smoker's
body. It has been found by a study that cigarette
smoking increases the systolic blood pressure count
by at least 20 mm Hg
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prevention
1. Shed those extra
pounds and
move a little
Brisk walking for30 to 45 minutes
three times eachweek.
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a. Remove the saltshaker from the table
b. Cut back on snacks
c. Read the label on every type of food you buy.
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Encourage regularcheck ups to those
person who are at
risk.
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Treatment
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Thiazide diuretics. Diuretics,
sometimes called "water pills," are
medications that act on your kidneys
to help your body eliminate sodium
and water, reducing blood volume.
Beta blockers. These medications
reduce the workload on your heart
and open your blood vessels,
causing your heart to beat slower
and with less force.
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Calcium channel blockers. These medications help relax
the muscles of your blood vessels. Some slow your heart
rate. A word of caution for grapefruit lovers, though.
Grapefruit juice interacts with some calcium channelblockers, increasing blood levels of the medication and
putting you at higher risk of side effects.
Renin inhibitors. Aliskiren (Tekturna) slows down the
production of renin, an enzyme produced by your kidneys that
starts a chain of chemical steps that increases blood pressure.
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Alpha blockers. These medicationsreduce nerve impulses to blood
vessels, reducing the effects of
natural chemicals that narrow blood
vessels.
Alpha-beta blockers. In addition to
reducing nerve impulses to blood
vessels, alpha-beta blockers slowthe heartbeat to reduce the amount
of blood that must be pumped
through the vessels.
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