Hypertension (5)

7/30/2019 Hypertension (5)

1/25

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation

Hypertension


2/25

Hypertension

What is Blood Pressure? Pressure created by the heart as it pumps

blood through the arteries and the circulatorysystem

What do Blood Pressure NumbersMean?

Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart isbeating

Bottom number (Diastolic)= Pressure whileheart is resting between beats

Lifestyles, fitness

and rehabilitation


3/25

Hypertension

Normal Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure of < 140/ 90 Blood Pressure of 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 should

be closely watched

High Blood Pressure Blood Pressure > 140/ 90

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


4/25

Hypertension

How can I tell if I have High

Blood Pressure? Usually NO SYMPTOMS!

The Silent Killer

May have: Headache

Blurry vision

Chest Pain

Frequent urination at night

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


5/25

Hypertension

Blood Pressure Measurement Sphygmomanometer

Systolic pressure= pressure when 1st sound isheard

Diastolic pressure= pressure when last soundis heard

Blood Pressure Cuff Size Small children and small adults

Average

Large overweight and large adults

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


6/25

American Heart AssociationRecommended Blood Pressure Levels

BPCategory

Systolic(mmHg)

Diastolic(mmHg)

Follow-up

Optimal < 120 and < 80 Recheck

2 years

Normal < 130 and < 85 Recheck 2years

HighNormal

130-139 or 85-89 Recheck 1year

Lifestyles, fitnessAnd Rehabilitation


7/25

American Heart AssociationRecommended Blood Pressure Levels

BPCategory

Systolic(mmHg)

Diastolic(mmHg)

Follow-up

Stage 1(mild HTN) 140-159 or 90-99

Confirm withinmonths

Stage 2

(moderateHTN)

160-179 or 100-109 Evaluate within1 month

Stage 3

(severe HTN)180 or > or 110 or >

Evaluateimmediately

Lifestyles, fitnessAnd Rehabilitation


8/25

Hypertension

What Causes High BloodPressure? Cause unknown in 90 to 95% of cases =

Primary Hypertension

Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10% Kidney Abnormalities

Narrowing of certain arteries

Rare tumors

Adrenal gland abnormalities

Pregnancy

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


9/25

Hypertension

What Causes High Blood

Pressure? Controllable Risk Factors

Increased salt intake

Obesity

Alcohol

Stress

Lack of exercise

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


10/25

Hypertension

What Causes High BloodPressure? Uncontrollable Risk Factors

Heredity

Age

Men between age 35 and 50

Women after menopause

Race

1 out of every 3 African Americans

Higher incidence in non-Hispanic blacks and

Mexican Americans

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


11/25

Hypertension

Women and High Blood Pressure Birth Control Pill Pregnancy

Overweight

After Menopause African Americans

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


12/25

Hypertension

How does High Blood Pressure

develop? Certain nerve impulses cause arteries to

become larger (dilate) or smaller (contract)

If vessels wide open blood flows easily

If vessel narrows pressure insideincreases causing hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


13/25

Hypertension

What does High Blood Pressure do

to my Body? Stroke

Congestive heart failure

Kidney failure

Heart attack

Heart rhythm problems

Aneurysm

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


14/25

Hypertension

What Can I Do? High blood pressure is a lifelong

disease

Blood pressure can be controlled notcured

Controlling blood pressure will reducethe risk of stroke, heart attack, heartfailure and kidney disease

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


15/25

Hypertension

What Can I Do? Loose weight if your overweight Get regular physical activity

Avoid excessive alcohol

Stop smoking Manage your stress

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


16/25

Hypertension

What Can I Do?

Decrease salt intake Eat for heart health

Discuss the use of oral contraceptives

with your doctor Discuss the use of some medications

with your doctor

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


17/25

Hypertension

Ten Commandments for BloodPressure Control Know your blood pressure

Have it checked regularly

Know what your weight should be

Keep it at that level or below

Dont use excessive salt in cooking or

at meals

Avoid salty foods

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation

1

2

3


18/25

Hypertension

Ten Commandments for BloodPressure Control Eat a low-fat diet

According to AHA regulations

Dont smoke cigarettes

Or use tobacco products

Take your medicine exactly asprescribed

Dont run out of pills even for a single day

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation

4

5

6


19/25

Hypertension

Ten Commandments for BloodPressure Control Keep your appointments with the doctor

Follow your doctors advice aboutexercise

Make certain family members have theirblood pressure checked regularly

Live a normal life in every other way!

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation

7

8

9

10


20/25

Hypertension

Medication for High BloodPressure Diuretics

Rid the body of excess fluids and salt

Beta-blockers

Reduce the heart rate and the work of theheart

Calcium antagonists

Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


21/25

Hypertension

Medication for High BloodPressure Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE)

Interfere with the bodies production ofangiotensin, a chemical that causes the

arteries to constrict (narrow) Vasodialators

Cause the muscle in the wall of the bloodvessels to relax, allowing the vessel to

dialate (widen)

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


22/25

Hypertension

Medication for High BloodPressure Sympathetic nerve inhibitors

Sympathetic nerves go from the brain to allparts of the body, including the arteries

Cause arteries to constrict raising bloodpressure

These drugs reduce blood pressure byinhibiting these nerves from constricting

blood vessels

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


23/25

Hypertension

Home Blood PressureMonitoring Mercury sphygmomanometer

Standard for BP monitoring

No calibration

May be bulky Need a second person to use machine

May be difficult for hearing impaired orpatients with arthritis

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


24/25

Hypertension

Home Blood Pressure

Monitoring Aneroid equipment

Inexpensive, lightweight and portable

Two person operation/need stethoscope Delicate mechanism, easily damaged

Needs calibration with mercurysphygmomanometer

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation


25/25

Hypertension

Home Blood PressureMonitoring Automatic equipment

Contained in one unit

Portable with easy-to-read digital display

Expensive, fragile Must be calibrated

Requires careful cuff placement

Lifestyles, Fitness

and Rehabilitation

Documents

Hypertension (5)