hygine survey for safety.ppt

7/27/2019 hygine survey for safety.ppt

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OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENEPRACTICE


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Industrial Hygiene Includes :

Identifying the extent of toxicity(harmfuleffects) of chemical,physical and biologicalagents:

Identifying the extent of employee exposurethrough inhalation,skin absorption oringestion:

Recommending and implementing processcontrols that reduce the exposure to harmful

substances & following safe work practicesincluding use of personal protective devices toguard against the exposure


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Work-Environmental Hazards

Physical Chemical

1. Noise Dust

2.Vibration Gases

3. Illumination Fumes

4. Heat Stress Vapours5. Low temperatures Mists

6. Non- ionizing and ionizing radiation.


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Different Types of Stresses/Hazards

Chemical : Dust ,Gases ,Vapours, Mist,Aerosols ,Fumes

Physical : Noise ,Vibration, Low & High

Temperatures ,Poor Illumination, Pressure,and Non-ionizing & ionizing radiation

Microbiological Stresses-bacteria, virus,fungus ,insects ,parasite, etc

Ergonomic Stresses-awkward posture,improper lifting, pain , illness ,accident due towrong design


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Non occupational Hazards

Air

Water

Food Clothing

Personal Habit

Housing

Climate


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PRINCIPLES OF RISK MANAGEMENT

Anticipation

Identification

Evaluation

Control

Review


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Difference Between IH & OH

IH is aimed at identifying& rectifying causesleading to occupationaldisease

IH deals with controltechniques to reduce oreliminate ill-effects ofenvironmental hazardslike chemical ,physical

,biological ,ergonomichazards on human health

OH/Occu Medicine aimsat identifyingoccupational diseases inthe early stage

OH studies the mode,effects & consequencesof environmental hazardsor stress likechemical,physical,biologi

cal,ergonomic hazards onhuman health


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Difference Between IH & OH( Cont)

IH attempts to eliminateor minimize theexposure ,environmental or work

hazards on human orpublic health byengineeringcontrol,good housekeeping,workplace,environmentalclean & pollution free &hygiene

OH deals with theeffects of exposure thatpenetrates humanhealth,gives medicine to

improve it & by pre-employment &periodical medicalexamination,it strives toanticipate occupationaldiseases & tries forcontinuous health careof workers


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Work Co-ordination betweenIH,SO,MO for the purpose of Safety&Health

The work of IH,SO & MO is reciprocal & useful to each other

IH can measure & report hazards level.He can carry personalmonitoring & report individual exposure.He can assess the needof biological monitoring

SO study the IH report and suggest engineering control

MO can examine the worker for effect of exposure and cancarry biological monitoring & suggest medical control

Work of IH is useful to health physician in drawing conclusionfor occupational diseases

Thus all the three officers co-ordinate the OH work for purposeof Safety & Health


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AIM & Objective Of O H

There are thousands of potentially hazards situationsin our workplaces dealing with thousands ofhazardous substances

Recognizing the hazards,assessing the risks, andcontrolling those risks to an acceptable level willprovide the best economic solution to a healthyworkplace

Occupational Hygiene( O H) really is a system of

workplace management which finds out just whatthe hazards are, evaluates the risk andsubsequently controls them to a level which isconsidered acceptable


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HYGIENIST HAS TO CARRY OUT FOLLOWING STEPS

Monitoring or measure the exposure of

the worker to the hazard.

Compare this exposure with exposure

standards.

Decide whether there is a risk to health

or safety


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What you should know

The hazard

The degree of risk from the exposure.

Various practicable control strategies i.e.elimination,substitution,isolation,ventilation,administration controls, personalprotection.

How much control is required


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What You Should Know( Cont)

Comparative effectiveness of different controlprocedures

The relative costs of implementation

Maintenance & testing methods for controlprocedures

User Acceptability over long periods

Any social impacts of implementing controls(Work force oriented control)


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Anticipation

Anticipation includes prior knowledge ofpossible hazards in industry and their effectson workers health. For this do something in

advance of the event

Know the process(s)

Know the raw material(s)

Know the finished productKnow the properties of raw materials & the

finished products


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Recognition is complication in the followingways

Most health hazards cannot be seen many (Substance) haveno adequate warning smell

Workers do not know what their exposure is

Most employers and employees have little information on

potential health effects.

Exposure mostly do not produce immediate response sohazards are ignored.


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How does the hygienist recognize an occupationalhygiene hazards ?

(A) Direct health indicators

A worker is killed in an acute poisoningincident(Employee complain?)

Workers are becoming ill on the job(Employeecomplain?)

There are biological or radiological signs of work relatedhazards before any symptoms occur

There is increased incidence of particular symptomoccurring amongst certain workers ( Affecting humanhealth & Environment?)

Death certificates show an increased incidence of death

due to a particular cause.


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(B) Using previous experience andinformation already available

Information available on health

hazards in the workplace-libraryinformation

Material safety data sheet (MSDS)

Information available on hazardoussubstance


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(C) Observation or use of specialist expertise

1) The material input e.g Solids may give off dust

Liquid may produce aerosol or vapor

Expert opinion & fumes, gases, dust, etc.

2) Work process generates the hazards fromtoxic materials and creates hazards &Pollution.

3) The pattern of exposure Important to exposure information to identity

potential hazards.


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Evaluation of the hazard consists ofexamining several principal parts

The quantity of the known hazard coming intocontact with the worker ( exposure Acute orChronic)

The likely routes of entry( inhalation, skinabsorption , and ingestion-eating & drinking)

Likelihood of health effects from contact

Rate of which the hazard is generated

Protection offered by existing controls


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Walk through survey include :

Planning

Investigation

EvaluationReporting

Action


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Walkthrough Survey

Process

Number of Workers involved

Materials used or handed

Evidence of reactions and any material

transformation Engineering controls in place

Housekeeping at the process site

Visible conductions at the site(any dust & mists)

Possible routes of entry(inhalation,skin,ingestion)

Personal protective equipment


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Functions Of OccupationalHygienists

Directs the occupational hygiene programme

Examines Work-Environment,Environs

Interprets the data for assessment of thework-environment and environs in terms ofability to impair health, nature of healthimpairment,workers efficiency and community

nuisance and/or damage and present specificconclusions to appropriate interested partiessuch as management and health officials


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Functions Of OccupationalHygienists( Cont)

Determine the need for control measures andrecommends procedures which will besuitable and effective for the environment

and environs. Presents experts testimony before courts of

law, hearing boards,workmens

compensations and legally appointedinvestigative bodies covering all matterspertaining to occupational hygiene


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Functions Of OccupationalHygienists( Cont) Organizes programmes for education of

workers and the public in the prevention ofoccupational disease and community nuisance

Establish or improve threshold limit values orstandards as guides for the maintenance ofhealth and efficiency

Conduct research to advance knowledge of theeffects of occupation upon health and means

of preventing occupational health impairment,community air pollution,noise nuisance andrelated problems

Documents

hygine survey for safety.ppt