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Jerson Kelman
Rio Centro September 25, 2012
Brazilian energy is renewable due to hydro and ethanolgy y(year 2009)
OCDE Countries 8%
Worldwide 13%Worldwide 13%
Brazil 47%
0 20 40 60 80 100Renewable
Non‐renewable
Sources: IEA, EPE
St i th i l t iStorage in the equivalent reservoir
90
100
B i i
60
70
80Beginning 2000 Beginning
2001
40
50
60
10
20
30
0
10
jan/9
jul/97
jan/9
jul/98
jan/99
jul/99
jan/0
jul/0 0
jan/0
jul/0 1
jan/027 7 8 8 9 9 0 0 1 1 2
Hydrological uncertainty
20 % EAR MÁX
00
% EAR MÁX
80
60
40
0
20
Nov/99 Dez/99 Jan/00 Fev/00 Mar/00 Abr/00 Mai/00 Jun/00 Jul/00 Ago/00 Set/00 Out/00 Nov/00 Dez/00
In countries that most of the electricity is generated by hydro plants hydrological uncertainty is a relevant issueplants, hydrological uncertainty is a relevant issue
FutureToday
Time
5
Future water storage depends on present storage, future water inflow and the decision about how much
h l i i ld b b i d b h d l i ithermoelectricity could be substituted by hydroelectricity
Centralized dispatch
In order to take advantage of hydrological diversity, energy is
d h h l ditransported through long distances
Po er plants in the same ri er basin arePower plants in the same river basin are own by different companies
CEMIGRio Grande
CEMIGRio Grande
CEMIGRio Grande
CEMIGRio Grande
CEMIGFURNASAES-TIETÊCESPCDSA
Rio Tietê
CEMIGFURNASAES-TIETÊCESPCDSA
Rio Tietê
CEMIGFURNASAES-TIETÊCESPCDSA
Rio Tietê
CEMIGFURNASAES-TIETÊCESPCDSA
Rio Tietê
CDSAConsórciosCOPELTRACTEBEL
ITAIPU
Rio Paranaíba
Rio Paranapanema
CDSAConsórciosCOPELTRACTEBEL
ITAIPU
Rio Paranaíba
Rio Paranapanema
CDSAConsórciosCOPELTRACTEBEL
ITAIPU
Rio Paranaíba
Rio Paranapanema
CDSAConsórciosCOPELTRACTEBEL
ITAIPU
Rio Paranaíba
Rio Paranapanema
BinacionalRio Iguaçu
BinacionalRio Iguaçu
BinacionalRio Iguaçu
BinacionalRio Iguaçu
The Interconnected high voltage grid transports energy all over the country from river basin with goodall over the country from river basin with good
hydrological conditions to those suffering a drought
Isolated Systemy
4 000 km 4 000 km
4 000 km
Interconnected System Europe
(year 2007)
Short term marginal cost Spot priceSpot price
Sale on the spot is very unsteady contracts at long term (PPA’s)contractscontracts700700
Sale on the spot is very variable... solution: long term (PPA’s)Rationing Sale on the spot is very unsteady
contracts at long term (PPA’s)contracts700
Sale on the spot is very variable... solution: long term (PPA’s)Rationing
contracts at long term (PPA s)
500500
600600
700700
MWh)
MWh)
contracts at long term (PPA s)
500
600
700
MWh)
300300
400400
PLD
(R$/M
PLD
(R$/M
300
400
PLD
(R$/M
100100
200200
med
ium
med
ium
100
200
med
ium
000
SE/COSE/CO SS NENE NNSE/CO S NE N
New power plants are built if their proponents win Government organized auctions of PPAsGovernment organized auctions of PPAs
Energy producer 1 Disco 1
Energyproducer 2
Disco 2
.
...
. .EnergyProducer m Disco n
10
Streamflow variability of existing power plants in the Southeasty g p p
40000
35000
40000
25000
30000
20000
25000
GW
h
3 X
10000
15000
5000
0Jan Fev Mar Abr Mai Jun Jul Ago Set Out Nov Dez
11
Streamflow variability of the future Belo Monte power plant
14000
y p p
12000
14000
10000
6000
8000
GW
h
25 X4000
25 X
0
2000
Jan Fev Mar Abr Mai Jun Jul Ago Set Out Nov Dez
12
Relationship between storage and monthly consumption
sMon
ths
We have been producing electricity from solar energyelectricity from solar energy
for more than a century
Plano da Margem Direita do Amazonas – ANA ‐ 2012
“a construção das usinas hidrelétricas nos rios Tapajós e Teles Pires, previstas no PDE 2019, poderão viabilizar a Hidrovia Tapajós‐TelesPires e permitir o escoamento de parte da grande produção de grãos do Estado de Mato Grosso, estimada em 40 milhões de toneladas/ano no ano de 2020, dos quais 14 milhões de toneladas poderiam ser escoadas pela hidrovia e pelo porto de Santarém”.
(Plano da Margem Direita do Amazonas, ANA, 2012)
Plano da Margem Direita do Amazonas – ANA ‐ 2012
Electric energy tariffs for households, US$c/KWh, 2010
25 125,726,1
31,9
35,6 TaxesTotal tariff
17,818,018,018,821,521,522,522,923,0
25,1,
9,45,05,1
7,28,9
11,6
7 19,47 17 88,713,0
19,8
00,51,51,92,02,73,73,94,34,55,55,87,19,47,17,88,7
Germ
a
Chile
Holan d
Portug
Spain
Engla n
Poland
USA
Rússia
China
Argen t
Índia
Denma
Norw
a
Italy
Swee d
Brazil
Chile
Holan d
Portug
Spain
Engla n
Turkey
Poland
Finland
Rússia
China
Argen t
Índia
any
d gal
nd d a tina
ark
ay den
d gal
nd y d d a tina
FONTE: ABRADEE, Enerdata; IMF; Eurostat.
Capítulos
12. Vencimento das concessões do Setor Elétricodo Setor Elétrico
13. Um mau lexemplo na
distribuição de eletricidade
15. Pacote de “bondades” na cota de luz (exceção: lixo)
24. Tentativas de intimidação de servidoresservidores públicos
The new Law: reduction of revenues and tariffsThe new Law: reduction of revenues and tariffs
• Generation: 6.9 Billion R$/y 22 R$/MWh• Transmission: 5.7 Billion R$/y 13 R$/MWh• Cross subsidies: 7.6 Billion R$/y 18 R$/MWh$/y $/
• Total: 20 2 Billion R$/y 53 R$/MWh• Total: 20.2 Billion R$/y 53 R$/MWh
20
Source: PSR
Will the new Law help to reduce the electricity theft and delinquency?
Light’s Challenges ‐ Electricity Grid Upgrade
Electronic Meters andElectronic Meters and Displays
Electricity Grid Upgrade
AfterBefore
Developing specific projects to each areaprojects to each area
Building a new and modern electric grid
Expanding the installed capacity of transformerstransformers
Reducing visual clutter
AfB f After# Customers: 1,600
95% of the energy d li d h b
Before# Customers: 80
Only 3% of the d li d
Santa Marta• 1,600 families benefited
delivered have been paid
energy delivered was effectively paid
• R$ 3 Million invested