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Presented at IWMI-HQ on 04 December 2012 Authors: Hoanh, Chu Thai, Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali, Wichelns, Dennis,Suhardiman, Diana, de Silva, Sanjiv, McCartney, Matthew; Lacombe, Guillaume; Florence, Milan Balasubramanya, Soumya; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Keophoxay, Anousith Hydropower in Mekong countries: implications and opportunities
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Water for a food-secure world
Hoanh and MK1 & BMZ Project Teams:Sonali, Dennis, Diana, Sanjiv, Matthew, Guillaume,
Florence, Soumya, Somphasith, Anousith & partners in SEA
Hydropower in Mekong countries: implications and opportunities
04/12/2012, IWMI-HQ
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Water for a food-secure world
Outline• Problem addressed• What is the science?• How does this relate
to development?• What has been
achieved and/or proposed
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Water for a food-secure world
Problem addressed
Mekong hydropower• Rapid development in
tributaries and mainstream• Emergence of private sector
actors • Attention to economic
benefits but impacts on livelihoods often overlooked
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Water for a food-secure world
Problem addressedImplications Basin wide impacts: flow
regime, sediment, fisheries - floods and droughts
Direct impacts to livelihoods of communities
Opportunities• Electricity supply for
development• Government & HP developer
revenues
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Water for a food-secure world
CPWF MK1: Optimizing reservoir management for livelihoods
• Theun-Hinboun Expansion, Lao PDR
• Yali,
Vietnam
• Lower
Se San 2, Cambodia
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Water for a food-secure world
BMZ: Economic incentives in sloping lands with reservoir development – Benefit sharing, including PES
Nepal
Lao PDR
Vietnam
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Water for a food-secure world
Sub-component 1.1Characterization of AEZ, Resources & Livelihoods
Analysis
Sub-component 1.2Policy & InstitutionAnalysis
1. Livelihood and Institutions
Sub-component 4.2Development of Strategic Plan for
Adaptation
Sub-component 4.1Analysis of Resource
Use Options
4. Resource Use Options & Adaptation Strategies
Sub-component 2.2Livelihood Piloting
Sub-component 2.1Identifying
Potential LivelihoodOptions
2. Alternative Livelihood Options
3. Decision Support System
Sub-component 3.3Single Reservoir
Modeling
Sub-component 3.1Bayesian
Consultation
Sub-component 3.2LUPAS at Farm
& Community Levels
What is the science? MK1
8www.iwmi.org
Water for a food-secure world
What is science? BMZ Framework
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Water for a food-secure world
How does this relate to development?
MK1: Piloting livelihood activities wetlands for
conservation and livelihoods
rice-fish systems short duration cassava
in semi-flooded land
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Water for a food-secure world
How does this relate to development?
BMZ: • PFES as part of state’s
general revenues (20 VND or 0.001 USD/kwh) X 100 billion kwh• Linking HP with forest
conservation and livelihoods by promoting forest plantation for smallholder farmers
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Water for a food-secure world
What has been achieved and/or proposed?
Strong partnership with key actorsMK1 – Lao case• Credible, evidence based results from
household survey • Livelihoods feasibility through
community consultation process.• Hydropower company confident and
willing to support piloting of livelihood activities together with project team
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Water for a food-secure world
MK1 policy review & institutional analysis:• Inconsistent policy in land-
water-environment• Institutional discrepancy
between government agencies
What has been achieved and/or proposed?
• Legal plurality: more than one legal orders • Private sector actors as ad-hoc decision makers
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Water for a food-secure world
What has been achieved and/or proposed?
Nam Gnouang Dam
Keosaenkham
Typical cross section
MK1 livelihoods:• Livelihoods before dam
& impacts of dam • Issues of compensation
schemes• Options for livelihood
diversification (vegetable at drawndown area, rice-fish)
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Water for a food-secure world
What has been achieved and/or proposed?
Exposure periodLeast
Most suitable
Slope suitability
Least
Most suitable
Physical access by boat & roadLeast
Most suitable
Keosaenkham
EP
MK1 DSS:• Labor allocation for
livelihood options
KSK
Accessibility Easy access
Difficult access
Division of labour for livelihood activities
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Water for a food-secure world
What has been achieved and/or proposed?
BMZ: Hydropower decision-making structure/processes
Hydropower institutions• National: MEM, MPI, MoNRE,
EdL/EGAT/EVN• Transboundary: MRC ISH
Hydropower development procedures• National: power sector planning, IPP guideline, EIA, RAP, PPA• Transboundary: HSAP, MRC SEA
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Water for a food-secure world
What has been achieved and/or proposed?BMZ: Benefit sharing and PES• State as the sole provider
and buyer of ES• Transformation of market-
based incentives into state’s tool to control natural resource management
• The danger of green grabbing
• Environmental management versus people’s livelihoods
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Water for a food-secure world
What has been achieved and/or proposed?
Lessons and challenges: • Beyond irrigation & agriculture water
management• No one size fits all• Optimizing HP of national electricity network
for multiple water use• Synergizing the state, private sectors and
civil societies towards sustainable HP development
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Water for a food-secure world
Thank you!
