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Hydrology is the science of water occurrence, movement and transport.
Hydrology?
Hydrogeology (hydro- meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of rocks) is the part of hydrology that deals with the occurrence, distribution, movement and quality of water beneath the Earth's surface.
Hydrogeology?
Hydrology and Hydrogeology
The world’s freshwater resources are under increasing pressure. Water is vital for human survival, health and dignity and a fundamental resource for human development.
•Resources are scarce•Demands are outstripping supplies
Water cycle
Population underwater stress
Water withdrawals have increased more than twice as fast as population growth and currently more than 1/3rd (2 billions) of world's population live in countries that experience medium to high water stress.
Question: How much percent ofall water is fresh?
Because groundwater has proven difficult to find in many regions, it comprises only 19 percent of the fresh water currently used by the world's population. The key to finding this vast and often untapped resource is the accurate and reliable exploration program.
-GW is significantly less costly to develop than surface water.
-GW is less susceptible to contamination than surface water
- quite often requires little or no treatment to be used as drinking water.
WHERE IS GROUNDWATER?
How much abstraction is feasible? - unplanned abstraction can cause groundwater lowering/mining- Aresnic
To what extent groundwater interactswith surface water?
GW contamination
National Water Policy (1999) --- balanced use of groundwater and surface water
Groundwater Movement
Groundwater Movement
Groundwater Movement
Interaction of Groundwater and Surface Water
Interaction of Groundwater and Surface Water
Baseflow component of surface water flow
Lecture materials/Handouts will be provided at the end of each class.
Reference text:Groundwater Hydrology – By David Keith ToddGroundwater -- By H.M. Raghunath
GradingAttendance: 5%Assignment: 15%Quiz (3 nos): 10%Mid-term : 30%Final : 40%
WFM 5103Hydrogeology and Groundwater
Subsurface environmentWater bearing properties of rocks and soilsPrinciples of groundwater movementRechargeGroundwater withdrawalGroundwater QualityGroundwater in Coastal zonesHydrogeological mappingGroundwater managementConjunctive useGroundwater ModelsGroundwater development in Bangladesh
WFM 5103Hydrogeology and Groundwater
Groundwater withdrawal
WFM 5103Hydrogeology and Groundwater
surface subsurface
- groundwater exploration - hydrogeological mapping
- well construction - well hydraulics
Groundwater Quality- sources of pollution (municipal, agricultural, industrial, etc.)- sources of salinity
WFM 5103Hydrogeology and Groundwater
Hydrogeological mapping
Groundwater management
Conjunctive use
Groundwater in Coastal zones- saltwater intrusion
Aquifer properties/parametersWater transmitting parameter
kggk
K
Permeability orHydraulic Conductivity
epn
vv Mean pore velocity:
K (L/t) --- function of both fluid and porous medium
k (L2) --- function of porous medium only
Water transmittingParameter….contd.