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Hydrologic Modeling
David R. Maidment, Oscar Robayo, Venkatesh Merwade, Carlos Patino, Nate Johnson, Sergio Martinez, Tim Whiteaker,
Dan Obenour
Center for Research in Water Resources University of Texas at Austin
Hydrologic Information Systems
Modeling
Geodatabase
A hydrologic information system is a combination of geospatial and temporal hydrologic data with hydrologic models that supports hydrologic practice, science and education
Database
GeoHMS
GeoRAS
InterfacePrograms
HMS
RAS
GIS
GIS Preprocessors for Hydrologic Models
HMSIDM
RASIDM
Interfacedata models
HMS
RAS
GIS
GeoDatabase
Arc Hydrodata model
Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
HMSIDM
Interfacedata models
HMS
RAS
GIS
GeoDatabase
Arc Hydrodata model
GeoRAS
Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
GeoHMS
RASIDM
Development of a Geographic Framework for an Integrated Flood Modeling System
David Maidment
Oscar Robayo
Tim Whiteaker
Dan Obenour
August, 2004
University of Texas at Austin
Center for Research in Water Resources
Department of Civil Engineering
By
Regional Storm Water Regional Storm Water Modeling Program and Modeling Program and
Master Plan for San Master Plan for San AntonioAntonio
City ofSan Antonio
Modeling System
Rainfall Data:Rain gagesNexrad
Calibration Data:FlowsWater Quality
Geospatial Data:City, CountySARA, other
FloodplainManagement
IntegratedRegional Water
Resources planning
CapitalImprovemen
tPlanning
FloodForecasting
Water qualityplanning
San Antonio Regional Watershed Modeling System
“Bring the models together”
Objectives
• Develop a geographically integrated flood modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to generate and evaluate alternative plans
Objectives
• Develop a geographically integrated flood modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to generate and evaluate alternative plans
NEXRAD WSR-88D Radars in Central Texas(Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler)
scanning range = 230 km
Source: PBS&J, 2003
EWX – NEXRAD Radar in New Braunfels
Digital Rain Maps from National Weather Service (03/04/2004)
Digital Rain Maps from National Weather Service (03/29/2004)
FEMA 100-year flood plain map in Bexar County
Reading Historical Archives of NEXRAD Datasets from Internet
FTP Server
Local
Internet
Real-Time NEXRAD Datasets from Web Services
Design Rainfall Maps
100yr 24h
100yr 06h 100yr 12h
RC1 RU
09R CO
08R CO
07R CO06R CO
04R CO03R CO
01R CO
02R CO
05R CO
Regional Watershed Modeling System Case Study
Rosillo Creekwatershed
• Arc Hydro Geodatabasefor whole watershed• HEC-HMS hydrology modelfor whole watershed• HEC-RAS hydraulic model for Rosillo Creek
Salado Creek watershed
Components:
Bexar County
Arc Hydro and HEC-HMS
Arc HydroSchematic Network
HEC-HMSHydrologic
Model
Calculates Flows
Arc Hydro and HEC-RAS
Arc HydroChannel
Cross Sections
HEC-RASHydraulic
Model
Calculates Water Surface
Elevations
HEC Data Storage System (DSS)(binary data file system shared by HEC models)
• An exact replica of the binary DSS files is stored in the ArcGIS geodatabase
• An Arc 9 Toolbox exchanges data between DSS and the geodatabase
Time series catalog
Many time series
Flow Change PointsModels communicate with
one another through Arc Hydro at designated points
Information Flow
HEC-RAS
HEC-HMS
Rainfall
Flood Eleva
tions
Streamflow 4
2
3
1
Streamflo
w
Nexrad Map to Flood Map in Arc 9 Model Builder FLO
ODPLAIN MAP
Flood map as output
Model for flood flow
Model for flood
depth
HMS
Nexrad rainfall map as input
Map to Map Demo
Objectives
• Develop a geographically integrated flood modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to generate and evaluate alternative plans
Interfacedata models
HMS
RAS
WRAP
GIS
GeoDatabase
Arc Hydrodata model
Connecting Arc Hydro and Hydrologic Models
HMS files HMS IDM
RAS IDMRAS files
HEC Interface Data Models
ArcCatalog Views
IDM Arc Hydro Compliance
• Arc Hydro connectivity and naming conventions
Arc Hydro Geodatabase
HydroID
IDM Geodatabase
FeatureID
HECProgram files
Element NamesHMSCode
Constant Loss Rate (inches/hour)
Llano at Junction Model
Rainfall lost to infiltration
Snyder Time to Peak (hours)
Llano at Junction Model
Time to Peak
Modified Puls Storage (ac-ft)
Llano at Junction Model
Storage required to produce 5000
cfs flow
XML-Based Data Exchange
•Platform Independent
•Application Independent
•Ready to share with many third party applications
•Updates do not require code recompilation
Objectives
• Develop a geographically integrated flood modeling system using ArcGIS and the HEC models using Salado Creek in San Antonio as a case study
• Drive this system with digital rain maps to generate flood maps
• Store and generate HEC flood models from an ArcGIS geodatabase
• Develop a scenario management system to generate and evaluate alternative plans
Preliminary Interface Data Model for
HSPF
Nate Johnson & David Maidment
ESRI User’s ConferenceSan Diego, CAAugust 8, 2004
• Preliminary Geodatabase for HSPF IDM:Interface Data Model for HSPF
Arc
Hyd
roIn
term
edia
teT
o B
AS
INS
(demo)
• GenScn is a open source, public domain program distributed with the USEPA’s BASINS software
• Primarily designed for postprocessing timeseries data from HSPF models
GenScn: Generalized Scenario Management
• Links Geospatial data (shapefiles) to Timeseries data and allows users to interact with the data
Organizing and selecting timeseries that describe geospatial data– Timeseries are organized around 3 key
attributes:• Location (can be linked to geospatial data)• Scenario (can be used for scenario management)• Constituent (what the timeseries describes)
(demo)
Animating Timeseries linked to geospatial data
• Arc Hydro and GenScn– CRWR has worked on reading Arc Hydro
timeseries into GenScn’s representation to make it available to GenScn’s tools
– When completed, will also facilitate the transfer of timeseries from Arc Hydro format to .wdm, and vice versa
– .wdm is the time series format used by EPA Basins systems
Instream Flow Studies
Instream Flow
Decision Making
Hydrodynamic
Model
Habitat
Descriptions
Habitat
Model
ArcGISSMS/RMA2 Biological Data
Collection
Depth & velocity
Species groups
Criterion
Habitat Modeling
Velocity + Depth + Habitat Description
Mesohabitat Output
L e g e n d
V A L U E
D ry
B a c k w a t e r
S h a l lo w M a rg in
S h a l lo w M a rg in w / S tr u c t u re
R i ff le
D e e p M a r g in
D e e p M a r g in w / S tr u c t u re
M id - C h a n n e l
M id - C h a n n e l w / S t ru c t u re
G r a p h o f M e s o h a b ita t
H a b i t a t T y p e (b y c o lo r)
6 9 2 94 3 2 7
5 88 1
8 6 1 2 726 3 0
4 0
1 1 23 7
1 2 20
5 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 5 0 0 0
C o u n t
Mesohabitat output for 41.22 m3/s.
• Priority segments are 100s of miles long
• Representative reaches (study areas) are only a few (<5) miles long
Priority Segments in Texas for Instream Flow Studies
Bathymetry of the Brazos River
Data representation
Points Profile lines and cross-sections
3D CrossSections and ProfileLines
River Channel Morphology Model
1. Get the shape (blue line or DOQ)2. Using the shape, locate the thalweg3. Using thalweg location, create cross-sections4. Network of cross-sections and profile lines
1 2 3 4
Normalizing the data
Z
d
nL nR0- +
Zd
P(ni, zi)
w = nL + nR
For any point P(ni,zi), the normalized coordinates are:n* = (ni – nL)/wz* = (Z – zi)/d
For nL = -15, nR = 35, d = 5, Z=10
P (10, 7.5) becomes Pnew(0.5, 0.5)
Cross-sections as beta pdfs
eta c/s = (eta1 + eta2) * k
1=5, 1=2, 2=3, 2=3, factor = 0.5 1=2, 1=2, 2=3, 2=7, factor = 0.6
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00x
bet
a c/
s
Beta c/s
Beta1
Beta2
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00x
bet
a c/
s
Beta c/s
Beta1
Beta2
Create beta cross-sections for different thalweg locations
Hydraulic Geometry Relationshipsw = 95.654Q0.1206
R2 = 0.8164
100
1000
100 1000 10000 100000
Flow, Q(cfs)
Ave
rag
e W
idth
, w
(fe
et)
a = 95.654b = 0.1206
d = 1.4895Q 0.2537
R2 = 0.8672
1
10
100
100 1000 10000 100000Flow, Q (cfs)
Ave
rag
e D
epth
, d
(fe
et) c = 1.4895
f = 0.2537
Hydraulic geometry relationships for Brazos River at Richmond.
Hydraulic geometry relate flow with channel width, depth, and velocity.
Channel measurements can be downloaded from USGS website.
(http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/sw)
Brazos River in Texas
0 1,000500Meters
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River Channel Demo
• Show the Brazos basin and priority instream flow segments in the basin
• Select a reach (@10 miles) along the Lower Brazos river
• For the selected reach, use the RCMM toolbar to 1. Generate thalweg using the channel boundary2. Generate cross-sections using the thalweg3. Generate profile-lines using the cross-sections
• Show the 3D river channel form generated by RCMM in ArcScene
Water Management Information System
for the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin
Carlos PatinoDaene McKinneyDavid MaidmentAugust, 2004
Collaboration between USA-Mexico
• Cooperation of – CRWR (Center for Research in Water Resources) of
the University of Texas at Austin, – CNA (Mexican National Water Commission), and– IMTA (Mexican Institute of Water Technology)
• Has resulted in the development of an Arc Hydro geodatabase for the Rio Grande/Bravo basin
• A one-stop shop for geospatial and temporal water resources information for the basin
• Training materials in english and spanish on GIS Hydro 2004
Mexico: 7 Hydrologic subregions (228,000 km2)
USA: 9 Hydrologic Subregions (327,000 km2, closed basins included)
Total Area: 555,000 km2
Digital Elevation Model for Each Subregion
RIO GRANDE DEMO•Showing the hydrological subregions •Network Tracing analyst Showing the relationships among HydroJunction, monitoring points, Watersheds, and HydroEdges (Use HydroJunction 2020100022)•Showing the time series related to La Boquilla dam.