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HYDROLOGIC DATA FROM ROAN CREEK AND PARACHUTE CREEK
BASINS, NORTHWESTERN COLORADO
By D. Briane Adams, Kimball E. Goddard, Ralph 0. Patt, and Kenneth C, Galysan
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open-File Report 83-859
Grand Junction, Colorado 1986
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Dallas L. Peck, Director
For additional information write to:
Colorado District Chief U.S. Geological Survey Box 25046, Mail Stop 415 Denver Federal Center Lakewood, CO 80225
Copies of this report can be purchased from:
Open-File Services Section Western Distribution Branch U.S. Geological Survey, MS 306 Box 25425, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 (303) 236-7476
CONTENTS
Glossary---------------------Abstract- -- -- Introduction------- --------Description of data --
Surface water------- ---Ground water-------- ---
Water-quality standards- -- Selected references----------Supplemental hydrologic data- Supplemental well data-------
Page vi 1 1 3 3 9
11 15 18 87
Plates 1-3.
Figure
Maps 1. sites in Roan Creek
northwestern
ILLUSTRATIONS
[Plates in Pocket]
showing: Surface-water data-collection
and Parachute Creek basins,Colorado.
Springs for which data are available in RoanCreek and Parachute Creek basins, northwesternColorado.
Wells for which data are available in Roan Creekand Parachute Creek basins, northwesternColorado.
Map showing location of study area---- -- -- --Average monthly hydrographs for the streamflow-gaging
stations in Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins -- Average monthly mean specific conductivity at five
streamflow-gaging stations in Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins---------------------------------
Schematic section showing geologic formations and ground- water flow system in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek drainage basins----------------------------------
Diagram showing system of numbering springs and wells in Colorado--------------------------------------------
Well no. l--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling----
Well no. 2--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling
Well no. 2--Water levels of upper and lower aquifers-----
Page 2
11
14
88
8990
111
CONTENTSPage
Figure 9. Well no. 3--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling 91
10. Well no. 3 Water levels of upper and lower aquifers-- - 9211. Well no. 4--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer
logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling 93
12. Well no. 4 Water levels of upper and lower aquifers 9413. Well no. 5--Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer
logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling-- - 95
14. Well no. 8 Vertical-flow data from radioactive-tracer logs, caliper log, and discharge and specific- conductance logs of fluids produced during drilling ----- 96
15. Well no. 9--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs- - 9716. Well no. 10--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs 9817. Well no. ll--Caliper and temperature logs -- 9918. Well no. 12--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs 10019. Well no. 13--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs--- 10120. Well no. 14--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs- 10221. Well no. 15--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs--- 10322. Well no. 16--Caliper and temperature logs - 10423. Well no. 17--Caliper and temperature logs- --- - 10424. Well no. 18--Vertical-flow, caliper, and temperature logs 10525. Well no. 19--Caliper and temperature logs 10626. Well no. 20--Caliper and temperature logs---------- - - 10627. Well no. 42--Water-level hydrograph 10728. Well no. 43--Water-level hydrograph and lithologic log- 10829. Well nos. 44 and 45--Water-level hydrographs 10930. Well no. 46-~Water-level hydrograph and lithologic log-- 11031. Well nos. 47 and 48--Water-level hydrographs-- -- -- 11132. Well nos. 49 and 50--Water-level hydrographs 11233. Well nos. 52 and 53--Water-level hydrographs - 11334. Well nos. 54 and 55--Water-level hydrographs--- --- - 11435. Well no. 56--Water-level hydrograph-- --- -- 115
TABLES
PageTable 1. Frequency of collection and sources of published surface-
water data collected at streamflow-gaging stations-- - 42. Drainage area and period of discharge record of U.S.
Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations-- ---- 53. Strati graphic column of Tertiary (Eocene) and Quaternary
rocks, Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins - 104. Water-quality standards for water use in Colorado-- - 12
IV
CONTENTSPage
Table 5. Rating of irrigation water for various crops on the basis ofboron concentration in the watei -- 15
6. Analyses of water-quality samples collected at miscellaneoussurface-water sites -- ---- - ---- ----- 20
7. Taxa and densities of benthic invertebrates, per squaremeter, collected from sites in Roan Creek and ParachuteCreek basins--- ----
GLOSSARY
acre-foot.--The quantity of water required to cover 1 acre to a depth of 1 foot, equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet or about 326,000 gallons.
aquifer, --A geologic formation, group of formations, or part of a formation that contain sufficient saturated permeable material to yield signifi- cant quantities of water to wells and springs.
benthic invertebrate.--An animal without a backbone that lives in or on the bottom of an aquatic environment.
chemical quality.--The concentration of solutes (any substance dissolved in water), and certain properties or characteristics, such as hardness, sodium-adsorption ratio, percent sodium, and specific conductance.
confined aquifer.--An aquifer in which ground water is confined under pressure greater than atmospheric by overlying, relatively impermeable strata. Water level in a well penetrating a confined aquifer will be above the upper boundary of the aquifer.
confining bed.--A rock unit above or below an aquifer that is much less permeable than the aquifer and restrains ground water flow to and from adjoining units.
discharge.--The volume of water (or more broadly, volume of fluid plussuspended sediment) that passes a given point within a given time,
instantaneous discharge.--The discharge at a particular instant.dissolved.--Material in a representative water sample that passes through a
0.45-micrometer membrane filter. The sample may include some very small (colloidal) suspended particles, as well as the amount of substance present in true chemical solution.
downstream order and station number.--Order and number of streamflow-gaging stations, listed in downstream direction along the main stream. Stations on tributaries are listed between stations on the main stream in the order in which those tributaries enter the main stream. Stations on tributaries entering above all mainstream stations are listed in a similar manner.
drainage area.--That area, measured in a horizontal plane, enclosed by ^ topographic divide from which direct surface runoff from precipitatr normally drains by gravity into the stream above the specified pc
ground water. --Water in the saturated zone.hardness.--Concentration of calcium and magnesium expressed as equivalent
calcium.partial-record station.--A site where limited streamflow or water-quality data
are collected systematically over a period of years for use in hydro- logic analyses.
sediment. --Sol id material that originates mostly from disintegrated rocks and is transported by, suspended in, or deposited from water; it includes chemical and biochemical precipitates and decomposed organic material, such as humus.
sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).--The expression of relative activity of sodium ions in exchange reactions with soil, an index of sodium or alkali hazard to the soil. This ratio should be known especially for water used for irrigating farmland.
solute.--Any substance derived from the atmosphere, vegetation, soil, or rocks that is dissolved in water.
VI
specific conductance.--A measure of the ability of water to conduct an elec- trical current, expressed in micromhos per centimeter at 25° Celsius. Specific conductance is related to the number and specific chemical types of ions in solution and can be used for approximating the dissolved- solids content of water.
streamflow. --The discharge that occurs in a natural channel. Although the term "discharge" can be applied to the flow of a canal, the word "streamflow" uniquely describes the discharge in a surface stream course. The term "streamflow" is more general than "runoff," because streamflow may be applied to discharge whether or not it is affected by diversion or regulation.
suspended, recoverable. The amount of a given constituent that is in solu- tion, after the part of a representative water-suspended sediment sample that is retained on a 0.45-micrometer membrane filter has been digested by a method (usually using a dilute-acid solution), that results in dis- solution of only readily soluble substances.
suspended, total.--Total amount of a given constituent in the part of a repre- sentative water-suspended sediment that is retained on a 0.45-micrometer membrane filter.
transraissivity.--The rate at which water is transmitted through a unit width of aquifer under a unit-hydraulic gradient.
water year.--In the U.S. Geological Survey, the 12-month period, October 1 through September 30. The water year is designated by the calender year in which it ends, including 9 of the 12 months. Thus, the year ending September 30, 1981, is called the "1981 water year."
Multiply inch-pound unit
acre-foot (acre-ft)cubic foot per second (ft3 /s)foot (ft)gallon per minute (gal/min)mile (mi)square foot (ft2 )square mile (mi 2 )
To convert degree Fahrenheit formula: °C = (°F-32) 5/9.
CONVERSION FACTORS
By
0.0012330.028320.30480.063091.6090.092902.590
To obtain metric unit
cubic hectometercubic meter per secondmeter1iter per secondkilometersquare metersquare kilometer
(°F) to degree Celsius (°C), use the following
The following terms and abbreviations also are used in this report: micromho per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (|jmho/cm at 25°C) milligram per liter (mg/L) microgram per liter (pg/L)
VI 1
HYDROLOGIC DATA FROM ROAN CREEK AND PARACHUTE CREEK BASINS,NORTHWESTERN COLORADO
By D. Briane Adams, Kimball E. Goddard, Ralph 0. Patt, and Kenneth C. Galyean
ABSTRACT
Hydrologic data obtained from a comprehensive study of the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins are presented in this report. The purpose of this study was to inventory and appraise the predevelopment hydro!ogic conditions in these basins. The study was conducted from October 1975 through September 1981 and was one of several studies of oil-shale areas in the Western United States conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Data collected prior to October 1975 also are presented, and references to other reports covering this area are given. Data collected include information from 58 wells, 286 springs, 14 streamflow-gaging stations, and 24 miscellaneous surface-water sites. Surface-water discharge, chemical quality, and sediment data from streamflow-gaging stations in the basin are published in other reports listed in the references. Data-collection methods and laboratory-analysis techniques used are described or referenced in this report.
INTRODUCTION
Oil-shale development and its associated needs and impacts have prompted widespread interest among a variety of individuals and groups. The orderly development of this resource requires a wide range of social and scientific information. These needs include information concerning the available water resources that might be a factor limiting the immediate development of the oil-shale resources of an area.
The Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins of northwestern Colorado have large deposits of oil shale. The purpose of this study was to inventory and summarize the data on the predevelopment hydrologic conditions in these basins. The U.S. Geological Survey began this investigation in October 1975 and concluded its study in September 1981. This report is a compilation of the hydrologic data collected during this study.
The study area encompasses the drainages of Roan and Parachute Creeks and is approximately 710 square miles (fig. 1). Most of the study area is in Garfield County in northwestern Colorado, but small parts lie in Mesa and Rio Blanco Counties. Rocks exposed in the study area range in age from Paleocene to Holocene. The ground water of the area primarily is governed by the geol- ogy of the Uinta and Green River Formations of Eocene age and valley alluvium of Quaternary age, because these formations contain the principal aquifers.
108°30' 108°00'
Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map, 1969
10 15 MILES
I 1 I5 10 15 KILOMETERS
Figure l.--Map showing location of study area.
Surface-water discharge, chemical quality, and sediment data collected at streamflow-gaging stations in the area are published in other reports of the U.S. Geological Survey and are listed in the "Selected References" section of this report. R. 0. Patt and others, (1982) compiled data on the water re- sources of the 52,500-acre Naval Oil Shale Reserves, which coincide with part of the area of this study. Their compilation also includes climatic data. Large amounts of data also have been collected throughout the basin by oil-shale or related companies and their contractors. The availability of these data is determined by the individual companies and their contractors.
Data-collection sampling and data analyses were done according to U.S. Geological Survey procedures and are reported in the "Techniques of Water Resources Investigations" series. Publications in this series are listed in the section on "Selected References." Appreciation is extended to the many oil-shale companies, landowners, and individuals who allowed access to their properties to collect these data.
DESCRIPTION OF DATA
Surface Water
Surface-water data collected in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins consist of discharge measurements, water-quality analyses, water-temperature and specific-conductance measurements, suspended-sediment concentrations, and benthic-invertebrate taxa and densities. The frequency of discharge measure- ment at 12 streamflow-gaging stations and the numbers referring to publica- tions reporting these measurements are listed in table 1. The period of streamf low record for each station is given in table 2. Data from two streamflow-gaging stations in the area, 09094000 Roan Creek at Simmons Ranch near Highmore and 09094100 Carr Creek at Altenbern Ranch near Highmore, are not included, because data were only collected sporadically from these sta- tions during 1935-37. Variation of the average monthly streamflow for the 12 streamflow-gaging stations operated in the basins is shown in figure 2.
Samples of water for chemical analyses were collected from eight streamflow-gaging stations. These stations and the numbers of the references containing the results of these analyses are listed in table 1. A sample of water for chemical analysis was also collected at each of the 24 miscellaneous surface-water sites reported in table 6, in the "Supplemental Hydrologic Data" section at the end of this report. Daily water-temperature and specific- conductance data are available for five stations, monthly water-temperature and specific-conductance data for one station, and daily or monthly suspended- sediment data for six stations. Variation of average monthly mean specific conductance at the five stations is shown in figure 3. Frequency of measure- ment or collection and numbers of the references to these data are listed in table 1. Data on benthic invertebrates collected at nine sites are listed in table 7, in the "Supplemental Hydrologic Data" section. This table also con- tains field-measurement water quantity and quality data collected at the time of sampling.
Table
I.--
Freq
uenc
y of collection (daily an
d mo
nthl
y) and
sour
ces
of published s
urfa
ce-w
ater
data
coll
ecte
d at
streamflow-gaging
stations
[D^daily,
M=monthly.
Numb
ers
refe
r to da
ta so
urce
s li
sted
in "S
elec
ted
References."]
Site
numb«
on
plat
* 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12
1 >r
U.S.
Geological Su
rvey
streamf lo
w- gag
ing
station
Numb
er
09092800
0909
2830
0909
2850
0909
2960
0909
2970
0909
2980
0909
3000
0909
3500
0909
4200
0909
4400
0909
5000
0909
5400
Name
Wcbl. rUils. rdi dUMU Uc L-
iccl
s. d l»
rdi dUllU Cc
Northwater Cr
eek
near An
vil
Poin
ts--
East Mi
ddle
Fork Parachute
Creek
near
Rio
Blan
co- - - -- -
East
Fork Parachute
Creek
near An
vil
Poin
tsuabC rUI N
. rdi dL.MUl'C
L»i ccK IlcaT
I\U
1 1 bull
Ben
Good
Cr
eek
near
Rulison --- -
Parachute
Cree
k ne
ar Parachute
rdidUIIUlc
L-I ccl\ dv rdidUllUUc
Roan Creek
abov
e Cl
ear
Cree
k ne
ar De
Bequ
e--
Clear
Cree
k ne
ar DeBeque
rxUdll L.
IC6K
. Ilcdi
UcDcLJUc
Dry
Fork near De
Bequ
e - -
Discharge
D 11-12
D 22
-26
D 22-26
D 22-26
D 22
-26
D 22-26
D 10-16,20-26
D 10
-11,
20-2
6 D
12-15
D 13
-15
D 10,12-26
D 20
-26
Wate
r quality
M 22-26
M 22
-26
M 22-26
M 22
-26
M 23
-26
Mor»
o^*
20-2
6 M
20-2
6
M 22
-26
Temperature
and
spec
ific
conductance
D 22
-26
D 22-26
D 20
-26
D 20
-26
D 22
-26
M 22-26
Suspended
sedi
ment
M 23
-24
D 23-26
D 22-26
D,M
21-26
D 20-26
D 22
-26
Table 2. "Drainage area and period of discharge record of U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations
Site number
on plate
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Station number
09092800
09092830
09092850
09092960
09092970
09092980
09093000
09093500
09094200
09094400
09095000
09095400\j ^ \j *j +j~\j \j
Name
West Fork Parachute Creek nearGrand Valley (now Parachute).
Northwater Creek near AnvilPoints.
East Middle Fork ParachuteCreek near Rio Blanco.
East Fork Parachute Creek nearAnvil Points.
East Fork Parachute Creek nearRulison.
Ben Good Creek near Rulison----
Parachute Creek near Parachute(formerly Grand Valley).
Parachute Creek at Parachute (formerly Grand Valley).
Roan Creek above Clear Creek, near DeBeque.
Clear Creek near DeBeque ---
Roan Creek near DeBeque
Dry Fork near DeBeque----------
Drainage area
(square miles)
48,1
12.6
22.1
14.5
20.4
4.04
141
198
151
111
321«-> C-. -L
109
Period of
record
Oct. 1957 toSept. 1962
Oct. 1976 topresent
Oct. 1976 topresent
Oct. 1967 topresent
Oct. 1976 topresent
Nov. 1976 topresent
Oct. 1948 toSept. 1954, Oct. 1964 toSept. 1970, Apr. 1975 to present
Apr. 1921 to Sept. 1927, Oct. 1948 toSept. 1954, Oct. 1974 topresent
Oct. 1962 to Sept. 1968
July 1966 to Sept. 1968
Anr 1Q?1 tnrtfJ I . -L-7C.J. L.U
Sept. 1926, Oct. 1962 toSept. 1972, Oct. 1974 topresent
Oct 1974 to\J \+ v» _L ' / ~ Wpresent
104
103
102
101
104
09092800, West Fork of Parachute Creek near Parachute
1 T I I I 1 I I I T
I I l I I l I
09092850, East Middle Fork of Parachute Creek near Rio Blanco
103
>- 102
101
10*
103
102
101
100
l I I I I l l l I I T
i l l l I l I l I i
09092970, East Fork of Parachute Creek near Rulison
1 I I I I I I
l I I l ill I l iONDJFMAMJJAS
MONTH
104
103
102
09092830, Northwater Creek near Anvil Points
101
I I I I I
l l i l l l l i l l
09092960, East Fork of Parachute Creek near AnviI Points
103
102
101
103
102
101
100
10-1
I I I I T 1 I I T
I l I I l l l l
09092980, Ben Good Creek near RulisonI I I I I I I I I
ONDJFMAMJJAS
MONTH
Figure 2.--Average monthly hydrographs for the streamflow- gaging stations in Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins.
104
103
102
09093000, Parachute Creek near Parachute
101
i T i i r i i i i i
i i i i i i i i
09094200, Roan Creek above Clear Creek, near DeBeque
103
102 l I I l I I i l i i I
105 09095000, Roan Creek near DeBeque
ONDJ FMAMJ JAS
MONTH
105
104
103
102
103
102
09093500, Parachute Creek at Parachutei I I I T I
l l i l i l i
09094400, Clear Creek near DeBeque
I l l l I l l l I I
10409095400, Dry Fork near DeBequeiiiiii ir
103
102
1Q1 I I I I I I I I I I I
ONDJ FMAMJ JAS
MONTH
Figure 2.--Average monthly hydrographs for the streamflow- gaging stations in Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins-- Continued.
CO
CU
-J.
C
-5
<
-3
CU
CD
CD
O rr 0
1 GO
CD
-5
ICD
I
CU
3=3
<-h
CD
._
O
CUTT
s:
CQI
CDC
TCQ
Cu
cu
3
01
CQ
O
_j.
-i
. 13
13
13
r+
01 C
Q rr
01
13
O
O
-"
CU
O
13O
O
O
-5
13
CD
CL
CD
C
7T
O t-
l-CU
-"
13
<
C
L -J
-
AV
ER
AG
E M
ON
TH
LY
ME
AN
S
PE
CIF
IC C
ON
DU
CT
AN
CE
, IN
M
ICR
OM
HO
S P
ER
C
EN
TIM
ET
ER
AT
25
° C
EL
SIU
SC
D
CD
ro
cno
o
O O
AV
ER
AG
E M
ON
TH
LY
M
EA
NS
PE
CIF
IC C
ON
DU
CT
AN
CE
, IN
MIC
RO
MH
OS
PE
R C
EN
TIM
ET
ER
AT
25°
CE
LS
IUS
O
O
\ I
O
O O
O o
o
3 o
CD
CD
CD O
-<
CD
JO
N>
3
O
CD
CDcu
o-<
CD
fs ,7' O
The location of all surface-water stations and sites in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins for which data are available is shown on plate 1. Station and site numbers shown on the plate correspond with those in tables 1, 2, 6, and 7.
Ground Water
Ground-water data collected from springs and wells in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek basins consist of inventory and water-quality analyses data. Included in this section are inventory data for 286 springs (table 8) and 58 wells (table 9) and chemical analyses of water from 63 springs (table 10) and 20 wells (table 11). Tables 8, 9, 10, and 11 are in the "Supplemental Hydrologic Data" section at the end of this report. The inventory data include location, altitude, date, discharge, and field values of specific conductance, pH, and temperature.
Records of selected test wells are listed in table 12 in the "Supple- mental Hydrologic Data" section, and additional information in graphic form is presented in the section on "Supplemental Well Data" in figures 6-35. The types and amount of data differ among the test wells. Types of data reported include location, surface elevation, date drilled, total depth, depth to geologic markers, casing diameter and depth, water level, aquifer transmis- sivity, and thickness. Additional information on well logs and water levels are presented in the "Supplemental Well Data" section, figures 6-35 for many of the welIs.
Test wells in the study area penetrated silty sandstones and siltstones of the Uinta Formation of Eocene age and underlying kerogenous marlstones of the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation of Eocene age (table 3). The Mahogany zone, or Mahogany ledge where it is exposed, is a stratigraphic layer rich in oil shale (more than 30 gallons per ton) in the upper part of the Parachute Creek Member. Where penetrated by the test holes, the Mahogany zone is about 140 feet thick and is a relatively impermeable confining bed. Water-saturated bedrock above the Mahogany zone is known as the upper aquifer(s), and the water-saturated bedrock below the Mahogany zone is confined and is known as the lower aquifer(s) (fig. 4).
Test wells drilled in the alluvium in the Roan Creek valley reached the Wasatch Formation of Eocene age at about 50 feet (fig. 4). Depths to the saturated zone or water table in the alluvium ranged from 10 to 40 feet and averaged about 20 feet.
The locations of springs are shown on plate 2, and the locations of wells are shown on plate 3. The spring numbers on plate 2 correspond to site num- bers shown in the first column of tables 8 and 10. The well numbers on plate 3 correspond to site numbers shown in the first column of tables 9, 11, and 12. The system of numbering springs and wells in Colorado is shown in figure 5.
Tabl
e 3.--Stratigraphic column of Tertiary (E
ocen
e) an
d Quaternary rocks, Ro
an Creek an
d Parachute Creek basins
[Mod
ifie
d fr
om Coffin and
others,
1971]
Geol
ogic
ag
e
Geol
ogic
unit an
dth
ickn
ess
(fee
t)
Lith
olog
ic unit and
thic
knes
s (feet)
Quat
erna
ry
Allu
vium
and
lake
deposits
(0-8
0)
Sand
and
grav
el.
Clay
; ge
nera
lly
organic.
In th
e st
udy
area th
e al
luvi
um is
in th
e er
oded
va
lley
on
th
e Wasatch
Form
atio
n.
Tertiary
(Eoc
ene)
Uint
a Fo
rmat
ion
(0-1
,250
)
Para
chut
eCreek
Memb
er(500-
1,700)
Anvi
l Po
ints
Memb
er
(0-1
,800
)
Garden
Gulch
(0-900)
Douglas
Creek
Memb
er(0
-800
)
Sand
ston
e, si
lty,
coarse to fi
ne-g
rain
ed;
poor
ly so
rted
, an
d si
ltst
one
with so
me barren
marl
stone.
Fractured
in lo
wer
part
. Little or no
primary
porosity.
Kerogenous dolomitic
marl stone co
ntai
ning
some th
in as
h be
ds.
Can
be divided
into th
e fo
llow
ing
four
zo
nes:
Zone 4
(<500)
Marl
ston
e co
ntai
ning
little oil
shale.
Frac
ture
d.
Zone
3
Maho
gany
zone
(100
-200
)Oi
l shale.
Frac
ture
d ex
cept
where deeply bu
ried
.
Zone 2
Oil
shale.
Frac
ture
d; mo
re porous an
d pe
rmea
ble
than
th
eLeached
or lo
w re
sist
ivit
y zone
underlying or
overlying
zones.
Low
resi
stiv
ity
on(<200-700)
elec
tric
logs.
Zone 1
High re
sist
ivit
y zone
(1,100 or le
ss)
Oil
shal
e and
sodium minerals.
Slig
htly
fr
actu
red.
Thickest in no
rth-
cent
ral
part of
basin; thin el
sewh
ere.
Shal
e, sa
ndst
one,
and
barren ma
rlst
one
with
minor
amounts
of si
ltst
one
and
algal
and
oolitic
marl
ston
e.
A ba
sin-
edge
facies which
grades in
to th
e Garden Gu
lch
and
Douglas
Cree
k Members.
Shal
e and
barren ma
rlst
one
with local
thin
beds of sa
ndst
one
and
limestone.
A basin-edge
facies best developed
in th
e southern part of th
e basin.
Sand
ston
e wi
th some li
mest
one
and
shale.
Wasatch
Form
ation
(300-5,000)
Clay,
shal
e, lenticular sa
ndst
one;
lo
call
y, be
ds of conglomerate and
limestone.
Beds of
clay and
shal
e ar
e th
e main constituents of the
formation.
Contains gy
psum
.
WEST EAST
Lower part of Green River Formation
Wasatch Formation
Not to scale
Figure 4.--Schematic section showing geologic formations and ground-water flow system in the Roan Creek and Parachute Creek drainage basins.
WATER-QUALITY STANDARDS
Because the water within the study area may be used for multiple pur- poses, selected standards established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1975, 1976, 1977) and water-quality standards proposed by the Colorado Department of Health (1977b) for domestic supplies, fisheries, and agricul- tural uses are listed in table 4. A crop-tolerance rating by Hem (1970), based on the boron concentration of agricultural-irrigation waters, is given in table 5. These tables are included in this report so that the reader can compare the chemical analyses presented with established standards to deter- mine possible ways of using the waters from different sources within the basins. Additional information concerning the standards can be obtained from the references.
11
Table 4. --Water-quality standards for water use in Colorado
[Value given is the maximum allowed unless otherwise specified; mg/L, milligram per liter; pg/L, microgram per liter]
Water-quality property or constituent
Temperature (°C) ---pH (standard units)-- - Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) -
National 1 and proposed Colorado2 drinking water regulations
Physiochemical
86.5
Table 4. --Water-quality standards for water use in Colorado Continued
Water-qual ity property or constituent
National 1 and proposed Colorado2 drinking water regulations
Proposed Colorado water-quality standards 3
Water supply4 Aquatic life 5 Agriculture6
Miscellaneous properties or constituents
Ammonia (mg/L as N)------- ---- Chlorine (total residual;
mg/L)- Color (color units)------- 815Cyanide (mg/L) --------- ----Foaming agents (mg/L)----- 8 .5Nitrite (mg/L as N)------- ---- Odor (threshold odor
number)----------------- 8 3Sulfide as H 2 S (mg/L) 8 .05Turbidity (TU) 11.20!
16 0 5\J * *J
.2
1.0
.0521 1.0
17 0.02 --
18 .002
.005 0.2
19 .05 10
.002 ----
1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975, 1976, 1977. 2 Colorado Department of Health, 1977a. 3 Colorado Department of Health, 1977Jb.4 Includes uncontaminated ground water and ground and surface water requiring disinfection or
standard treatment (raw water).5 Includes cold-water biota (inhabitants, including trout, of waters where temperatures do not
normally exceed 20°C) and warm water biota (inhabitants of waters where temperatures normally exceed 20°C). Trace-element standards apply to waters having total hardness from 0 to 100 mg/L as CaC0 3 ; standards for waters of greater hardness may be equal or greater. Total trace-element concentrations are given, unless otherwise specified.
6 Includes irrigation and stock watering.7 Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 30°C. In addition, a
maximum 3°C increase over a minimum 4-hour period lasting for 12 hours maximum from naturally occur- ring temperatures shall be allowed.
8 Secondary maximum contaminant level. These "* * * are not Federally enforceable and are intended as guidelines for the States * * *" (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977).
9Applies only to ground and surface water requiring disinfection or standard treatment (raw water).
10Minimum allowed concentration. Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 5.0 mg/L. In addition, a 7.0 mg/L standard during periods of spawning of cold-water fish may be set on a case by case basis.
1:L Interim primary maximum contaminant level. Applies to all systems providing piped water for human consumption, "* * * if such system has at least fifteen service connections or regularly serves at least twenty-five individuals." (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975, 1976). Proposed primary drinking-water regulations (Colorado Department of Health, 1977a).
12The exact fluoride standard applicable is dependent on maximum daily air temperatures for the location in which situated * * *" (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1975).
I3 lncludes nitrite as N. 14 Refers to soluble form. / 15 Refers to total concentration.16 Recommended standard because of effect on chlorination.17 Nonionized. Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 0.10 mg/L. 18 Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 0.01 mg/L. 19Applies only to cold-water biota; standard for warm-water biota is 0.5 mg/L. 20A value of 5 or fewer TU is allowed if it does not interfere with disinfection or
microbiological determinations.21 Applies only to uncontaminated ground water.
"* * * the annual average of the community water system isthe
13
(Q C -s CD en i i o Cu
CQ -s Cu
s: =r
cr> o (Q
3
V)
Table 5. "Rating of irrigation water for various crops on the basis ofboron concentration in the water
[After Hem, 1970, p. 329]
Classes of water
Rating Grade
Sensitive crops (milligrams per
liter)
Semi tolerant crops (milli-
grams per liter
Tolerant crops (milligrams per
liter)
12 34 5
Excellent Good
Permissible--Doubtful
Unsuitable---
1.25
2.50
3.75
Crop types
ApricotPeachCherryApplePearPlumNavy bean
Bell pepperPumpkinOatMiloCornWheatBarleyTomatoPotatoSunflower
CarrotLettuceCabbageTurnipOnionAlfalfaGarden beetAsparagus
1.
2.
3.
4.
SELECTED REFERENCES
Coffin, D. L. , Welder, F. A., and Glanzman, R. K. , 1971, Geohydrology of the Piceance Creek structural basin between the White and Colorado Rivers, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-370.
Colorado Department of Health, 1977a lations (proposed July 19, 1977 hearing): Colorado Department
___19776, Proposed water quality standards for November 17, 1977): Colorado Department of
Preliminary drinking water regu- corrected after August 31, 1977,
Denver, Colo., 59 p.Colorado (draft no. 9;Health, Denver, Colo.,
of Health,
51 p.Greeson, P. E. , Ehlke, T. A., Irwin, G. A., Lium, B. W. , and Slack,
K. V., 1977, Methods for collection and analyses of aquatic biologi- cal and microbiological samples: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chapter A4, 332 p.
5. Hem, J. D., 1970, Study and interpretation of chemical characteristics of natural water (2nd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1473, 363 p.
15
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Patt, R. 0., Adams, D. B., and Coll ins, D. L., 1982, Hydrologic data from the Naval Oil Shale Reserves, Parachute Creek basin, northwestern Colorado, 1975-79: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-696, 134 p.
Taylor, 0. J. , 1982, Three-dimensional mathematical model for simulating the hydrologic system in Piceance basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations, Open-File Report 82-637, 35 p.Environmental Protection Agency, 1975, National interim primary
drinking water regulations: Federal Register, v. 40, no. 248, p. 59566-59588.
primary drinking water regulations promulgation of radionuclides:
U.S.
1976_ Interim regulations on p. 38402-28409. 1977, National
Federal Register, v. 41, no. 133,
secondary drinking water regulations proposed regu- lations: Federal Register, v. 42, no. 62, p. 17144-17146.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1954, Compilation of records of surface waters ofthe United States through September 1950, part 9, Colorado Riverbasin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1313, p. 124-127.
___1964, Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States,October 1950 to September 1960, part 9, Colorado River basin: U.S.Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1733, p. 100-101.
___1970, Surface water supply of the United States 1961-65, part 9,Colorado River basin above Green River: U.S. Geological Survey WaterSupply Paper 1924, p. 252-258.
___1967, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-66-1, p. 234-237.
___1968, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-67-1, p. 250, 252-255.
___1969, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-68-1, p. 256, 258-260.
___1970, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-69-1, p. 259, 261.
___1971, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-70-1, p. 256, 258.
___1972, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-71-1, p. 259.
___1973, Water resources data for Colorado, water yearSurface water records: United States Department ofGeological Survey, CO-72-1, p. 256.
for Colorado, water Geological Survey
1966. part 1, the Interior,
1967. part 1, the Interior,
1968. part 1, the Interior,
1969. par, 1, the Interior,
1970. part 1, the Interior,
1971. part 1, the Interior,
1972. part 1, the Interior,
1976. Water resources data Colorado River basin: U.S. CO-75-2, p. 143-144, 146-147.1977. Water resources data Colorado River basin: U.S. CO-76-2, p. 178-190, 199-208.
year 1975, Water-Data
v. 2, Report
for Colorado, water Geological Survey
year 1976, Water-Data
v. 2, Report
16
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
___1978, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-77-2, p
___1979, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-78-2, p
___1980, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-79-2, p
___1981, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-80-2, p
___1982, Water resources data Colorado River basin above Water-Data Report CO-81-2, p
Weeks, J. B. , Leavesley, G. H. , 1974, Simulated effect of Piceance basin, Colorado: Paper 908, 84 p.
for Colorado, water year 1977, Dolores River: U.S. Geological 164-189, 194-200. for Colorado, water year 1978, Dolores River: U.S. Geological 173-210, 216-225, 380. for Colorado, water year 1979, Dolores River: U.S. Geological 178-211, 216-223, 351-355, 384. for Colorado, water year 1980, Dolores River: U.S. Geological 174-204, 210-220. for Colorado, water year 1981, Dolores River: U.S. Geological
p. 167-195, 200-207. Welder, F. A., and Saulnier, G. J oil-shale development on the
U.S. Geological Survey
v. 2, Survey
v. 2, Survey
v- 2, Survey
v. 2, Survey
v. 2, Survey
, Jr. ,hydrology of Professional
17
SUPPLEMENTAL HYDROLOGIC DATA
18
ABBREVIATIONS
ft3 /s cubic foot per second°C degree Celsiusft footft2 /day foot squared per daygal/min gallon per minutein. inchesmg/L milligram per liter[jg/L microgram per literpmhos micromhosND not detectedpi. plateSeq. no. sequence number
19
Tabl
e 6.--Analyses of
water-quality
samples
coll
ecte
d at mi
scel
laneous
surface-water
site
s
o
Site
number
on
plat
e 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Stat
ion
numb
er
391953108125000
3923
4810
8154
801
392501108295700
392552108152200
392558108151500
392712108200701
392912108193200
393015108232700
393042108274000
393042108274300
393113107550301
393126107551001
393128107554901
393131107555501
393133107551201
393536107542800
393656108573201
393710108022401
393719108004100
393720108004000
393752108123300
393752108251100
3938
0910
8131
000
3938
4210
8330
301
Latitude
3901
9'52
"39
°23'
48M
39°25'01"
39°25'52"
3902
5'58
"
3902
7'12"
3902
9'12
"39
030'
15"
39°3
0'42
M39
°30'
42"
39°31'13"
39°31'26"
3903
1'28"
39°31'31"
3903
1'33
"
39°35
I36"
39°36'56"
3903
7'10
"39
°37'
19"
3903
7'20
"39
037'
52"
3903
7'52
"39
°38'
09"
39°38'42"
Long
itud
e
108°13'03"
108°
15'4
8"108°29'57
n108°15'22"
1080
15'15"
108020'07"
1080
19'32"
1080
23'27"
108027'40"
10802
7'43"
10705
5'03"
10705
5'10
"10
705
5'49"
107°55'55"
10705
5'12
"
107°
54I28"
10705
7'32
"10
8°02
'24"
1080
00'41"
108°
00'4
0"10
8°12
'33"
108°25'11"
108°
13'1
0"108°33'03"
Seq.
no
.
00 01 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 01 01 01 01 01 00 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 01
Date
of
samp
le
77-12-07
78-03-09
75-08-06
75-0
8-06
75-0
8-06
74-11-14
74-1
1-14
74-11-14
74-1
1-14
74-11-14
78-0
6-02
79-0
4-10
79-0
7-06
79-0
4-10
78-06-02
78-0
6-02
78-06-02
79-0
4-10
79-07-06
75-0
9-17
78-0
9-26
78-09-26
75-0
9-17
75-09-17
77-0
4-20
77-04-20
75-09-17
77-04-20
Stream-
flow
, in
stan
- taneous
(ftV
s)
2.3 .10
.80
1.9 .02 -- -- -- -- -- .20
El.O .0
0E.
10 .30
.05
.20
.80
.01
.10
.26 --
1.1 .52
2.0 .37 -- .81
Spe-
ci
fic
con-
duc-
tance
(pmh
os)
2,70
02,
750
920
1,300
3,30
0
2,280
610
565
590
610
1,49
01,950
2,00
03,600
1,00
0
3,35
01,200
1,750
1,30
050
0
485
595
520
560
560
560
675
490
pH
(units)
8.3
8.1
7.9
8.2
8.4
8.8
9.0
8.1
8.2
8.6 -- 8.5 -- 8.7
8.9
8.6 8.5
8.5
8.6
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.1
8.5
8.2
8.2
Temper-
atur
e
3.0
13.0
16.5
13.0
23.0 8.0
9.0
9.0
7.0
3.0
18.0 7.0
19.5
10.0
20.5
23.8
20.5 7.0
14.5
12.5
13.5
13.0
16.0
15.5 9.0
4.0
15.0 6.0
Hard-
ness
(m
g/L)
1,000
1,20
039
054
01,
100
640
330
300
340
320
500
750
580
1,300
320
570
430
710
450
240
220
240
220
220
240
250
250
230
Hard-
ness
, noncar-
bonate
(mg/L)
564
1,02
0 38 124
650 83 0 0 0 3 256
532
367
702
113 34 244
487
265 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Calc
ium
dis-
, solved
(mg/
L)
150
280 79 83 110 91 64 55 59 56 84 160 94 260 53 64 66 150 70 61 57 57 53 51 56 54 57 53
Table
6.--Analyses of
water-quality
samples
coll
ecte
d at miscellaneous
surface-water
sites--Continued
Site
numb
er
on
plate
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Station
number
3919
5310
8125
000
3923
4810
8154
801
3925
0110
8295
700
3925
5210
8152
200
3925
5810
8151
500
3927
1210
8200
701
3929
1210
8193
200
3930
1510
8232
700
3930
4210
8274
000
3930
4210
8274
300
3931
1310
7550
301
3931
2610
7551
001
3931
2810
7554
901
393131107555501
3931
3310
7551
201
3935
3610
7542
800
3936
5610
8573
201
3937
1010
8022
401
3937
1910
8004
100
3937
2010
8004
000
3937
5210
8123
300
3937
5210
8251
100
3938
0910
8131
000
3938
4210
8330
301
Date
of
sa
mple
77-1
2-07
78-0
3-09
75-0
8-06
75-08-06
75-08-06
74-1
1-14
74-11-14
74-11-14
74-11-14
74-11-14
78-06-02
79-0
4-10
79-07-06
79-04-10
78-0
6-02
78-0
6-02
78-06-02
79-04-10
79-07-06
75-0
9-17
78-09-26
78-09-26
75-0
9-17
75-0
9-17
77-04-20
77-04-20
75-0
9-17
77-0
4-20
Magne-
sium
, di
s-
solved
(mg/L)
160
110 48 80 210
100 41 39 46 44 69 85 83 150 46 100 65 80 68 21 19 23 21 23 25 27 25 23
Sodi
um,
dis-
solved
(mg/L)
400
310 66 120
430
340 70 67 73 76 150
140
210
420 98 680
100
180
130 21 26 43 33 41 47 48 50 33
Percent
sodium
46 37 27 33 45 53 31 33 32 34 39 29 44 42 40 72 33 36 38 16 20 28 25 29 30 30 31 24
Sodium
adso
rp-
tion
rati
o
5.5
4.1
1.5
2.3
5.6
6.0
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.9
3.0
2.3
3.9
5.3
2.4
13 2.1 3.0
2.7 .6 .8 1.3
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.0
Potas-
sium
, di
s-
solved
(mg/L)
5.0
14 1.0 3.8
7.9
4.1
2.2
2.8
2.9
3.0
5.0
6.4
11 11 2.0
10 3.0 5.7
3.9
1.0 .4 .8 .7
1.0
1.3 .8 .8 .6
Bicar-
bona
te,
fiel
d (mg/L)
570
170
440
500
600
680
420
400
420
390
270
270 -- 700
230
530
210 -- -- 320
290
330
290
300
320
340
340
280
Alka-
1 inity,
field
(mg/L)
470
140
357
413
490
557
341
328
348
318
240
220
210
570
210
540
190
220
190
261
240
270
246
252
260
280
276
230
Carb
on
dioxide,
dis-
so
lved
(m
g/L) __ 1.4
5.5
10 6.0 4.3
1.0 .6
5.4
3.9
1.1 -- 1.3 -- .7 1.1 .8 -- 1.1
1.6
1.2
1.7 .9 .9
4.0
1.7
3.4
2.8
Sulf
ate,
dis-
solved
(mg/
L)
1,300
1,500
150
300
1,400
760
110 97 130
150
490
840
820
1,500
270
1,300
410
800
490 15 21 49 29 46 76 67 70 52
Chlo-
ride
, di
s-
solv
ed
(mg/
L)
28 16 2.2 9.0
18 10 12 7.2 4.8
4.0
11 5.3 8.9
11 2.3 5.3
1.9
2.7
1.9
1.6
1.4
2.4
1.7
2.5
2.5
3.5
1.0
1.8
Table
6.--Analyses of w
ater
-qua
lity
samples co
llec
ted
at m
isce
llan
eous su
rfac
e-wa
ter
sites--Continued
PO
PO
Site
nu
mber
on
plat
e 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Stat
ion
number
3919
5310
8125
000
3923
4810
8154
801
392501108295700
3925
5210
8152
200
3925
5810
8151
500
3927
1210
8200
701
392912108193200
3930
1510
8232
700
3930
4210
8274
000
3930
4210
8274
300
3931
1310
7550
301
3931
2610
7551
001
3931
2810
7554
901
3931
3110
7555
501
3931
3310
7551
201
3935
3610
7542
800
3936
5610
8573
201
3937
1010
8022
401
3937
1910
8004
100
3937
2010
8004
000
3937
5210
8123
300
3937
5210
8251
100
3938
0910
8131
000
3938
4210
8330
301
Date
of
samp
le
77-1
2-07
78-0
3-09
75-0
8-06
75-08-06
75-0
8-06
74-11-14
74-11-14
74-11-14
74-11-14
74-11-14
78-0
6-02
79-0
4-10
79-0
7-06
79-0
4-10
78-0
6-02
78-0
6-02
78-0
6-02
79-0
4-10
79-0
7-06
75-0
9-17
78-0
9-26
78-0
9-26
75-0
9-17
75-0
9-17
77-0
4-20
77-0
4-20
75-0
9-17
77-0
4-20
Fluo-
ride,
dis-
solved
(mg/L)
.70
.90
.30
.60
.80
.40
.80
.90
.60
.20
1.0 .80 --
2.6 .60
4.9
1.0 .70 -- .10
.10
.40
.20
.20
.20
.40
.20
.30
Sili
ca,
dis-
solved
(mg/L)
14 11 20 19 7.9
13 17 17 16 15 14 9.7 --
11 14 9.7
15 9.8
17 16 17 16 18 16 10 17 13
Sol id
s,
sum
of
constit-
uents,
dis-
solved
(mg/L)
2,34
02,
330
580
863
2,48
0
1,65
0522
483
541
539
983
1,38
0 --2,
710
627
2,57
0793
1,36
0 295
284
360
308
341
383
380
388
315
Soli
ds,
dis-
solved
(tons
per
day)
14.7 .63
1.3
4.4 .13 -- -- -- -- -- .53
3.8 .02
.80
.51
.35
.43
2.9 .02
.08
.20 -- .90
.48
2.1 .38 -- .69
Soli
ds,
dis-
solved
(ton
s per
acre
-ft)
3.2
3.2 .79
1.2
3.4
2.2 .71
.66
.74
.73
1.3
1.9
2.1
4.0 .85
3.5
1.1
1.9
1.3 .40
.39
.49
.42
.46
.52
.51
.53
.43
Nitr
o-
gen,
N0
2+N0
3 dis-
solved
(mg/
L)
.54
9.3 .10
1.1 .02
.58
.89
.39
.76
.18
3.7
4.8 --
2.5
2.3
4.9
3.7
4.6 -- .12
.31
.05
.06
.02
.20
.16
.08
.81
Phos
- phorus,
orth
o,
dis-
solv
ed
(mg/L)
Tabl
e 6.
--An
alys
es of
wa
ter-
qual
ity
samp
les
coll
ecte
d at m
isce
llan
eous
surf
ace-
wate
r sites Continued
Ki
CO
Site
numb
er
on
plate
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Station
numb
er
391953108125000
3923
4810
8154
801
392501108295700
392552108152200
392558108151500
3927
1210
8200
701
3929
1210
8193
200
3930
1510
8232
700
393042108274000
3930
4210
8274
300
3931
1310
7550
301
3931
2610
7551
001
3931
2810
7554
901
3931
3110
7555
501
3931
3310
7551
201
3935
3610
7542
800
3936
5610
8573
201
3937
1010
8022
401
393719108004100
393720108004000
393752108123300
393752108251100
393809108131000
3938
4210
8330
301
Date
of
sample
77-1
2-07
78-0
3-09
75-0
8-06
75-0
8-06
75-0
8-06
74-1
1-14
74-11-14
74-11-14
74-1
1-14
74-11-14
78-0
6-02
79-04-
1079-07-06
79-04-
1078-0
6-02
78-0
6-02
78-0
6-02
79-0
4-10
79-0
7-06
75-0
9-17
78-0
9-26
78-0
9-26
75-0
9-17
75-0
9-17
77-0
4-20
77-0
4-20
75-0
9-17
77-0
4-20
Boron,
dis-
solved
(pg/L)
260 60 160
510
290
190
240
170
120
330
250
390
980
140
1,60
0310
240
340
Table 6. --Analyses of water-quality samples collected at miscellaneous surface-water sites--Continued
Site number
on plate
1
12345
6789
10
11
1213
1415
16
1718192021
222324
Station number
391953108125000392348108154801392501108295700392552108152200392558108151500
392712108200701392912108193200393015108232700393042108274000393042108274300
393113107550301
393126107551001393128107554901
393131107555501393133107551201
393536107542800
393656108573201393710108022401393719108004100393720108004000393752108123300
393752108251100393809108131000393842108330301
Date of
sample
77-12-0778-03-0975-08-0675-08-0675-08-06
74-11-1474-11-1474-11-1474-11-1474-11-14
78-06-0279-04-1079-07-0679-04-1078-06-02
78-06-0278-06-0279-04-1079-07-0675-09-17
78-09-2678-09-2675-09-1775-09-1777-04-20
77-04-2075-09-1777-04-20
Manga- nese, dis- solved (ug/L)
8020
Tabl
e 7 .--Taxa
and de
nsit
ies
of benthic invertebrates, per
square me
ter,
co
llec
ted
from s
ites
in Ro
an C
reek
and Par
achu
te Cr
eek
basins
[Densities are
rounded
to st
anda
rd si
gnif
ican
t figures
(Greeson and
othe
rs,
1977)]
West
Fork Pa
rach
ute
Cree
k, site 1
(shown on
pi. 1)
TAXA
PHYL
UM
CLAS
S Or
der
Fami
ly
Genu
s species
Samp
ling
Date
May
Sept
. Nov.
June
Oct.
May
Oct.
Ap
r.
1977
*1
977
1977
19
78
1978
19
79
1979
1980
ARTHROPODA
INSECTA
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Help
horu
s sp
.-- ---------
----
---
Optioservus
sp. --
----
----
----
- 18
Diptera
(True
flies)
Arct
o-co
ncha
pelo
pia
sp.-- -
---
Calopsectra
sp. ------------
7Cory
noneura
sp. --
----
----
- --
HCricotopus sp.
1
3,10
0C.
sp
. 2
18C.
sp.
4---
----
----
----
----
--'"
---
Diam
esa
sp.
1
200
D. sp.
2
Dicr
anot
a sp
.---
-- ----------
---
Dixa
Sp
. ----------- - -- --
---
Empididae
Eukiefferiella sp.
1
E. sp
. 2
18E.
sp
. 3
E. sp.
4
Euparyphus sp.---- ---
----
- 4
11 18 240 18
100 43
712
0 14 ---
100 4
25
---
HO 68
32 22 11 147 22
711
0 90 100 22 4 4 32 29 25
Table
7.--Taxa an
d dens
itie
s of ben
thic
invertebrates, per
squa
re m
eter
, co
llec
ted
from si
tes
in R
oan
Creek
and
Para
chut
e Cr
eek basins--Continued
West Fo
rk Parachute
Cree
k, site 1
(shown on
pi. 1)
TAXA
Sa
mpli
ng D
ate
PHYLUM
CLASS
May
Sept.
Nov.
Ju
ne
Oct.
May
Oct.
Ap
r.
Orde
r 1977
11977
1977
1978
1978
1979
1979
1980
Family
Genus
species
ARTHRO
PODA
Con
tinu
ed
INSE
CTA--Continued
Dipter
a (True
flies)--Continued
Heme
rodr
omia
sp.
----
----
----
--
75
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
Hexa
toma
sp
.---
-- - - ---
29
4
29
4 4
18
Limnophora aequifrons --
-
---
-
---
-
-
25L. sp
. 1
11
14
25L.
sp. 2 - -- - -
-
22Metriocnemus sp.--------------
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
65Mi
crop
sect
ra sp.------- ---
--
---
---
H
4 --
- --
- --
- --
-Odontomesa sp.-------------
---
18
---
---
---
---
---
---
Orth
ocladius sp
. 1
72
4
7 4
Palp
omyi
a sp
.---
----
----
----
--
---
---
---
7 14
---
---
Pent
aneura sp. - - --
54
---
-
-
Peri
coma
sp.-------------- --
---
---
---
---
---
---
H
---
Podonominae
22
Polypedilum
sp.-
----
----
----
--
---
-
4 4
---
---
---
---
Pros
imul
ium sp
. --
---
----
--
4,10
0 --
- 100
7 --
- -
---
---
Simulium sp.
5,000
4 380
1,30
0Syndiamesa orientalis---------
72
-
---
---
---
---
---
~-~
Tany
tars
us sp.------ ---
- --
---
---
---
---
---
---
-
4Th
ienemanniella
sp.-
----
----
--
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
25Ti
pula
sp
.-~-
----
----
----
----
- 7
-
-
-
-
4
Tabl
e 7.-
-Tax
a an
d densities
of benthic invertebrates, pe
r square me
ter,
co
llec
ted
from sites
in R
oan
Cree
k an
d Pa
rach
ute
Creek Jbasins Continued
West
Fo
rk Parachute
Creek, site 1
(shown on
pi.
1)
TAXA
PHYLUM
CLASS
Orde
r Family
Genus
spec
ies
Samp
ling
Date
May
1977
Sept.
Nov.
19
77Ju
ne
1978
Oct.
1978
May
1979
Oct.
1979
Apr.
1980
ARTH
ROPO
DA C
onti
nued
INSECTA Continued
Ephe
mero
pter
a (Mayflies)
Baet
is sp
.---
----
------- --
Ciny
gmul
a sp.--- --------- -
isrvj
Ep
eoru
s gr
andi
s- ---
----
-- -
22^
Ephemerella
sp.- - ---------
29Para
leptophlebia sp. ----
---
Plecop
tera
(S
tone
flie
s)
Amph
inemura banks!-- ----- -
Capn
ia sp.---- -
----
----
----
-Chloroperlidae
150
Isoperla fu
sca-
--- ----- ---
I. qu
inqu
epun
ctat
a---
----
-
18I.
sp.- --- -------------
Para
capn
ia an
gula
ta -
----
----
--
-Pr
osto
ia besametsa---------
---
-"
Pteronarcella
badi
a ---------
---
Zapada cinctipes---- ---
----
- ---
Trichoptera
(Cad
disf
lies
) Br
achy
cent
rus
americanus------
---
Glos
soso
ma sp
.-- - --------
120
65 14 65
5,50
0 11 130 36 29 18
1,60
0 2,
600
150
4
220 90 210
160
4 14
320
18
Tabl
e 7.
--Ta
xa an
d densities
of benthic invertebrates, per
square meter, co
llec
ted
from si
tes
in R
oan
Cree
k an
d Pa
rach
ute
Cree
k basins Continued
ro
oo
West F
TAXA
PHYLUM
CLASS
Orde
rFami
lyGenu
s species
ARTH
ROPO
DA Continued
INSECTA Con
tinu
edTrichoptera
(Cad
disf
lies) Conti
Eydropsyche
sp.
1---
---
-- -
Rhya
cophila
acro
pede
s - --
Total
Numb
er of taxa
Water-quality
measuremen
tsTe
mper
atur
e (°
Ce
lsiu
s)Specific co
nduc
tanc
e(micromhos per
cent
imet
erat
25°
Celsius)
pH (u
nits
)
ork
Para
chut
e Creek, site 1
May
Sept.
Nov.
1977
X1977
1977
nued
4 14
8,100
750
23
17f ^J
_L. /
10.0
11.5
5.5
800
1,060
1,00
08.3
7.8
8.4
(shown
Samp
l
June
1978
o cn
ooU 12
10.0 840
8.2
on pi
. 1)
ing
Date
Oct.
1978 11 4
11,000 i f
t10 6.5
640
8.4
May
Oct.
Apr.
1979
1979
1980 14 4
12
2,500
5,30
00
1 Q
OO
O
JLJ
£.0
8.0
7.0
11.0
725
810
1,340
8.4
8.2
8.2
Diss
olve
d ox
ygen
(mil
ligr
ams
per
lite
r)7.8
8.0
8.7
10.4
9.8
Table
7.--Taxa an
d de
nsit
ies
of benthic invertebrates, per
squa
re m
eter
, co
llec
ted
from s
ites
in R
oan
Creek
and
Para
chut
e Creek ba
sins
- -
Middle
Fo
rk Parachute
Cree
k, site 2
(shown on
pi.
1)
TAXA
Sampling Date
PHYL
UM
CLASS
Orde
r Family
Genu
s sp
ecie
s
May
1977
Sept.
1977
Nov.
*197
7Ju
ne
1978
Oct.
1978
May
1979
Oct.
1979
Apr.
1980
ARTHROPODA
ARACHNOI
DEA
Hydr
acar
ina
(Wat
er m
ites)
Sperchonidae- -
4
INSECTA
Cole
optera
(Beetles)
Agabus sp
. ------- -- ---
----
---
Opti
oser
vus
sp. -
14
Zait
zevi
a sp.--- -- -
-
Diptera
(True
flies)
Antocha
sp.-- -- ---
- --
-
Arc to
- conchape lopia sp.--- --
- Ca
lops
ectr
a sp.- ---
-- _
^3C
oryn
onet
zra
sp. ---
----
-- --
11Cricotopus sp.
1- - -- --
360
C. sp
. 2
C. sp
. 4~- - ------- ---
---
-
Diamesa
sp.
1---
--
- D.
sp.
2 39
Dicr
anot
a sp.--- ---
-- - --
Empididae- -
-
Eukiefferiella sp.
I --------
39E.
sp
. 2 ---------- - -------
61 7 -- 14 7 4 4 7
18 4 22 22
50 11 39 4 11 11 757
22 140
150 7 61 25 210
Tabl
e 7 .-
-Tax
a and
dens
itie
s of
ben
thic
invertebrates, pe
r sq
uare
meter,
coll
ecte
d from s
ites
in Roan C
reek
and
Par
achu
te Creek ba
sins
- -C
onti
Midd
le Fo
rk P
arachute Creek, si
te 2
(sho
wn on
pi.
1)
TAXA
Sa
mpli
ng D
ate
PHYLUM
CLASS
May
Sept.
Nov.
Ju
ne
Oct.
Ma
y Oc
t.
Apr.
Or
der
1977
1977
*197
7 1978
1978
1979
1979
1980
Fami
ly
Genus
spec
ies
ARTHROPODA Conti nued
INSECTA
Cont
inue
d Diptera
(Tru
e flies) Continued
E. sp
. 3
190
E. sp
. 6
22u>
Euparyphus sp. -
7 -
-
-
-
-
4 14
0
Heli
us sp. - - - --
22He
mero
drom
ia sp
.
4 -
-
-
-
-
Hexa
toma
sp.---- "
7 --
- -
-
-"
32
4Limnop
hila sp
. 2
22
Limn
ophora sp. - -
11
-
-
"-
~
4Micropsectra sp
.--
-
-
4 -"
-
4 7
Odonto
mesa sp.--------------
270
-
-
-
Orthocladius sp
. I-
----
----
---
---
---
---
---
---
4
0. sp
. 3
-
-
4Pentaneura sp
.- -
32
-
Peri
coma
sp
.~ - -
-
-"
-
-
7 --
- 7
Polypedilum
sp.
-
-
-
4
Procladius sp.-
4
---
-
-
Pros
imul
ium
sp.-
-
-
-
440
-
Protoplasa sp
.- -
-
-
-
-
""-
4 -
Simu
lium
sp.
11
7 39
0
510
110
Syndia
mesa or
ient
alis -
83
4 -
---
-
-
-
36Th
iene
mann
iell
a sp
.
4
7
Tabl
e 7.--Taxa an
d densities
of ben
thic
invertebrates, per
squa
re meter, co
llec
ted
from si
tes
in R
oan
Cree
k and Pa
rach
ute
Creek
basi
ns--Continued
Midd
le Fo
rk Parachute
Cree
k, site 2
(shown on
pi. 1)
TAXA
Sampling Date
PHYLUM
CLASS
May
Sept.
Nov.
June
Oct.
May
Oct.
Apr.
Or
der
1977
1977
11977
1978
1978
1979
1979
1980
Fami
ly
Genus
species
ARTH
ROPO
DA C
onti
nued
INSECTA
Cont
inue
d Diptera
(Tru
e flies) Continued
Tipu
la s
p.- ---- --
-
22
---
4
4 47
Ephe
meroptera
(Mayflies)
Baet
is sp.
14
1,80
0 4
6,30
0 660
Cinygmula sp.
310
7 72
11
97
3,800
Epeo
rus sp.
110
1,50
0Ephemerella
flav
ina-
- -
29
---
-
-
-
-
£. sp.
32Pa
rale
ptop
hleb
ia sp.
-
---
18
-
-
4Rh
ithr
ogen
a sp.-- - ----
---
---
7 -
---
Tric
oryt
hode
s fallax --
-
-
-
-
-
"
7 --
-
Plec
opte
ra (Stoneflies)
Capnia sp
.-- - ---
-- --
--_
---
-
-
72
---
-
---
Chloroperlidae
200
7
7
7 110
Isoperla fu
sca-
-
-
---
-
-
---
4
340
I. qu
inqu
epun
ctat
a- - -
-
61
---
"-
4
-
110
I. sp
. i-
----
----
----
----
----
- __
_ __
_ __
_ __
_ __
_ __
_ __
_ 12
0I. sp
. 2~- - - - - --
---
""-
~
"
4Nemoura
cata
ctae
--- ---- --
4 -
-
-
---
---
Paracapnia angulata- --
---
---
~-~
-
""~
240
---
Perl
esta
placida - -- ---
-
-
-"
-
-"
7
Tabl
e 7.--Taxa an
d densities
of b
enthic invertebrates, per
square m
eter,
coll
ecte
d from s
ites
in R
oan
Creek
and Pa
rach
ute
Cree
k ha
s ins--
Middle
Fork Pa
rach
ute
Creek, si
te 2
(sho
wn on
pi.
1)
TAXA
Sampling Da
te
PHYLUM
CLASS
Orde
r Family
Ge
nus
spec
ies
May
1977
Sept
. 1977
Nov.
X197
7Ju
ne
1978
Oct.
1978
May
1979
Oct.
1979
Apr.
19
80
00 ro
ARTH
ROPO
DA C
onti
nued
INSECTA Continued
Plecop
tera
(Stonef1ies) Con
tinued
Pros
toia b
esametsa- ----- --
---
Pter
onar
cell
a badia-----------
---
Utacap
nia
sp.-------- -------
---
Zapa
da cinctipes-- ----------
---
Tric
hopt
era
(Caddisflies)
Brac
hyce
ntru
s americanus----
140
Glossosoma sp.------ -- --
130
Hydrop
syche
sp. 1- -- --
Lepidostoma
sp.-
- ----- ----
32Neothremma sp
.--
----
----
----
--
7Rh
yaco
phil
a acropedes-
------
--
4
Total
2,00
0 Nu
mber
of
taxa
29
4 29 11
18 47 7 18 36
15 3630 19
2,500 16
23 47,700 33
7 14 4 50 4 4
7,70
0 32
co CO
Tabl
e 7.--Taxa
and de
nsit
ies
of benthic invertebrates, per
square me
ter,
co
llec
ted
from sites
in Ro
an C
reek
and Pa
rach
ute
Creek basins-'Continued
Midd
le
TAXA
PHYLUM
CLASS
Orde
rFamily
Genu
s species
Wate
r-qu
alit
y measurements
Temp
erat
ure
(° Celsius)
Specific conductance
(mic
romh
os per
cent
imet
er
at 25°
Celsius)
pH (u
nits
)
Fork Parachute
Cree
k
May
1977 9.5
890
8.4
Sept.
1977
14.0
1,020
8.3
, site 2
Nov.
X197
7
6.0
970
8.2
(shown on
Samp
l ing
June
19
78
10.0 680
8.5
pl.
1)
Date
Oct.
1978 8.0
840
8.3
May
1979 7.5
580
8.4
Oct.
Apr.
19
79
1980
10.0
11.5
915
850
8.1
8.3
Diss
olve
d oxygen
(mil
ligr
ams
per
liter)
6.4
8.4
8.5
8.9
9.2
9.7
Table
7. Tax
a an
d dens
itie
s of
benthic in
vert
ebra
tes,
per
squa
re m
eter
, collected
from
sit
esin
Roa
n Cr
eek and Parachute
Creek basins- -C
ontinued
East Fo
rk P
arac
hute
Creek, si
te 3
(shown on p
i. 1)
TAXA
PHYLUM
CLASS
Orde
r Fa
mi ly
Genus
spec
ies
Samp
ling
Date
May
Sept.
Nov.
June
Oct.
May
Oct.
Apr.
1977
1977
*1
977
1978
1978
1979
1979
19
80
ARTH
ROPO
DA
ARAC
HNOI
DEA
Hydracarina
(Water m
ites
) Sp
erchonidae
4
INSE
CTA
Cole
opte
ra (Beetles)
Heli
chus
sp.-- ---- -
- Hy
grot
us sp
. --
----
----
--- - -
---
Optioservus
sp. - - ---
Dipter
a (T
rue
flies)
Arcto-conchapelopia
sp.-
Atrichopogon s
p.- - - - --
-
-
Calo
psec
tra
sp. --
----
----
-----
530
Corynoneura
sp.-
110
Cricotopus sp,
1
2,90
0C.
sp.
2
C. sp.
4- -
~ C.
sp
. 5
Diamesa
sp.
2 -----------------
57Di
cran
ota
sp.-
Dixa
sp.
Empi
dida
e
Eukief
feriella sp
. I - ---
54E.
sp
. 2
11 32 -- 2511
22 - 7
7 57 4 4 7 18
11
120
22
68
50
54
14
Tabl
e 7.
--Ta
xa and de
nsit
ies
of benthic invertebrates, per
squa
re me
ter,
co
llec
ted
from sites
in Ro
an C
reek
and
Par
achu
te Cr
eek basins Continued
East Fo
rk P
arac
hute
Cr
eek,
site 3
(shown on p
i. 1)
TAXA
Samp
ling
Da
te
PHYL
UMCLASS
May
Sept
. Nov.
June
Oct.
May
Oct.
Ap
r.
Orde
r 1977
1977
X197
7 1978
1978
1979
1979
1980
Family
Ge
nus
species
ARTHROPODA--Continued
INSECTA Continued
Diptera
(Tru
e flies)--Continued
E. sp
. 3
-
---
54E. sp
. 6 -- -
---
---
7
---
---
^
Euparyphus sp. - ---
---
---
4 -
-
4 --
- 4
701
Heme
rodr
omia
sp. -- -----
54
---
---
---
---
-
---
---
Hexa
toma
sp
. 1
14
4
25
22
18Limnophila sp
. --
----
----
----
---
---
---
7 ---
---
---
---
Limn
ophora sp
.---
---
----
----
4
---
---
-
-
---
4 --
-Me
trio
cnem
us Sp.-
----
----
----
- ---
---
---
---
---
---
H
---
Micr
opsectra sp. ------------
---
-
---
---
---
---
---
47Od
ontomesa sp.----------------
7 ---
-
-
---
---
---
Orthocladinae-
93
---
-
---
Pa
lpom
yia sp. - -
4 ---
-
4
---
-
---
Pentaneura sp
.---
----
- -
18
4 -
---
---
---
---
Peri
coma
sp
.---
----
---
----
--
---
---
---
---
H
4 H
---
Pros
imul
ium sp
.---
----
---
~~-
---
---
---
93
~~-
---
---
---
Simulium sp.
180
1,000
980
240
Syndia
znes
a or
ient
al is-
----
- -
-
4 ---
-
---
---
---
47Thiene
manniella
sp.-
----
----
--
---
---
---
4 ---
---
---
29Tipula sp
.- --
---
4 --
- 11
4
Ephe
mero
pter
a (Mayflies)
Amel
etus
sp.------ ----------
-
---
---
---
-
---
-
14Ba
etis
sp.
32
75
72
2,200
2,90
0 820
Tabl
e 7.
--Ta
xa an
d de
nsit
ies
of benthic in
vert
ebra
te s,
per
squa
re me
ter,
co
llec
ted
from
sites
in Ro
an Creek
and Pa
rach
ute
Creek ba
sins
- -
East Fork P
arachute Creek, site 3
(sho
wn on
pi.
1)
TAX A
Sa
mpli
ng Date
PHYL
UMCLASS
May
Sept.
Nov.
June
Oc
t.
May
Oct.
Apr.
Orde
r 19
77
1977
*1977
1978
1978
1979
1979
19
80
Family
Genus
species
ARTHROPODA--Conti nu
ed
INSECTA Continued
Ephe
mero
pter
a (Mayflies)--Continued
Ciny
gmul
a sp.
4 4
47
29
130
3,80
0Dr
unel
la sp
.---
----
---
------
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
4Epeorus
gran
dis-
---- ------
---
---
---
14
---
---
---
4,30
0E.
sp
.
4
4Ephemerella
margarita-
----
----
-
-
---
---
---
---
---
22E.
prosepina-----
----- ----
---
22
---
---
---
---
---
---
E. sp
.--~
------------- ----
---
4 --
- 25
--
- --
- --
- --
-
Paraleptophlebia sp
.
18
90
810
Para
mele
tus
sp.-
----
-- ---
- --
- --
- --
- --
- --
- -
---
810
Plecop
tera
(S
tone
flie
s)Capnia sp.---- --------------
---
-
---
-
90
---
---
---
Chloroperlidae
25
7
4 47
Isop
erla
fu
sca-
- --------- -
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
290
I. qu
inqu
epun
ctat
a-------- --
---
---
---
7 --
- --
- 310
---
I. sp.
97
18Nemour
a ve
nust
a- ---
-- ---
--
---
7 -
---
---
---
---
Para
capn
ia an
gula
ta--
- ------
---
-
---
---
-
---
65
---
Perl
esta
placida----------
----
-
-
-
---
4 -
-
Pictetia ex
pans
a---
--- ------
---
-
---
7 --
- --
- --
-Pteron
arce
lla
badia
18
32
4 4
11Zapada
cinctipes--- - --
79
---
-
---
7 --
- 18
---
Tabl
e 7.
--Ta
xa and
densities
of ben
thic
invertebrates, pe
r squar