Hydrogen InfrastructureFor the Rail Network

Ian WilliamsonAir ProductsJune 2008

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Today’s Presentation

Who are Air ProductsTransition to HydrogenCentral vs LocalHydrogen Infrastructure InnovationInitial ConceptsSummary

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Leadership in Hydrogen Fuel Infrastructure

Worlds largest producer of merchant hydrogen ~50% shareOur capacity ~1.75 million TPYCould support 7-8 million vehicles Active since 1993

– Built over 85 hydrogen station projects

– Over 55,000 fuelings– in 14 countries

Strong and broad IP position.

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Infrastructure TransitionProvide technologies which have utility today while positioning for the futureFocus on a regional model with abundant H2 and population.Focus on mass transit in other urban areas.Future Hydrogen Infrastructure will include:

– Pipeline delivered hydrogen similar to NG – Multiple feed sources of hydrogen from:

• Biomass• Geothermal• Wind• Solar• Nuclear• Coal• Methane reforming

– Delivered or distributed product in the outlying areas

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Timeline for Transition

Validation

National InfrastructureMajor Network Tie-ins

InterconnectivityInitiate Regional connections

Via pipelineIntroduce Commercial

RenewableCoal

NuclearRegional DemoSelected cities

Mass Transit, Fleets, industrial and mini grid demos

Regional ExpansionTie-in Major Cities

PipelinesAlternative H2 Demo

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

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Hydrogen Sourcing

Central Production

DistributedProduction

Fuel StationDistribution

Natural Gas,Propane,Methanol,Feedstocks

Hydrogen

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Why Rail?AP product portfolio developed over the last 15 years via different applicationsSpecific products allow us access to high flow markets

– Space– Submarines– Buses– Large scale passenger vehicle fuelling

Rail and air transport are the natural progression for supply by these productsKey Requirement:

Pure Liquid or Gaseous H2 in large quantities at high flows

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Large volume, fast fuelling experience:Space – NASA and Arianne

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Large volume, fast fuelling experience:Submarine Fuelling – Various Navies

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Large volume, fast fuelling experience:Bus Supply – TfL, VTA & others

Air Products awarded a couple of months agoFuelling of 10 buses for 5 years in LondonLHY supply via a novel supply concept trailer

– HYDRA

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Typical Layout:Large volume, fast fuelling

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Make the application fit the infrastructure…?

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Innovation:The Key to Success

Air Products philosophy innovate each step in the supply chainCombine and develop from standard industrial productsBring niche, short term products to market for market developmentFull component development and supportFull company and country/region safety compliance

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The LHY Plant: Rotterdam

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LNG/LHY integration - technologyFlue gas

H2 Plant

LNG Tank

Liquid H2

Gaseous H2

LNG

Gaseous NG

Air

Gaseous NG

Patented Technology

Gaseous NG

Power

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The Future….Cryogenic gas production has already been integrated with LNG production in France and JapanAir Products sees such integration as a primary route to achieve low cost liquefied hydrogenThe technology for hydrogen has not been done before but the principles will be the sameThere are two main issues:

– Size of plant to build• Pilot plants start at c. 30MT/D

– existing world scale LHY plant• Full scale c. 300MT/D

– Suppliers/vendors capable of providing the necessary components

We anticipate such plants can be built and we are looking at possible locations

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The Compressor: Cryogenic Hydrogen Pump

Standard equipment with a long history of operation in industrial settingsTried and testedHigh level of reliabilityInternally built by Air Products

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The Tank:Station storage of the future?

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Underground Storage Tanks

Shell Benning Road installationWorld first installation Helped to develop installation codesHas the potential to reduce safety distancesHelps with overall layout of the stationEliminates industrial look

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Underground Storage TanksDirect buried

– Inaccessible secondary containment

Double walled designNationally recognized codes2 ft below surfaceSafety features

– Relief & vent systems– Remote operated shut

off valves– Corrosion control

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Gaseous Systems:Rotterdam Gaseous H2 Pipeline System

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Air Products LA Basin Hydrogen Pipeline

BP CARS

ON

BP CARS

ON

EXXONMOBIL

TORRANCE

EXXONMOBIL

TORRANCE

SHELL WILMINGTON

SHELL WILMINGTON

DOMINGUEZCHANNELDOMINGUEZCHANNEL

VALERO WILMINGTON

VALERO WILMINGTON

SHELLSHELL

ARTESIA BEACH FRWY.ARTESIA BEACH FRWY.

PHILLIPSWILMINGTON

PHILLIPSWILMINGTON

PHILLIPS

CARSON

PHILLIPS

CARSON

110110110

1405

405

110

VAN NESSVAN NESSAVE.AVE.

SEPULVEDABLVD

SEPULVEDABLVD

ANAHEIM STREET

ANAHEIM STREET

91

710

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LONG BEACH ARPT.

LONG BEACH ARPT.

190th St.190th St.

CARSON H2

CARSON H2

WILMINGTON H2

WILMINGTON H2

AIR PRODUCTS FACILITYEXISTING H2 PIPELINE

~17 miles through urban areaoperate ~500 miles of H2 pipeline worldwide

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Gaseous Systems:Hydrogen Energy Station

Energy Station

H2 HCNGFeedstocks

Digester GasLandfill GasWastesEnergy CropsSyngas/Pyrolysis GasOils

BiogasNeighborhoods

BusinessesHeat

Commercial Industrial

Power

Heat

BiogasHydrogenPowerHeat

Fueling Station

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Initial LHy based HydRail Stations

Onsite

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SummaryAir Products wishes to participate in HydrailinnovationIts product portfolio means it is the market leader for large high flow requirementsAir Products’ participation in codes and standards development globally will lead to integrated safe systemsDifferent markets drive different areas of product development – rail can benefit from all this innovationRail Industry must fight for its share of EU funding for Hydrail innovation

Tell me more !

www.airproducts.com/H2energy