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2015
_0
Sede e Stab. Fraz . Valtreara, 8360040 GENGA (AN) - ITALY
Tel . +39.0732.90162Fax +39.0732.90348
e-mai l : info@nuovasima. i twww.nuovas ima. i t
M A G N E S I U M H Y D R O X I D E
H Y D R O F Y
HFFR cable compounds – POE polymers Typical HFFR cable prototype compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill. Final compound properties are reported below.
The application of POE (PolyOlefin Elastomers), also in combination with EVA grades, is a suitable method for improving overall mechanical performance of HYDROFY.
Flame retardant properties Flame retardant properties were evaluated by performing Cone Calorimeter tests on molded specimens (100x100x3 mm) subjected to an heat flux of 50 kW/m2. Applying POE polymers in place of EVA the total amount of filler has to be increased because POEs are intrinsically more flammable than EVA grades.
Anyway POEs highly filled with HYDROFY show better flame performance than EVA, while keeping very good mechanical properties.
Formulation based on POE / LLDPE
Hydrofy Mg(OH)2 ▶ Thermal stability:
> 300°C ▶ Heat adsorption:
1250 J/g ▶ High flame
retardant power ______________
HYDROFY is an Halogen-free flame retardant filler for all plastic and rubber applications A natural Magnesium Di-Hydroxide (MDH) produced from the mineral Brucite, through optimized milling technologies and suitable surface coatings for enhanced flame retardant properties
TGA - Thermogravimetric analysis
Magfy MgCO3 ▶ Thermal stability:
> 400°C ▶ Heat adsorption:
800 J/g ▶ Enhanced
extrudability ____________
MAGFY is an Halogen-free flame retardant filler for plastics and rubbers. A natural Magnesium Carbonate produced from the mineral Magnesite, with excellent processability in all compounds
TGA - Thermogravimetric analysis
Hydromix Mg(OH)2/MgCO3 ▶ Thermal stability:
> 300°C ▶ Heat adsorption:
1000 J/g ▶ Enhanced
extrudability
HYDROMIX is an Halogen-free flame retardant filler for plastics and rubbers. An optimized blend of Magnesium Di-Hydroxide and Carbonate for balancing flame retardant properties and processability
TGA - Thermogravimetric analysis
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(formulations in phr)
160160
160 180 20010
INGREDIENTS
mULDPE (metallocenic POE)(d=0,885 - MFI=1) 20
502010
0,52,0
0,52,0
70
20
MECHANICALPROPERTIES
TS (MPa)
E@B (%)
12,3
140
11,9
163
13,2
360
12,3
248
g/10 min
%O2
2,7
35
2,9
35
7,0
29
5,9
31
11,7
206
5,7
32
MELT FLOW(190°C/21.6 kg)
LOI
EVA (28% VA - MFI=3)LLDPE (d=0,92 - MFI=3)MA grafted ULDPEHYDROFY NG 2.5HYDROFY TV 2.5 ANTIOXIDANT SILICONIC LUBRICANT
HYDROFY HYDROFY
NG 2.5 TV 2.5 NG 2.5
POE + 180 phr of HYDROFY
POE + 200 phr of HYDROFY
EVA + 160 phr of HYDROFY
HYDROFY MAGFY HYDROMIX
G5 G 2.5 G 1.5
Typical values
Specific gravityBulk density (tapped)Specific surface area (BET)Median particle size (d50)Sieving residue at 44 m
g/cm3
g/cm3
m2/gmm%
2,360,706,0
6,000,10
2,360,588,0
2,80< 0,01
2,360,529,5
2,00< 0,01
2,900,899,0
2,70< 0,01
2,650,698,5
2,80< 0,01
UNITPROPERTIES
(formulations in phr)
160160
INGREDIENTS
EVA (28% VA - MFI=3)LLDPE (d=0,92 - MFI=3) MA grafted LLDPEMA grafted ULDPE Fine precipitated ATH (4 m2/g)HYDROFY NG 2.5 HYDROFY TV 2.5 ANTIOXIDANT SILICONIC LUBRICANT
7020
10
0,52,0
7020
108080
0,52,0
10
8080
10
10060
702010
160
0,52,0
MECHANICALPROPERTIES
TS (MPa)
E@B (%)
12,2
252
12,2
131
11,5
152
12,2
167
10,9
190
g/10 min
%O2
9,7
39
5,2
37
5,5
37
8,2
37
7,4
37
11,6
200
9,1
38
MELT FLOW(190°C/21.6 kg)
LOI
ATH HYDROFY ATH / HYDROFY blends
NG 2.5 TV 2.5 NG 2.5
Physical properties of flame retardant fillers
Particle size distributions (sedimentation method)
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HFFR cable compounds – EVA polymers Typical HFFR cable prototype compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill.
Final compound properties are reported below, in comparison with a fine synthetic Aluminium TriHydroxide (ATH).
Flame retardant properties Flame retardant properties were evaluated by performing Cone Calorimeter tests on molded specimens (100x100x3 mm), subjected to an heat flux of 50 kW/m2. It is known from scientific literature that, especially in the case of HFFR compounds, there is generally a poor correlation between LOI values and pRHR (peak of Rate of Heat Release).
Cone Calorimeter test is more reliable than LOI for predicting actual behavior of compounds in standard cable fire tests (such as IEC 60332). Flame retardant performance of HYDROFY is comparable with that of a fine precipitated ATH, as reported in the graph below.
Formulation
based on
EVA / LLDPE
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HYDROFY G 1.5
HYDROFY G 2.5
HYDROFY G 5
MAGFY
HYDROMIXFine precipitated ATHHYDROFY NG 2.5HYDROFY TV 2.5
Chemical properties and applications Flame retardant effect of HYDROFY, MAGFY and HYDROMIX is based on the following endothermic decomposition reaction: T >300°C
Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O Heat adsorption = 1250 J/g T >400°C
MgCO3 MgO + CO2
Heat adsorption = 800 J/g These chemical reactions are strongly endothermic and release a stoichiometric amount of non-toxic and non-corrosive decomposition products. The combination of high heat adsorption with the release of flame extinguishing gases (water vapor
or carbon dioxide) is the well-known mechanism through which Magnesium Hydroxide and Magnesium Carbonate reduce the flame propagation of plastics and rubbers. Additionally, Magnesium Oxide (MgO) formed during combustion generates a hard and thermally insulating char which protects the under layers from further combustion. Thanks to their high thermal stability HYDROFY, MAGFY and HYDROMIX can be used in a wide variety of polymers including PVC, PE, EVA, TPO, PP, PS, PC, ABS, rubber and the like. The performance of flame retardant fillers is strongly related to a number of factors including: chemical purity, specific surface area, surface reactivity and particle size distribution. Nuova Sima has developed different types of chemical surface treatments especially designed for enhancing selected performances in specific applications.
PVC cable compounds Typical PVC cable prototype compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill. Final compound properties are reported below. HYDROFY, HYDROMIX and MAGFY contribute to flame retardant properties (increasing LOI) and act as very efficient smoke suppressant fillers.
Antimony Trioxide is a highly effective flame retardant for in PVC, but generates a huge amount of smoke. Low Smoke PVC compounds can be easily obtained by reducing Antimony Trioxide and replacing part of calcium carbonate with HYDROFY, HYDROMIX or MAGFY.
Smoke reduction Smoke emission of compounds were evaluated by performing Cone Calorimeter tests on molded specimens (100x100x3 mm), subjected to an heat flux of 50 kW/m2.
The effect of Nuova Sima fillers on smoke reduction have been tested in the formulation reported below.
Reduction of Sb2O3 in PVC cable compounds
LOI: 29 31 31 31 31
(formulations in phr)INGREDIENTS
PVC K70 DINP plasticizer Chlorinated paraffin (52% Cl) Ca/Zn stabilizer Stearic Acid Calcium Carbonate HYDROFY GS 1.5 Antimony Trioxide
100351541
50303,0
65154,5
35451,5
2060
none
80none6,0
LOI %O2 Hardness Shore A Thermal stability (200°C) min HCl emission %
33,0
90
63
17,4
32,5
90
68
19,0
31,5
89
60
17,7
29,0
90
65
21,0
33,0
90
68
19,4
A B C D E
HYDROFY G
HYDROFY GS
HYDROFY NG
HYDROFY TV
MAGFY
HYDROMIX
COATING MAIN FEATURES RECOMMENDED APPLICATION
UNCOATED
STEARIC ACID
PROPRIETARY COATING
SPECIALSILANE
UNCOATED
UNCOATED
General purpose base grade
High dispersibility
Excellent extrudability
Enhanced powder flowabilityLong storage stability
Balanced extrudability and flame retardant properties
Reduced moisture adsorptionImproved mechanical properties
Improved flame retardancyEnhanced powder flowability
Long storage stability
HFFR compounds based on PE, PP, EVA, EBA, TPO, POE, Elastomers
PVC and PP compounds
PVC compoundsRubber compounds
HFFR compounds based on PE, PP, EVA, EBA, TPO, POE, Elastomers
PVC compoundsRubber compounds
Highly filled HFFR compoundsSilicon Rubbers
Improved performance
Chemical properties and applications Flame retardant effect of HYDROFY, MAGFY and HYDROMIX is based on the following endothermic decomposition reaction: T >300°C
Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O Heat adsorption = 1250 J/g T >400°C
MgCO3 MgO + CO2
Heat adsorption = 800 J/g These chemical reactions are strongly endothermic and release a stoichiometric amount of non-toxic and non-corrosive decomposition products. The combination of high heat adsorption with the release of flame extinguishing gases (water vapor
or carbon dioxide) is the well-known mechanism through which Magnesium Hydroxide and Magnesium Carbonate reduce the flame propagation of plastics and rubbers. Additionally, Magnesium Oxide (MgO) formed during combustion generates a hard and thermally insulating char which protects the under layers from further combustion. Thanks to their high thermal stability HYDROFY, MAGFY and HYDROMIX can be used in a wide variety of polymers including PVC, PE, EVA, TPO, PP, PS, PC, ABS, rubber and the like. The performance of flame retardant fillers is strongly related to a number of factors including: chemical purity, specific surface area, surface reactivity and particle size distribution. Nuova Sima has developed different types of chemical surface treatments especially designed for enhancing selected performances in specific applications.
PVC cable compounds Typical PVC cable prototype compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill. Final compound properties are reported below. HYDROFY, HYDROMIX and MAGFY contribute to flame retardant properties (increasing LOI) and act as very efficient smoke suppressant fillers.
Antimony Trioxide is a highly effective flame retardant for in PVC, but generates a huge amount of smoke. Low Smoke PVC compounds can be easily obtained by reducing Antimony Trioxide and replacing part of calcium carbonate with HYDROFY, HYDROMIX or MAGFY.
Smoke reduction Smoke emission of compounds were evaluated by performing Cone Calorimeter tests on molded specimens (100x100x3 mm), subjected to an heat flux of 50 kW/m2.
The effect of Nuova Sima fillers on smoke reduction have been tested in the formulation reported below.
Reduction of Sb2O3 in PVC cable compounds
LOI: 29 31 31 31 31
(formulations in phr)INGREDIENTS
PVC K70 DINP plasticizer Chlorinated paraffin (52% Cl) Ca/Zn stabilizer Stearic Acid Calcium Carbonate HYDROFY GS 1.5 Antimony Trioxide
100351541
50303,0
65154,5
35451,5
2060
none
80none6,0
LOI %O2 Hardness Shore A Thermal stability (200°C) min HCl emission %
33,0
90
63
17,4
32,5
90
68
19,0
31,5
89
60
17,7
29,0
90
65
21,0
33,0
90
68
19,4
A B C D E
HYDROFY G
HYDROFY GS
HYDROFY NG
HYDROFY TV
MAGFY
HYDROMIX
COATING MAIN FEATURES RECOMMENDED APPLICATION
UNCOATED
STEARIC ACID
PROPRIETARY COATING
SPECIALSILANE
UNCOATED
UNCOATED
General purpose base grade
High dispersibility
Excellent extrudability
Enhanced powder flowabilityLong storage stability
Balanced extrudability and flame retardant properties
Reduced moisture adsorptionImproved mechanical properties
Improved flame retardancyEnhanced powder flowability
Long storage stability
HFFR compounds based on PE, PP, EVA, EBA, TPO, POE, Elastomers
PVC and PP compounds
PVC compoundsRubber compounds
HFFR compounds based on PE, PP, EVA, EBA, TPO, POE, Elastomers
PVC compoundsRubber compounds
Highly filled HFFR compoundsSilicon Rubbers
Improved performance
HYDROFY MAGFY HYDROMIX
G5 G 2.5 G 1.5
Typical values
Specific gravityBulk density (tapped)Specific surface area (BET)Median particle size (d50)Sieving residue at 44 m
g/cm3
g/cm3
m2/gmm%
2,360,706,0
6,000,10
2,360,588,0
2,80< 0,01
2,360,529,5
2,00< 0,01
2,900,899,0
2,70< 0,01
2,650,698,5
2,80< 0,01
UNITPROPERTIES
(formulations in phr)
160160
INGREDIENTS
EVA (28% VA - MFI=3)LLDPE (d=0,92 - MFI=3) MA grafted LLDPEMA grafted ULDPE Fine precipitated ATH (4 m2/g)HYDROFY NG 2.5 HYDROFY TV 2.5 ANTIOXIDANT SILICONIC LUBRICANT
7020
10
0,52,0
7020
108080
0,52,0
10
8080
10
10060
702010
160
0,52,0
MECHANICALPROPERTIES
TS (MPa)
E@B (%)
12,2
252
12,2
131
11,5
152
12,2
167
10,9
190
g/10 min
%O2
9,7
39
5,2
37
5,5
37
8,2
37
7,4
37
11,6
200
9,1
38
MELT FLOW(190°C/21.6 kg)
LOI
ATH HYDROFY ATH / HYDROFY blends
NG 2.5 TV 2.5 NG 2.5
Physical properties of flame retardant fillers
Particle size distributions (sedimentation method)
!"
#!"
$!"
%!"
&!"
'!"
(!"
)!"
*!"
+!"
#!!"
!,#"#"#!"#!!"
-./.012
34"/
155"6
4784
9:"
;<.=31049:"56>47=810"?=1/4:47"@A/B""
CDEFG"
HGIJKCLM"
HFFR cable compounds – EVA polymers Typical HFFR cable prototype compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill.
Final compound properties are reported below, in comparison with a fine synthetic Aluminium TriHydroxide (ATH).
Flame retardant properties Flame retardant properties were evaluated by performing Cone Calorimeter tests on molded specimens (100x100x3 mm), subjected to an heat flux of 50 kW/m2. It is known from scientific literature that, especially in the case of HFFR compounds, there is generally a poor correlation between LOI values and pRHR (peak of Rate of Heat Release).
Cone Calorimeter test is more reliable than LOI for predicting actual behavior of compounds in standard cable fire tests (such as IEC 60332). Flame retardant performance of HYDROFY is comparable with that of a fine precipitated ATH, as reported in the graph below.
Formulation
based on
EVA / LLDPE
!"
#!"
$!"
%!"
&!"
'!"
(!"
)!"
*!"
+!"
#!!"
!,#"#"#!"#!!"
-./
.012
34"/
155"6
4784
9:"
;<.=31049:"56>47=810"?=1/4:47"@A/B""
CDEFGHD"I"#J'"
CDEFGHD"I"$J'"
CDEFGHD"I"'"
HYDROFY G 1.5
HYDROFY G 2.5
HYDROFY G 5
MAGFY
HYDROMIXFine precipitated ATHHYDROFY NG 2.5HYDROFY TV 2.5
HFFR cable compounds – POE polymers Typical HFFR cable prototype compounds were prepared using a laboratory two-roll mill. Final compound properties are reported below.
The application of POE (PolyOlefin Elastomers), also in combination with EVA grades, is a suitable method for improving overall mechanical performance of HYDROFY.
Flame retardant properties Flame retardant properties were evaluated by performing Cone Calorimeter tests on molded specimens (100x100x3 mm) subjected to an heat flux of 50 kW/m2. Applying POE polymers in place of EVA the total amount of filler has to be increased because POEs are intrinsically more flammable than EVA grades.
Anyway POEs highly filled with HYDROFY show better flame performance than EVA, while keeping very good mechanical properties.
Formulation based on POE / LLDPE
Hydrofy Mg(OH)2 ▶ Thermal stability:
> 300°C ▶ Heat adsorption:
1250 J/g ▶ High flame
retardant power ______________
HYDROFY is an Halogen-free flame retardant filler for all plastic and rubber applications A natural Magnesium Di-Hydroxide (MDH) produced from the mineral Brucite, through optimized milling technologies and suitable surface coatings for enhanced flame retardant properties
TGA - Thermogravimetric analysis
Magfy MgCO3 ▶ Thermal stability:
> 400°C ▶ Heat adsorption:
800 J/g ▶ Enhanced
extrudability ____________
MAGFY is an Halogen-free flame retardant filler for plastics and rubbers. A natural Magnesium Carbonate produced from the mineral Magnesite, with excellent processability in all compounds
TGA - Thermogravimetric analysis
Hydromix Mg(OH)2/MgCO3 ▶ Thermal stability:
> 300°C ▶ Heat adsorption:
1000 J/g ▶ Enhanced
extrudability
HYDROMIX is an Halogen-free flame retardant filler for plastics and rubbers. An optimized blend of Magnesium Di-Hydroxide and Carbonate for balancing flame retardant properties and processability
TGA - Thermogravimetric analysis
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
("#
)""#
"# )""# *""# +""# !""# $""# %""# &""# '""# (""# )"""#
,-./01#234#
5-67-891:8-#2;<4#
!"#$%&'( !"$()('%'$(
!"*$+( !"$()(*$'(
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
("#
)""#
"# )""# *""# +""# !""# $""# %""# &""# '""# (""# )"""#
,-./01#234#
5-67-891:8-#2;<4#
!"#$%& !"$&'&#$(&
!"#
$"#
%"#
&"#
'"#
("#
)""#
"# )""# *""# +""# !""# $""# %""# &""# '""# (""# )"""#
,-./01#234#
5-67-891:8-#2;<4#
!"#$%&'( !"$()('%'$(
(formulations in phr)
160160
160 180 20010
INGREDIENTS
mULDPE (metallocenic POE)(d=0,885 - MFI=1) 20
502010
0,52,0
0,52,0
70
20
MECHANICALPROPERTIES
TS (MPa)
E@B (%)
12,3
140
11,9
163
13,2
360
12,3
248
g/10 min
%O2
2,7
35
2,9
35
7,0
29
5,9
31
11,7
206
5,7
32
MELT FLOW(190°C/21.6 kg)
LOI
EVA (28% VA - MFI=3)LLDPE (d=0,92 - MFI=3)MA grafted ULDPEHYDROFY NG 2.5HYDROFY TV 2.5 ANTIOXIDANT SILICONIC LUBRICANT
HYDROFY HYDROFY
NG 2.5 TV 2.5 NG 2.5
POE + 180 phr of HYDROFY
POE + 200 phr of HYDROFY
EVA + 160 phr of HYDROFY
2015
_0
Sede e Stab. Fraz . Valtreara, 8360040 GENGA (AN) - ITALY
Tel . +39.0732.90162Fax +39.0732.90348
e-mai l : info@nuovasima. i twww.nuovas ima. i t
M A G N E S I U M H Y D R O X I D E
H Y D R O F Y
![[S. Patrick] PVC Compounds and Processing(BookFi.org)](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/55cf9767550346d033917079/s-patrick-pvc-compounds-and-processingbookfiorg.jpg)
