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Hydroelectric Power Plants in the PhilippinesThere are many hydro electric power plants in the Philippines dispersedly located in
the various areas in the countrysides of Luzon Visayas and Mindanao. Almost all of
the large hydro electric plants, which ranged from over 50 MW, are connected to
the main transmission grid, while most of small (10 MW to 50 MW) and mini (101
kW to 10 MW) hydro plants are embedded to the local distribution system.
Below is a list of hydroelectric plants in the Philippines. Almost all of the large hydro
plants are completely enumerated while some mini-hydro plants are not yet listed;
Plant Name LocationCapaci
ty(MW)
Current Owner
Date Commissio
nedRemarks
Large Hydro Luzon
Ambuklao Benguet 75SN-Aboitiz Power
1956decomissioned
Angat Bulacan 246 NPC 1967 - 1993 Dam Type
Bakun Ilocos Sur 70Luzon Hydro Corp
2001Run - off / NPC-IPP
Binga Benguet 100SN-Aboitiz Power
1960 Dam Type
CasecnanNueva Ecija
140 CalEnergy 2001Run - off / NPC-IPP
Kalayaan Laguna 684.6Jpower & Sumitomo
1982 / 2002-2004
Pump Storage/NPC-IPP
Magat Isabela 360SN-Aboitiz Power
1983 Dam type
PantabanganNueva Ecija
100First Gen Hydro Power Corp
1977 Dam Type
San RoquePangasinan
340Marubeni/Sithe
2003Dam type / NPC-IPP
Mindanao
Agus 1Lanao del Sur
80 NPC 1992-94
Agus 2Lanao del Sur
180 NPC 1979
Agus 4Lanao del Norte
158.1 NPC 1985
Agus 5Iligan City
55 NPC 1985
Agus 6Iligan City
200 NPC 1953-77
Agus 7 Iligan 54 NPC 1982-83
Plant Name LocationCapaci
ty(MW)
Current Owner
Date Commissio
nedRemarks
CityPulangi IV Bukidnon 255 NPC 1985-86 Dam Type Small Hydro/Minihydro
Luzon
Caliraya Laguna 22.6Jpower & Sumitomo
1942-50/ 2002
NPC - IPP
Botocan Laguna 20.8Jpower & Sumitomo
1946-48/ 2003
NPC - IPP
MasiwayNueva Eciya
12First Gen Hydro Power Corp
1980 Dam Type
Baligatan Isabela 6 NIA 1987Feeding from Magat
BaritCamarines Sur
1.8People's Energy Services
1957
Palakpakin Laguna 0.56 Philpodeco 1933-38 Balugbog Laguna 0.55 Philpodeco 1933-38
Cawayan Sorsogon 0.4
Sorsogon Electric Cooperative II
2002
Kalibato Laguna 0.075 Philpodeco 1933-38 Magat A Isabela 1.44 ISELCO 1984 Run-off riverMagat B Isabela 1.08 ISELCO 1985 Run-off river Visayas
Loboc Bohol 1.2Sta. Clara International Corporation
1957-67
AmlanNegros Oriental
0.8 NPC 1962
Mindanao
Bubunawan Bukidnon 7Bubunawan Power Company
2001offtaker: CEPALCO
TalomoDavao City
3.5
Hydro Electric Development Corp
1998
Agusan Bukidnon 1.6 First Gen 1957 Run-off
Plant Name LocationCapaci
ty(MW)
Current Owner
Date Commissio
nedRemarks
Bukidnon Power Corp
Geothermal Power Plants in the Philippines
Plant Name
LocationOwner/Operator
Steam
Supplier
RatedCapacity(MW*)
DateCommi-ssioned
Remarks
Luzon Makban Plant A
Bitin, Laguna
NPCChevron
110 1979
Makban Plant B
Bitin, Laguna
NPCChevron
110 1980
Makban Plant C
Bitin, Laguna
NPCChevron
110 1984On prolonged shutdown
Makban Plant D
Bitin, Laguna
NPCChevron
40 1995
Makban Plant E
Bitin, Laguna
NPCChevron
40 1996
Tiwi A Tiwi, Albay NPCChevron
110 1979decommissioned
Tiwi B Tiwi, Albay NPCChevron
110 1980
Tiwi C Tiwi, Albay NPCChevron
1101981-82
Bacman ABacon, Sorsogon
NPCPNOC-EDC
110 1993
BacMan (Cawayan)
Bacon, Sorsogon
NPCPNOC-EDC
20 1994
Bacman (Bacon)
Bacon, Sorsogon
NPCPNOC-EDC
20 1998
Visayas
Palinpinon IValencia, Negros Oriental
NPCPNOC-EDC
112.5 1983
Palinpinon 2
Valencia, Negros
NPC PNOC-EDC
80 1993-95
Plant Name
LocationOwner/Operator
Steam
Supplier
RatedCapacity(MW*)
DateCommi-ssioned
Remarks
OrientalNorthern Negros
Negros Occidental
PNOC-EDCPNOC-EDC
49 2007On rehabilitation
Leyte A & BTongonan, Leyte
PNOC-EDCPNOC-EDC
610.18 1996 NPC-IPP
Leyte Tonginan
Kananga, Leyte
NPCPNOC-EDC
112.5 1983
Mindanao
Mt Apo IKidapawan, N. Cotabato
Marubeni Corporation
PNOC-EDC
54.24 1996 NPC-IPP
At Apo IIKidapawan, N. Cotabato
Marubeni Corporation
PNOC-EDC
54.24 1999 NPC-IPP
* For most cases, specially for old NPC Plants, rated capacity is not equivalent to
the actual dependable capacity of the plants
Coal-Fired Power Plants in the PhilippinesAlthough Philippines has a lot of indigenous and clean energy resources, the
country is still reliant on “high CO2-emitting” coal-fueled power plants as a
source of electricity; simply because electricity generated from these plants is
still cheaper compared to some of the indigenously fueled power plants in the
country. The price of indigenous energy sources in the Philippines is high due to
either or all of the following reasons;
- indigenous energy sources in the Philippines, like geothermal and natural gas,
are heavily taxed by the Government
- The prices of some indigenous energy sources are indexed to imported fuels.
The cost of the geothermal steam of Tiwi and Makban, for example is indexed to
imported coal, therefore, the electricity generated by these geothermal plants
and coal plants do not have much difference.
- Some Hydroelectric Independent Power Producers like Casecnan Hydro Electric
Power Plant sell there electricity at incredibly high price due to the Plant’s
expensive construction cost.
Coal that is used for the coal-fired power plants in the Philippines is either
imported or sourced locally (in Semirara).
Below is the list of Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plants in The Philippines;
Plant Name
Installed Capacity(MW)
OwnerTechnology
Year Comm.
LocationRemarks
Luzon Sual Coal Power Plant
1294 TEAM Energy
Pulverized Coal
1999 Sual, Pangasin
NPC-IPP / Formerly
anowned by Mirant
Masinloc Coal Power Plant
600
consortium of Masinloc Power Partners Co. Ltd. and Singapore-based AES Transpower Pte Ltd
Pulverized Coal
1998Masinloc, Zambales
Qezon Power Plant, Ltd.
511
Consortium of InterGen, Ogden Energy, Group Global Power, Investments and PMR Limited
Pulverized Coal
2000Mauban, Quezon
MERALCO IPP
Pagbilao Coal Power Plant
728TEAM Energy
Pulverized Coal
1996Pagbilao, Quezon
NPC-IPP / Formerly owned by Mirant
Calaca 1 and 2
600 NPCPulverized Coal
1984 / 1995
Calaca, Batangas
APEC 50 APEC
Circulating Fluidized Bed
2006
Mabalacat, Pampanga
Visayas
Toledo 88.8 ?? ??? 1993Toledo City, Cebu
Cebu Thermal Power Plant
109.3
NPC but operated by Salcon Power
Pulverized Coal
1981Naga, Cebu
Mindanao
Mindanao Coal Plant
232 STEAGPulverized Coal
2006
Villanueva, Misamis Oriental
NPC - IPP
Biomass
In November 2008, Global Green Power Co., an affiliate of Aboitiz Power Co., presented a two hundred million dollars plan to construct five 17.5 MW class biomass power stations and totally 87.5 MW capacity power generation facilities would be installed. Of the five, two plans were disclosed in June 2009, namely;
1. Mina,IIoilo(construction cost :1.951 billion pesos)
2. San Leonardo,Nueva Ecija(construction cost:2.002 billion p
3. ( 1 peso = 1.98 yen )
Each power plant will consume everyday 400～500 ton of biomass materials such as rice chaff, rice straw, corn straw, empty shells of palm, strained lees of corn. These two power plants will be put into regular service in January 2011, operated by 140 employees.
In addition, Sure Eco Energy Philippines Co. has presented a plan to construct power stations, with capital sharing from a Japanese business, to be operated on agricultural by-products at four locations as shown below:
3. San-Pedro, Laguna： 250MW
4. San Jose, Lipa city： 250MW
5. Natividad, Nueva Ecija： 60MW
6. San Vicente, Sumilao Bukidnon： 950MW
Consequently, Philippine’s biomass power generation capacity has grown up to 1,595.5 MW, excluding small-scale power stations, and the amount of agricultural by-products to be burnt in the power plants will be 13 million ton annually.
BiogasPopular Biogas Systems
CFD (6+ Million in use)
IFC (2.9+ Million in use)
The design of most biogas systems can be traced to either the China Fixed Dome (CFD) 6+ million in-use or the India Floating Cover (IFC) 2.9+ million in-use.
The Philippine BioDigester Home Biogas System
Philippine BioDigester HBS [1]
The Philippine BioDigester Home Biogas System (HBS) [2] is a product of both designs. It is:
1. Easier to build2. Less expensive, and3. Simpler to operate and maintain (clean & repair)
It can be built as a :
Do-It-Yourself (DIY) project where expert masonry skills are not required using common and inexpensive materials available anywhere.
Biogas production from pig manure where 1-2 pigs excrete 1L (L=liter)
1. 20L/day = 250 Pesos[3] biogas/month2. 40L/day = 500 Pesos[3] biogas/month3. 60L/day = 750 Pesos[3] biogas/month
The plan described here is for an 8 cubic meter digester. It can produce up to 1,000 Pesos[3]/month of biogas from 80L/day of pig manure.
Wind Energy
Wind is generated as the fluid and gaseous parts of the atmosphere move across the surface of the earth due to the ever changing temperatures of the oceans, land masses and other features heated by the rays of the sun. The differences in the way these areas are heated allow for the variance in the amount of wind experienced by various locales.
The seas and land masses heat up and cool down in different rates so the wind is pretty strong in areas where these two geographical features meet. Despite the abundance of interface between shores and seas in the country – we do have over 7,000 islands – the effort to harness the power of the wind isn’t that popular as far as the government’s priorities are concerned. This sort of ambivalence towards
the relative gains that could be gotten through the creation of wind farms is largely apparent in the entire continent of Asia. Other than China, India and Japan who are among leaders when it comes to the construction of wind farms and consumption of clean energy coming from the wind turbines, the rest of Asia lags as far as advocacy for this type of technology is concerned.
Enter Bangui
The town of Bangui in Ilocos Norte is one of the few shining examples in the region that wind power could be used to provide affordable and clean energy for a vast chunk of a province’s population and industry.
Bangui is a fourth-class municipality in one of the northernmost provinces in the Luzon landmass. It has a fairly small population of just a little over 14 ,000 and has a good stretch of coastline that serves as the home of the first wind turbine farm in the Philippines.
Bangui was picked from many other regions in the Philippines through a geological and meteorological survey done by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) when they conducted research to screen out for potential places in the country that could serve as good. There were other areas in the country that were deemedsuitable for the installation of wind farms. The other areas on the list included certain parts of the islands ofMindoro, Samar, Leyte, Panay, Negros, Cebu, Palawan and Eastern Mindanao.
Solar Energy
Solar energy in the PhilippinesPeople in Pangan-an Island, Cebu,Philippines, enjoy 24-hour electricity servicefrom a centralised solar photovoltaic (PV)system donated by the Kingdom of Belgium.This power plant consists of 504 PV panels, abattery bank with 118 storage batteries, acharge controller, and 2 inverters made inGermany. The solar power plant has beenoperating since December 1998, supplying230 Volt (V) Alternating Current (AC) electricity to around 200 households. The Panganan residents use electricity for lighting, radioand TV sets. The sustainability of this power
system is questionable, however. The batteries need to be replaced in the next two years,which will cost the community $ 100,000. Sofar, they have only saved around $ 13,700 overthe last 7 years. At the rate of savings fromtheir monthly collection, they would not beable to raise the amount needed to replace thebatteries. This illustrates that components forPV systems are still very expensive, particularly for people living in rural areas.Limited capacitiesMisunderstanding is rampant among solarenergy users. For instance, in a solar homesystem, many people think that the most critical component is the PV module. In reality,the heart of the system is the battery, whichstores energy. Being unaware of this fact, theytend to over-use the battery, which reduces itsoperating life.Another problem is that people often thinkthat solar electricity is the same as electricityfrom electric utilities, where you can use alltypes of home appliances. They imagine thata 100-Watt PV can supply 100 Watt of powerat anytime. The truth is that solar power islimited by the capacity of the PV panels, available sunshine hours per day and batterystorage capacity. Since solar PV depends onsunlight (irradiance), PV panels will generateless power to recharge the battery in rainy orcloudy weather.Subsidies requiredIn Pangan-an, people are willing and able topay only around $ 2 a month for electricity,which is roughly the same cost if people buykerosene to fuel one or two lamps. Residents are primarily dependent on fishingand generally have low incomes. Thus, themoney collected would not be enough formaintenance and replacement of criticalcomponents, such as the battery. Consequently, for this type of project, subsidiesfrom the Government or from other sourcesare still required in order to sustain operation.
Important load managementAs experienced in Pangan-an Island, maintaining a solar PV system is not easy. High-leveltechnical knowledge is required to maintainsuch a system properly. The battery, forinstance, needs to be topped up or rechargedregularly. However, recovering its charge,once discharged, depends on the weather. Loadmanagement is thus extremely important. Asolar power plant, which has a limited PVinstalled capacity, can only generate a specificamount of power per day, depending on solarirradiation or intensity of sunlight. On a rainyor cloudy day, PV panels generate less power,thus less charging current goes to the storagebattery. Conversely, on a hot summer's day,the irradiation could be high, causing the PVto deliver more current to the battery. When itis cloudy or raining, people should be advisedto conserve energy stored in the battery bylimiting their use of appliances.Rare spare partsSpare parts, especially for large centralisedsystems, are quite difficult to find. When aninverter card is damaged, for example, itneeds to be sent back to Europe for repair.There is practically no way to find a local supplier for critical components.
Hydroelectric Power Plants in the Philippines
Biomass
Biogas
Wind Energy
Solar Energy
