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Hydro Electricity Generation
What is Hydroelectricity?
the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water
Hydropower is the renewable energy contained in flowing water
History
History
In 19th century, Electrical Generator was developed.
In 1878 the world's first hydroelectric power scheme was developed at Crag side in Northumberland.
Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882,
Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for a vast quantity of electricity
Hoover Dam's(U.S) initial 1,345 MW power station was the world's largest hydroelectric power station in 1936.
Structural Overview
Basic Structure
Classification of hydropower plantsAccording to
Capacity
Large
Medium
Small
Mini
Micro
Pico
According to head
High
Medium
Low
According to purposeSingle
purpose
Multi purpose
According to facility types
Run-of-River
Reservoirs
Tidal
Pumped storage
According to hydrological
relationSingle
Cascade
According to transmission
systemIsolated
Connected to grid
Types of Hydroelectric Power Plants
Conventional DamsPumped-StorageRun of River.Tide Power HydroelectricityUnderground Hydroelectricity
Conventional Dam
Pumped Storage
Run of The River
Tide Power Hydroelectricity
Power Plant Layout
How Electricity Generate
Six Important Components
1) Dam
2) Water Reservoir
3) Intake or Control Gates
4) The Penstock
5) Water Turbines
6) Generators
Types Of Turbine
Turbines
Impulse Type
Pelton Cross Flow
Reaction Type
Propeller
Francis Kinetic
Basic Parts Of Generator & Turbine
Generator Turbine
Rotor Runner Blades
Stator Spiral Case
Shaft Wicket Gates
Guided Bearing Draft Tube
Exciter Runner Cone
Hydraulic Brecks Hydraulic Brecks
Governor System To control the opening and closing of
Wicket gates To stabilizing Frequency To control the Generation For monitoring
Cross sectional view of Power House
Types Of Power House LARGE: >100 MW MEDIUM: 25 – 100 MW SMALL: 1-25 MW MINI: 100 KW - 1MW MICRO: 5 – 100 KW PICO: < 5 KW
Transmission
Facts & Figure
Advantages
No pollutants! Say no to greenhouse gases Saving natural resources A predictable renewable source of energy Dams as a water reservoir Economical advantage Constant source of energy Controllable source of energy Flexibility
Disadvantages Emission of methane and carbon dioxide Disturbance of habitat Installation costs Limited use Divert natural waterway Effects on agriculture Fish killing Disputes between people Siltation and flow shortage. Failure risks
World Largest Dams
Thank You!