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AGUS HARYANTO

HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT. AGUS HARYANTO. WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

AGUS HARYANTO

Page 2: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with a certain fall to the turbine (termed the "head"), into electric energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the powerhouse is located. The power output from the scheme is proportional to the flow and to the head.

Page 3: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Page 4: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

DAM TURBINE

POWER HOUSE

INTAKE

PENSTOCKRE

SE

VO

IR

POWER LINE

TRANSFORMER

GENERATOR

Page 5: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Page 6: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation to a lower elevation through a large pipe penstock). When the water reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine. The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the generator, producing electricity.

Page 7: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Page 8: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of water into a power canal or into a penstock without producing a negative impact on the local environment.

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Page 10: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

“Conveying water from the intake to the power house”.

The water in the reservoir is considered stored energy (potential energy).

When the gate opens the water flowing through the penstock becomes kinetic energy because it is in motion.

Page 11: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Page 12: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

The water strikes and turns the large blades of a turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by way of a shaft. The most common type of turbine for hydropower plants is the Kaplan Turbine, Francis Turbine, and Pelton Turbine.

Page 13: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Low head (from 70 meter and down to 5 meter)

Large flow rates The runner vanes

can be governed Good efficiency

over a vide range

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Page 15: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Heads between 15 and 700 m.

Medium Flow Rates

Good efficiency = 0.96 for modern machines

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Page 17: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Large heads (from 100 meter to 1800 meter)

Relatively small flow rate

Maximum of 6 nozzles

Good efficiency over a vide range

Page 18: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

*Q = 28,5 m3/s*H = 1130 m*P = 288 MW

Jostedal, Norway

Page 19: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

After passing through the turbine the water returns to the river trough a short canal called a tailrace.

Page 20: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Page 21: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

As the turbine blades turn, so do a series of magnets inside the generator. Giant magnets rotate past copper coils, producing alternating current (AC) by moving electrons.

Basic parts of generator :1. Shaft 2. Excitor 3. Rotor 4. Stator

Page 22: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

The heart of the hydroelectric power plant is the generator. The basic process of generating electricity in this manner is to rotate a series of magnets inside coils of wire. This process moves electrons, which produces electrical current.

Page 23: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

As the turbine turns, the excitor sends an electrical current to the rotor. The rotor is a series of large electromagnets that spins inside a tightly-wound coil of copper wire, called the stator. The magnetic field between the coil and themagnets creates an electric current.

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is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through a shared magnetic field. A changing current IP in the first circuit (the primary) creates a changing magnetic field; in turn, this magnetic field induces a voltage VS in the second circuit (the secondary). The secondary circuit mimics the primary circuit, but it need not carry the same current and voltage as the primary circuit. Instead, an ideal transformer keeps the product of the current and the voltage the same in the primary and secondary circuits.

Page 26: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Used water is carried through pipelines, called tailraces, and re-enters the river downstream.

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In the scheme of hydropower the role of power house is to protect the electromechanical equipment that convert the potential energy of water into electricity.

Following are the equipments of power plant:

1.Valve 5.Condensor 2.Turbine 6.Protection System3.Generator 7.DC emergency Supply4.Control System 8.Power and current transformer

Page 29: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Page 30: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity. This is called hydropower.

Hydropower is currently the largest source of renewable power, generating nearly 10% of the electricity used in the United States.

The most common type of hydropower plant uses a dam on a river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which, in turn, activates a generator to produce electricity.

But hydropower doesn't necessarily require a large dam. Some hydropower plants just use a small canal to channel the river water through a turbine.

Page 31: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Sumber air pada ketinggian h = 14 ft memberikan debit Q = 9 ft3/dt untuk menggerakkan kincir air berdiameter D = 12 ft. Kincir air berputar pada kecepatan N = 5 RPM dan memiliki 36 buah mangkuk yang terisi air tidak lebih dari separohnya.Berapakah volume tiap mangkuk?Bila luas penampang mangkuk 1.2 ft2, berapa lebar kincir?Berapa kecepatan spesifik? (Asumsi = 60%)

Page 32: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Volume mangkuk:N = 5 RPM Tiap putaran = 12 dtQ = 9 ft3/dt Vol air jatuh tiap putaran = (9 ft3/dt)*12 dt = 108 ft3

Vol tiap mangkuk =

Lebar kincir = 6 ft3/1.2 ft2 = 5 ft

33

65.036

108ft

ft

Page 33: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Daya yang dihasilkan:P = Q g h = (60%)(9 ft3/dt)(62.4 lb/ft3)(14 ft) = 4717.4 ft.lb/dt = 8.58 Hp

Kecepatan spesifikNs = (5)(8.58)0.5(14)-1.25 = 0.54

Page 34: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Kecepatan jet:

C = koefisien transmisi Kecepatan titik di luar roda Pelton

U = a.V a = konstantaU = DN

Daya = Q g h

ghCV 2

Page 35: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Sebuah roda Pelton dipakai untuk menghasilkan daya dari air berketinggian h = 14 ft. Jika U = 0.45 V dengan V adalah kecepatan jet air pada nozel. N = 300 RPM. Pertanyaan:Berapa diameter roda Pelton? (Asumsi C = 0.95)Bila diameter nozel 2 in, berapa debit air?Berapa daya (HP) jika efisiensi 88%?Berapa kecepatan spesifik roda Pelton?

Page 36: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Diameter roda Pelton

V = 0.95 = 66 ft/dt U = 0.45 V = 0.45(66) = 29.7 ft/dtD = U/N = 29.7/(0.88*300) = 1.89’ = 22.7”

ghCV 2)75)(2.32(2

Page 37: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Debit air Q = A.VAnozel = d2/4 = (2/12)2/4 = (/144) ft2

Q = A.V = (/144) ft2 (66 ft/dt) Q = 1.44 ft3/dt

P = Q g h = (0.88)(62.24)(1.44)(75)/550P = 10.78 HP

Page 38: HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Ns = N(Daya)0.5 (h)-1.25

Ns = 300(10.78)0.5 (75)-1.25

Ns = 4.46

Note: Ns optimum untuk turbin roda Pelton adalah 5