HYDRAULICS. OBJECTIVES CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER TYPES OF PRESSURES TYPES OF PRESSURES WFRD PUMPERS WFRD PUMPERS DIFFERENT TYPES

HYDRAULICSHYDRAULICS

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERCHARACTERISTICS OF WATER TYPES OF PRESSURESTYPES OF PRESSURES WFRD PUMPERS WFRD PUMPERS DIFFERENT TYPES OF PUMPSDIFFERENT TYPES OF PUMPS DIFFERENT TYPES OF RELIEF VALVESDIFFERENT TYPES OF RELIEF VALVES DRAFTINGDRAFTING FOAMFOAM WFRD HYDRAULIC SOGWFRD HYDRAULIC SOG HYDRAULIC CALUCATION PROBLEMSHYDRAULIC CALUCATION PROBLEMS

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERWATER

Water is a compound of hydrogen Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. (2 parts Hydrogen 1 and oxygen. (2 parts Hydrogen 1 part oxygen)part oxygen)

One gallon of water weighs 8.35 One gallon of water weighs 8.35 poundspounds

Cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 Cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 poundspounds

ADVANTAGES OF WATERADVANTAGES OF WATER

Greater heat absorption than other Greater heat absorption than other common extinguishing agents.common extinguishing agents.

A relatively large amount of heat is A relatively large amount of heat is required to change extinguishing required to change extinguishing agents.agents.

Greater the surface area of water Greater the surface area of water exposed, the more rapidly heat is exposed, the more rapidly heat is absorbed. absorbed.

ADVANTAGES OF WATERADVANTAGES OF WATER

Water converted into steam occupies Water converted into steam occupies 1,700 times its original volume.1,700 times its original volume.

Water is plentiful and readily Water is plentiful and readily available.available.

DISADVANTAGES OF WATERDISADVANTAGES OF WATER

Water has a high surface tension and Water has a high surface tension and does not readily soak into dense does not readily soak into dense material.material.

Water may be reactive with certain Water may be reactive with certain fuels, such as combustible metals. fuels, such as combustible metals.

Water freezes at 32Water freezes at 32oo F. F. Water readily conducts electricity. Water readily conducts electricity.

HEAD PRESSUREHEAD PRESSURE

Head pressure refers to the height of Head pressure refers to the height of water supply above the discharge water supply above the discharge orifice.orifice.

If the water supply is 100 feet above the If the water supply is 100 feet above the discharge opening, this is referred to as discharge opening, this is referred to as 100 feet of head. To convert feet of head 100 feet of head. To convert feet of head to head pressure, multiply by .434 per to head pressure, multiply by .434 per foot. foot.

= =

(Head Pressure is 43.4PSI)(Head Pressure is 43.4PSI)

STATIC PRESSURESTATIC PRESSURE

Static Pressure exists when no Static Pressure exists when no water is moving (potential energy).water is moving (potential energy).

Static pressure normally is never found Static pressure normally is never found in a municipal system, because water is in a municipal system, because water is flowing somewhere in the system.flowing somewhere in the system.

The pressure found in a hydrant prior to The pressure found in a hydrant prior to the hydrant flowing is considered to be the hydrant flowing is considered to be static pressure.static pressure.

Normal Operation PressureNormal Operation Pressure

The pressure found on a water The pressure found on a water distribution system during distribution system during normal consumption demands.normal consumption demands.

RESIDUAL PRESSURERESIDUAL PRESSURE

Residual pressure is that part of Residual pressure is that part of the total available pressure not the total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss or used to overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water gravity while forcing water through pipe, fittings, fire hose through pipe, fittings, fire hose and adaptersand adapters

WATER LEFT OVERWATER LEFT OVER

FLOW PRESSUREFLOW PRESSURE

Flow Pressure is the forward velocity Flow Pressure is the forward velocity pressure at a discharge opening pressure at a discharge opening where water is flowing.where water is flowing.

GPM can be calculated from the flow GPM can be calculated from the flow pressure if the size of the opening is pressure if the size of the opening is known.known.

Flow pressure can be measured with Flow pressure can be measured with a pitot gauge.a pitot gauge.

FRICTION LOSSFRICTION LOSS

Friction loss : the loss of Friction loss : the loss of pressure created by the pressure created by the turbulence of water moving turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of hose against the interior walls of hose or pipe.or pipe.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMSWATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS3 Types3 Types

Gravity SystemGravity System: Water source is : Water source is located at a higher elevation than the located at a higher elevation than the distribution system.distribution system.

Direct PumpingDirect Pumping System: Water is System: Water is mechanically pumped.mechanically pumped.

Combination SystemCombination System: Water is : Water is pumped to elevated storage tanks pumped to elevated storage tanks and gravity provides distribution and gravity provides distribution pressure.pressure.

FREINDSHIP FIRE & RESCUEFREINDSHIP FIRE & RESCUE

RESCUE ENGINERESCUE ENGINE

2002 2002 Spartan/MarionSpartan/Marion

1500 gal pump1500 gal pump Single Stage PumpSingle Stage Pump 500 Gal Booster 500 Gal Booster

TankTank 40 Gal Foam Tank40 Gal Foam Tank

WAGONWAGON

1997 Seagrave1997 Seagrave 1500 gal Pump1500 gal Pump Single Stage PumpSingle Stage Pump 750 Gal Booster 750 Gal Booster

TankTank

SOUTH END FIRE & RESCUESOUTH END FIRE & RESCUE

WAGON 5WAGON 5 1987 Seagrave1987 Seagrave 1500 GPM Pump1500 GPM Pump Two Stage PumpTwo Stage Pump 500 Gal Tank500 Gal Tank

ENGINE 5ENGINE 5 2002 Pierce Dash2002 Pierce Dash 1500 GPM Pump1500 GPM Pump Two Stage PumpTwo Stage Pump 750 Gal Tank750 Gal Tank 40 Gal Foam Tank40 Gal Foam Tank

SHAWNEE FIRE & RESCUESHAWNEE FIRE & RESCUE

WAGON 4WAGON 4

1996 Seagrave1996 Seagrave 1500 GPM Pump1500 GPM Pump Two Stage PumpTwo Stage Pump Tank 500 galTank 500 gal

ENGINE 4ENGINE 4

2006 Pierce Lance2006 Pierce Lance 1500 GPM Pump1500 GPM Pump Two Stage PumpTwo Stage Pump 500 Gal Tank500 Gal Tank 40 Gal Foam Tank40 Gal Foam Tank

CLASS A PUMPERCLASS A PUMPER

• A NFPA rating test for pumpers A NFPA rating test for pumpers that indicates the pumper can that indicates the pumper can pumppump

• 100% rated capacity @ 150 PSI100% rated capacity @ 150 PSI• 70% capacity @ 200PSI70% capacity @ 200PSI• 50% capacity @ 250 PSI50% capacity @ 250 PSI

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPCENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Nearly all fire apparatus today utilize Nearly all fire apparatus today utilize the centrifugal pump.the centrifugal pump.

Centrifugal pumps are classified as a Centrifugal pumps are classified as a nonpositive displacement pump nonpositive displacement pump because it does not pump a definite because it does not pump a definite amount of water with each amount of water with each revolution.revolution.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPCENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Centrifugal force pushes water from Centrifugal force pushes water from the center to the outer edge of the the center to the outer edge of the pump.pump.

Water is thrown further as rotation Water is thrown further as rotation speed increases.speed increases.

CENTRIFUGAL FIRE PUMPSCENTRIFUGAL FIRE PUMPS

Single Stage Pump: A pump with one Single Stage Pump: A pump with one shaft and one impellershaft and one impeller

Two Stage Pump: A pump with one Two Stage Pump: A pump with one shaft and two impellers in separate shaft and two impellers in separate chambers.chambers.

Positive Displacement Positive Displacement PumpsPumps

Positive Displacement Pump: Positive Displacement Pump: Mainly used as primer pumps to Mainly used as primer pumps to displace air from Centrifugal displace air from Centrifugal pumps. Positive displacement pumps. Positive displacement pumps are either piston, rotary pumps are either piston, rotary gear or rotary vane pumps.gear or rotary vane pumps.

Transfer ValveTransfer Valve

Parallel Position or Volume: Each of the Parallel Position or Volume: Each of the impellers takes water from the source impellers takes water from the source and delivers it to the discharge. Each and delivers it to the discharge. Each impeller flows 50% of the total flow.impeller flows 50% of the total flow.

Pressure Position or Series: All the Pressure Position or Series: All the water from the intake manifold is water from the intake manifold is directed into the eye of the first directed into the eye of the first impeller and then into the eye of the impeller and then into the eye of the second impeller.second impeller.


Transfer valve needs to be in the Transfer valve needs to be in the Parallel or Volume position when it is Parallel or Volume position when it is necessary to supply more than one necessary to supply more than one half the rated capacity of the pump.half the rated capacity of the pump.

In most cases the transfer valve In most cases the transfer valve should not be operated with a should not be operated with a discharge pressure exceeding 75 discharge pressure exceeding 75 PSI.PSI.


If there is any question as to the If there is any question as to the proper operation of the transfer proper operation of the transfer valve, it is better to be in parallel or valve, it is better to be in parallel or volume than in series or pressure.volume than in series or pressure.

To raise your RPM place the To raise your RPM place the transfer valve in Parallel or transfer valve in Parallel or volume.volume.

Pressure Control DevicesPressure Control Devices

Purpose of a pressure control Purpose of a pressure control device is to protect the device is to protect the Firefighter’s hand line against Firefighter’s hand line against undue pressure rise. It helps undue pressure rise. It helps prevent a burst line and prevent a burst line and mechanical damage to the pump mechanical damage to the pump from a water hammer. from a water hammer.

There are two types of pressure There are two types of pressure control devices: Relief Valve and control devices: Relief Valve and Engine Governor.Engine Governor.

Pressure GovernorPressure Governor

Pressure governor controls the Pressure governor controls the pressure of the pump by varying pressure of the pump by varying the speed of the engine rather the speed of the engine rather than controlling the flow of than controlling the flow of water.water.

Pressure control devices should be Pressure control devices should be used when more than one discharge used when more than one discharge line is being used and during relay line is being used and during relay operations.operations.

RELIEF VALVERELIEF VALVE

Relief valve is installed in a line Relief valve is installed in a line which connects from the suction side which connects from the suction side of the pump to the discharge side. of the pump to the discharge side. When pressure on the discharge side When pressure on the discharge side of the pump exceeds the preset of the pump exceeds the preset value pressure, the relief valve opens value pressure, the relief valve opens and permits the water to flow directly and permits the water to flow directly from the discharge manifold back from the discharge manifold back into the intake manifold.into the intake manifold.

Relief ValveRelief Valve

When setting the relief valve, the When setting the relief valve, the pressure on the pump should be pressure on the pump should be adjusted with all the desired lines adjusted with all the desired lines open and flowing the full amount of open and flowing the full amount of water. The relief valve controls the water. The relief valve controls the pressure of the pump by changing pressure of the pump by changing the amount of water flowing through the amount of water flowing through the pump. the pump.

RELIEF VALVERELIEF VALVE

PUMP GAUGESPUMP GAUGESMASTER INTAKEMASTER INTAKE

The master intake gauge The master intake gauge ( Vacuum or Compound gauge) is ( Vacuum or Compound gauge) is capable of measuring either capable of measuring either positive or negative pressurepositive or negative pressure..

This gauge is calibrated from 0 to This gauge is calibrated from 0 to 600 PSI positive pressure and from 0 600 PSI positive pressure and from 0 to 30 inches of vacuum on the to 30 inches of vacuum on the negative side.negative side.

PUMP GAUGESPUMP GAUGESDischarge GaugeDischarge Gauge

The pump discharge pressure gauge The pump discharge pressure gauge registers the pressure as it leaves registers the pressure as it leaves the pump, but before it reaches the the pump, but before it reaches the gauges for each individual discharge gauges for each individual discharge line.line.

It must be calibrated to measure 600 It must be calibrated to measure 600 PSI, unless the pumper is equipped PSI, unless the pumper is equipped to supply high pressure fog streams, to supply high pressure fog streams, in which case the gauge may be in which case the gauge may be calibrated up to 1000 PSIcalibrated up to 1000 PSI

Pump DrainsPump Drains

Most connections to the pump are Most connections to the pump are equipped with drain valve on the line equipped with drain valve on the line side of the control valve. On the side of the control valve. On the discharge fitting, these drain provide discharge fitting, these drain provide a way for the driver operator to a way for the driver operator to relieve the pressure from the hose relieve the pressure from the hose line after the discharge valve and line after the discharge valve and nozzle have both been closed.nozzle have both been closed.

SAFETY REMINDERSAFETY REMINDER

DRAFTINGDRAFTING

To draft you need to create a pressure To draft you need to create a pressure differential which allows atmospheric differential which allows atmospheric pressure acting on the surface of the pressure acting on the surface of the water to force water into the fire pump.water to force water into the fire pump.

When enough air has been evacuated When enough air has been evacuated to reduce the atmospheric pressure to reduce the atmospheric pressure inside the fire pump and intake hose a inside the fire pump and intake hose a negative vacuum is created causing negative vacuum is created causing the water to rise into the intake hose the water to rise into the intake hose and pump.and pump.

DRAFTINGDRAFTING

The most important factor in choosing a The most important factor in choosing a draft site is the amount of water available draft site is the amount of water available at that site.at that site.

Always use a strainer when draftingAlways use a strainer when drafting There should be minimum of 24” of There should be minimum of 24” of

water over the strainer and around the water over the strainer and around the strainerstrainer

In most circumstance, the maximum lift is In most circumstance, the maximum lift is no more than 25 feet.no more than 25 feet.

Maximum theoretical lift 33.8 feetMaximum theoretical lift 33.8 feet

DRAFTINGDRAFTING

Lift is the distance between the fire Lift is the distance between the fire pump and source of the water. ( from pump and source of the water. ( from center of the pump to the top of the center of the pump to the top of the water)water)

AS the lift or length of intake AS the lift or length of intake hose increases, the capacity of hose increases, the capacity of the pump decreasesthe pump decreases..

DRAFTINGDRAFTING If operating a two stage pump, the If operating a two stage pump, the

transfer valve should be in the volume transfer valve should be in the volume or parallel position during priming.or parallel position during priming.

Most priming pumps are intended to Most priming pumps are intended to work best when engine RPM are set work best when engine RPM are set between 1000 and 1200between 1000 and 1200

Priming timePriming time is typically 10 to 15 is typically 10 to 15 seconds, but should not prime more seconds, but should not prime more than 30 seconds for pumps of 1000 than 30 seconds for pumps of 1000 GPM and GPM and no more than 45 seconds no more than 45 seconds for pumps over 1250 GPMfor pumps over 1250 GPM

DRAFTINGDRAFTING After the pump has been successfully After the pump has been successfully

primed, increase the throttle before primed, increase the throttle before attempting to open any discharges.attempting to open any discharges.

Open discharge valve slowly while Open discharge valve slowly while watching the discharge pressure. watching the discharge pressure.

If the discharge pressure continues If the discharge pressure continues to drop, momentarily operating the to drop, momentarily operating the primer may eliminate the air still primer may eliminate the air still trapped in the pump.trapped in the pump.

DRAFTINGDRAFTING

A gradual increase in the vacuum A gradual increase in the vacuum reading may be noted with no reading may be noted with no change in the flow rate. This is change in the flow rate. This is an indication that a blockage is an indication that a blockage is developingdeveloping

STRAINERSSTRAINERS

LOW LIFT STRAINERLOW LIFT STRAINER

DRY HYDRANTDRY HYDRANT

Priming problemsPriming problems

A.A. Air leaksAir leaks

B.B. Loose hard sleeve/flex sleeve Loose hard sleeve/flex sleeve connectionconnection

C.C. Loose discharge capsLoose discharge caps

D.D. Open drains or open bleeders Open drains or open bleeders valvesvalves

E.E. Worn gasketsWorn gaskets

Priming ProblemsPriming Problems

1.1. Clogged StrainersClogged Strainers

2.2. No oil in Primer ReservoirNo oil in Primer Reservoir

3.3. Primer not activated in required Primer not activated in required timetime

4.4. End of suction hose not submergedEnd of suction hose not submerged

5.5. High Suction Lift (20’)High Suction Lift (20’)

6.6. High point in suction lineHigh point in suction line

7.7. Improper Engine SpeedImproper Engine Speed

CavitationsCavitations

Is when water is being Is when water is being discharged from the pump faster discharged from the pump faster than it is coming into the pump.than it is coming into the pump.

Indications that a pump is cavitating Indications that a pump is cavitating The hose stream will fluctuateThe hose stream will fluctuate Pressure gauge will fluctuatePressure gauge will fluctuate The pump will be noisy, sounding like The pump will be noisy, sounding like

gravel is passing through the pumpgravel is passing through the pump

FOAMFOAM

Most foam concentrates are intended Most foam concentrates are intended to be mixed with 94% to 99% water. to be mixed with 94% to 99% water. ( when using 3% foam concentration, ( when using 3% foam concentration, 97 parts water mixed with 3 parts 97 parts water mixed with 3 parts foam concentrate equals 100 parts foam concentrate equals 100 parts foam solution)foam solution)

HYDROCARBON FUELSHYDROCARBON FUELS

Hydrocarbon fuels are petroleum Hydrocarbon fuels are petroleum based and have a specific gravity based and have a specific gravity that is less than one, therefore that is less than one, therefore they float on Water.they float on Water.

Hydrocarbon fuels are Hydrocarbon fuels are immiscible, that is they will not immiscible, that is they will not mix with water.mix with water.

POLAR SOLVENT FUELSPOLAR SOLVENT FUELS

Polar Solvents are Polar Solvents are flammable/combustible liquids flammable/combustible liquids that have an attraction for water.that have an attraction for water.

Polar Solvents are miscible, that Polar Solvents are miscible, that is they dissolve in water. is they dissolve in water.

Polar Solvents are alcohol, Polar Solvents are alcohol, acetone, ketones, ethers, and acetone, ketones, ethers, and acid.acid.

FOAM INDUCTIONFOAM INDUCTION

Induction: Uses the pressure energy Induction: Uses the pressure energy in the stream of water to induct foam in the stream of water to induct foam concentration into the stream.concentration into the stream.

This is companioned by using a In-This is companioned by using a In-Line educator. The In-Line educator Line educator. The In-Line educator has a hose that goes down into the has a hose that goes down into the foam and when the water passes foam and when the water passes through the orifice of the hose it through the orifice of the hose it creates a suction that draws the creates a suction that draws the foam out of the pail.foam out of the pail.

WFRD APPARATUS FOAM WFRD APPARATUS FOAM TANKS TANKS

Rescue Engine 1 and Engine 5 use Rescue Engine 1 and Engine 5 use Universal Gold AFFF 1%/3%Universal Gold AFFF 1%/3%

Hydrocarbon and Polar Solvent fire in Hydrocarbon and Polar Solvent fire in depth use 3%depth use 3%

Hydrocarbon spill fire use 1%Hydrocarbon spill fire use 1% Engine 4 uses Class A foam onlyEngine 4 uses Class A foam only

WFRD FOAM WFRD FOAM

Light Water AFFF Foam Light Water AFFF Foam Hydrocarbon Fuels 3% concentrate Hydrocarbon Fuels 3% concentrate

97% water’97% water’ Polar Fuel 6% concentrate 94% Polar Fuel 6% concentrate 94%

water.water. WFRD foam is stored at the Sludge WFRD foam is stored at the Sludge

building in 5 gal pails and 55 gal building in 5 gal pails and 55 gal drums.drums.

SOG-06-06SOG-06-06Standardized Hydraulic Standardized Hydraulic

PracticesPracticesFactors That Influence Friction LossFactors That Influence Friction LossA.A. Diameter of the hoseDiameter of the hoseB.B. Length of the hose lineLength of the hose lineC.C. Quantity of GPM of water flowQuantity of GPM of water flowD.D. Type of nozzleType of nozzleE.E. ElevationElevationF.F. Appliances used ( Wyes and Siamese Appliances used ( Wyes and Siamese

))G.G. Master Stream devicesMaster Stream devices

Standardized Hydraulic Standardized Hydraulic PracticesPractices

Other Less Significant Factors Other Less Significant Factors

A.A. Snaked hose linesSnaked hose lines

B.B. Protruding gasketsProtruding gaskets

C.C. Poor inner lining of hosePoor inner lining of hose


FORMULA FOR FRICTION FORMULA FOR FRICTION LOSSLOSS FL=CQFL=CQ22LL

FL : Friction loss in the entire hose line.FL : Friction loss in the entire hose line.

C : Coefficient determined by the size C : Coefficient determined by the size of theof the

hose.hose.

Q : GPM flow divided by 100Q : GPM flow divided by 100

L : Length of hose divided by 100L : Length of hose divided by 100


Coefficient of FrictionCoefficient of Friction Size of Hose Coefficient Size of Hose Coefficient

3/4 “ Booster Line 10003/4 “ Booster Line 10001” Booster Line 1501” Booster Line 1501 ½ “ Hose 241 ½ “ Hose 241 ¾ Hose 15.51 ¾ Hose 15.52 ½ Hose 22 ½ Hose 2Single 3” Hose .8Single 3” Hose .8Dual 3” Hose .2Dual 3” Hose .2Single 4” Hose .2Single 4” Hose .2(1) 4” & (1) 3” Hose .1(1) 4” & (1) 3” Hose .1


Nozzle Nozzle Pressure Nozzle Nozzle Pressure GPMGPM

1 ¾ Fog1 ¾ Fog 100 PSI 200 100 PSI 2002 ½ Fog 100 PSI2 ½ Fog 100 PSI 250 2502” Master Stream 100 PSI 500-10002” Master Stream 100 PSI 500-10001” tip Hand line 50 PSI 2001” tip Hand line 50 PSI 2001 1/8 Hand line 50 PSI1 1/8 Hand line 50 PSI 250 2501 ¼ Hand line 50 PSI1 ¼ Hand line 50 PSI 300 300


Nozzle Nozzle Pressure GPMNozzle Nozzle Pressure GPM

1 ¼ Master Tip 80 PSI 4001 ¼ Master Tip 80 PSI 400

1 3/8 Master Tip 80 PSI1 3/8 Master Tip 80 PSI 500 500

1 ½ Master Tip 80 PSI 6001 ½ Master Tip 80 PSI 600

1 5/8 Master Tip 8o PSI 7001 5/8 Master Tip 8o PSI 700

1 ¾ Master Tip 80 PSI 8001 ¾ Master Tip 80 PSI 800

1 7/8 Master Tip 80 PSI 9001 7/8 Master Tip 80 PSI 900

2” Master Tip 80 PSI 2” Master Tip 80 PSI 1000 1000


NOZZLE PRESSURESNOZZLE PRESSURES Handheld smooth bore nozzle : 50 Handheld smooth bore nozzle : 50

PSIPSI Maser Stream (smooth bore) : 80 Maser Stream (smooth bore) : 80

PSIPSI All Fog Nozzles : 100 PSIAll Fog Nozzles : 100 PSI

Except Chief nozzles are 75 PSI Except Chief nozzles are 75 PSI

( ( for test purpose all Fog nozzles for test purpose all Fog nozzles are calculated at 100 PSI )are calculated at 100 PSI )


Calculating Friction LossCalculating Friction Loss

A.A. Wyes and Siamese: Add 10 PSIWyes and Siamese: Add 10 PSI

B.B. Master Streams : Add 20 PSIMaster Streams : Add 20 PSI

C.C. Elevation : add 5 PSI per floor Elevation : add 5 PSI per floor or ½ PSI per foot. Descending or ½ PSI per foot. Descending elevation subtract 5 PSI or ½ elevation subtract 5 PSI or ½ PSI per foot.PSI per foot.

D.D. Pre-Piped Waterways 20 PSIPre-Piped Waterways 20 PSI


To Calculate Friction Loss:To Calculate Friction Loss:

FORMULA FOR ATTACK PUMPERFORMULA FOR ATTACK PUMPER

FL=CQFL=CQ22L + Nozzle PressureL + Nozzle Pressure

FORMULA FOR SUPPLY PUMPERFORMULA FOR SUPPLY PUMPER

FL=CQFL=CQ22L and add 40 PSI for residual L and add 40 PSI for residual PressurePressure


1.1. Supplying protective sprinkler Supplying protective sprinkler and standpipe system shall be and standpipe system shall be at 150 PSI at the Siamese.at 150 PSI at the Siamese.

2.2. If a high rise pack is employed If a high rise pack is employed charge the system at 175 PSIcharge the system at 175 PSI

3.3. Start out pressure for Truck 2 Start out pressure for Truck 2 and Ladder 2 will be 150 PSIand Ladder 2 will be 150 PSI


Supply OperationsSupply Operations

1.1. Supply hose load shall be finished off Supply hose load shall be finished off so that the lead coupling is visible and so that the lead coupling is visible and secured when line is pulled.secured when line is pulled.

2.2. A minimum of 25’ of hose is to A minimum of 25’ of hose is to accompany the coupling when the accompany the coupling when the line is pulled.line is pulled.

3.3. 3’’ or 4’’ supply lines are to be filled 3’’ or 4’’ supply lines are to be filled with water before the throttle is with water before the throttle is advanced.advanced.


Supply OperationsSupply Operations1.1. Starting pressure for 3” hose is 100 PSI Starting pressure for 3” hose is 100 PSI

and Max targeted Pressure is 200 PSIand Max targeted Pressure is 200 PSI

2.2. Starting Pressure for 4” hose is 75 PSI Starting Pressure for 4” hose is 75 PSI and Max targeted pressure is 175 PSIand Max targeted pressure is 175 PSI

3.3. Supply pumper can make a one time 25 Supply pumper can make a one time 25 PSI adjustment to either lower or raise the PSI adjustment to either lower or raise the water flow ( if requested by the attack water flow ( if requested by the attack pumper). If the flow needs adjusted again pumper). If the flow needs adjusted again the supply pumper will need to calculate the supply pumper will need to calculate the flow.the flow.

HYDRANT RESIDUALHYDRANT RESIDUAL To calculate how much water is left in a To calculate how much water is left in a

hydrant.hydrant. Percent Drop= Percent Drop= Static minus Residual Static minus Residual

X100X100

StaticStatic 0-10% Drop= 3 times amount being 0-10% Drop= 3 times amount being

usedused 11-15% Drop = 2 times11-15% Drop = 2 times 16-25% Drop = Same amount being used16-25% Drop = Same amount being used 25 + % Drop = More water might be 25 + % Drop = More water might be

available, but not as much as is being available, but not as much as is being usedused

Hydraulic ProblemsHydraulic Problems

C (X) QC (X) Q2 2 (X) L (+) NP (+) E (+) (X) L (+) NP (+) E (+) SASA

C : Coefficient C : Coefficient Q : GPM flow divided by 100Q : GPM flow divided by 100L : Length of hose L : Length of hose NP : Nozzle PressureNP : Nozzle PressureE : Elevation E : Elevation SA : Special Appliances SA : Special Appliances

TEST QUESTIONSTEST QUESTIONS

ARE IN BOLD PRINT AND GOLD ARE IN BOLD PRINT AND GOLD WRITINGWRITING

Documents

HYDRAULICS. OBJECTIVES CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER TYPES OF PRESSURES TYPES OF PRESSURES WFRD PUMPERS WFRD PUMPERS DIFFERENT TYPES