Hydrates

Hydrates Chemical compounds that have water

molecules sticking to themWater molecules form part of the chemical

compound’s crystal structureWater of hydration—water within the

crystal structure# of water molecules fixe, does NOT

change

Hydrate Nomenclature

Formula = XYH2OChemical compound + # of water molecules

Separated by a “dot”

Ratio of water to chemical compound—represented by the prefixes

The name and formula indicate how many water molecules are within the chemical structure

Example 1: CaSO4 2H2O

Example 2: Calcium chloride dihydrate

Practice !

1) sodium sulfate decahydrate

2) FeSO4 7H2O

3) CoCl2 6H2O

4) magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

5) tin (IV) chloride pentahydrate

Acid/Base Nomenclature

Acids

Formulas usually begin with an “H”

1) Binary

Hydrogen joined to a nonmetal, 2 elements

Shorten “hydrogen” to “HYDRO”

Drop “ide” ending, add “-IC ACID”

2) Polyatomic

More than 2 elements

Many are oxoacids (H, O, nonmetal)—name based on # of oxygens.

Acids (cont.)

2) Polyatomic ions (cont.)

“-ate” ending, add “-IC ACID” (original)

“-ite” ending, add “-OUS ACID” (one less O than original)

Prefix with hydro and “-ite ending:” add “HYDRO” and “-OUS acid” (2 less O than original)

One additional oxygen than original, add “HYPER/PER” prefix and “IC ACID”

Acid Practice

1) HClO3

2) Sulfuric acid

3) HNO2

4) Hydrobromic acid

Bases

Groups IA and IIA form main bases

1) Name the cation

2) Add “hydroxide” to end

Base Practice

1) NH4OH

2) Strontium hydroxide

3) Ca(OH)2

Classwork

Finish Nomenclature Worksheet

Homework

Inquiry #1 Lab Report—Beer’s Law

Read over Percent Water Lab procedure