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Hydroponics
ProductBy Group Awesomponics
Julie Sole
David Siembida
Greg Hillard
Paul Sujka
Marian Ankomah
Colin Hoelzel
Christian Riley
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What Is Hydroponics?
Hydro = water
Ponics = labor Soil-Free Growing
Uses water and a medium to grow plants
Has been around for centuries
(Perez, 2008)
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History
Does anyone know any historicalexamples?
Hanging gardens of Babylon
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Aztecs Floating Gardens
(Roberto, 2003)
http://www.personal.psu.edu/amp5364/HangingGardens.html
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Essential PartsWater
A method of water circulation
Proper nutrients
Lighting
Plants
Type of design to contain all the above
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Problem
Build complete working system
Must be mobile Educational Purposes
Base must be smaller than 2 ft by 4 ft
Entire system must be under 6 ft
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Project Constraints Contd Self-contained
Lights and pumps inclusive
Able to support multiple types of plant life Red and green leaf lettuces
Budget of $200
Set up initial budget
Many materials donated by Harvest MoonHydroponics
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Advantages Soil-free growing
No mess
Allows plants to be grown where qualitysoil is poor
Eliminates the diseases found in soil
Decreases the amount of time needed for
growing(Perez, 2008)
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Advantages Cont.Decreased growing period = Increased
crop output
Increased crop output = increased profit Pesticides are not needed
Can grow indoors regardless of weather
(Jones, 2005)
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Disadvantages Up front costs are more
Must build apparatus
New growers must research methods of
growing pH levels and nutrients must be monitored
Happens naturally in soil.
Grower must maintain this is hydroponics system
(Jones, 2005)
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Nutrients
Must be added because no naturally occurringnutrients are present
Nutrient chosen was FloraMato
Powder nutrient
Added to the reservoir each time the system isflushed
(Harris, 1992)
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Nutrients (Contd)
Provides the three essentials
of growing Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Will effect the pH in the system
http://sugarcreekgardens.wordpress.com/2009/03/
28/npk-demystified/
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Nutrients used in the system
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pH LevelsWhat is pH?
Potential Hydrogen levels
Measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Measured on a scale of 1 to 14
Neutral pH is 7 (Low, 2002)
http://www.ssc.education.ed.ac.uk/bsl/chemistry/phscaled.html
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pH Levels (Contd)
pH levels affect plants ability to absorbnutrients
If proper pH is not met, maximum plant outputis not achieved (Alexander, T., et al., 2000)
Monitoring pH is as simple as using a basicpH testing kit
Recommended Levels for growing are 6.26.3 (Taylor, 2010)
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AerationAir is needed in cultivating a hydroponics
garden
Allows respiration to occur withoutdrowning the plants
98% of oxygen is absorbed through theroots
(Taylor, 2010)
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Bacteria and Stagnation Stagnation occurs when water and nutrients
arent properly circulated
Can result in bacteria growth
Leads to disease
Results in decreased plant survival rate
Some bacteria is good for a system
Naturally found in nutrients and water
Just as in humans, can increase plants immunityto disease
(Winterborne, 2005)
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Bacteria
How do we avoid controlling good andbad bacteria?
Flush the system each week with fresh waterto prevent disease
Valve at bottom of bucket reservoir
Fresh nutrients added
Root Rot
http://www.coopext.colostate.edu/adams/gh/drootrot.htm
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Variety of Designs Hanging Window Garden
Multiple columns connected by thintubes
Vertical Tower Garden
Utilizes a reservoir at the bottom of the
main pipe
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Hanging Window GardenA frame supports hanging greenhouse-
like bottles
Water is pumped to the top of the frame
Water drips through the bottles
It is recirculated through pump at bottom
and back to the topCan be fitted to windows for natural light
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http://inhabitat.com/windowfarms-grow-an-edible-hanging-indoor-garden-this-winter/
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Vertical Tower GardenConsists of a main pipe at the top of the
reservoir
Pipe is drilled with columns of holes whereplants are inserted
Nutrients are injected into the reservoir
Pumped up a central tube within the pipe
(Roberto, 2003)
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Benefits of Tower System
Durability
PVC vs. recycled bottles
Aeration
obtained by pump splashing water back toreservoir; no extra pump needed
Bacteria
Easily maintained by emptying reservoir weekly
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Building the System:
Tower design was chosen for easy mobilityand durability
Could grow more plants with this design
than hanging garden
Selected one main tower and reservoirbased on cost
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Deciding materials How we calculated pump size
How we calculated reservoir size
6 inch diameter allowed for 2 columns ofplants (roots decided that)
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Self-ContainedDesigned to be entirely mobile
Thus, must be self-contained
One electrical outlet
Everything connects to one power strip
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The Reservoir
5 gallon black bucket
Opaque to avoid nutrient degradation
Plywood enclosure around bucketAsthetics
To ensure light-tight reservoir
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The Reservoir
Reservoir is entry point for nutrition
Hinged door allows for easy monitoring ofpH
Is simple for draining and adding newwater
Valve
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Bucket reservoir and valve
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Pump 550 gallon per hourGives proper circulation of water and
nutrients
Provides enough head to splash water onthe towers cap
Allows for plants to absorb water that
trickles down the pipe sides
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The Mobile BaseConsists of 2 x 4s
Plywood
Caster Wheels
Screws, washers nuts and bolts
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Plant Media Chosen For Use
Rockwool
Artificial (doesnt rot)Allows water/air to flow through
Two 5 foot T-5 80 watt lights
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Net cups and rockwool media that hold plant roots
https://images.nonexiste.net/image/241010
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Plants Red Oak Lettuce and Black-Seeded
Simpson Green Lettuce
FloraMato Nutrients
Nutrients are added after each flushing ofsystem
Will Check pH after each nutritionaddition
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Plants and Nutrients ContinuedAdd pH Lower solution if too basic
If too acidic, add pH Up Solution
pH will affect how the plant absorbs thenutrients in the system
Doboski, T. (2012)
Red Oak Lettuce
http://www.alibaba.com/product-free/11193799/Red_Oak_Lettuce.html
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How it works: Pump moves the water through a 0.75
tube to the top of the pipe.
Water reaches the top of the tube, it exitsas a free jet.
Strikes the top of the rounded pipe cap sothat water is directed to the sides of thepipe in all directions.
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How it works continuedWater runs down the inside of the main
tower pipe
Wets rockwool
The roots absorb nutrients mixed into thewater.
Excess liquid continues down the pipe untilit drains back into the reservoir,
Causes aeration and mixing.
Collected and recirculated throughthe system.
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Future Evaluation of System:
Hydro plants vs. soil plants
Size of plants
Appearance Taste
Compared to soil-grown plants
Black-Seeded Simpson Green Lettuce
http://www.podponics.com/content/black-seeded-simpson
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Evaluation of System:Apparatus
Ease of Use
MaintenanceDurability
Complications
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Factors Not Accounted ForCleaning and replanting
Electricity Draw
Continued use of nutrients, lights, medium
http://www.energyrefuge.com/blog/company-launches-widget-to-help-consumers-save-electricity/
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Possible Future ModificationAdded supports
Angled supports for increased stability
Additional atheistics
Add YSU logo
Add Moon Harvest logo
Adjust light mountings
Cost
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Item Description/Use Estimated Price Quantity Total Cost
6''x10' Sch40 PVC Main tower 42.48 1 42.48 Bought
2"x10' Sch40 PVC Plant holders 6.53 1 6.53 Donated
PVC Flange Mounting for main tower 19.84 1 19.84 Bought
PVC Cement Make plant holders stay in place 6.95 1 6.95 Bought
6" PVC Cap Disperse water on plants 11.00 1 11.00 Bought
Pump, 8' Head Pump 25.00 1 25.00 Donated
2" Net Cups Plant holders 0.15 30 4.50 Donated
Rockwool Plant holders 0.15 30 4.50 Donated
Caster Wheels Base 6.00 4 24.00 Donated
Tank 5 gallon bucket 7.95 1 7.95 Donated
Lumber - 2''x4''x8' SPF Cart 3.00 6 18.00 Donated
Lumber - Plywood 1/2'x4'x8' Cart - Base/Box 22.26 1 22.26 Donated
Misc. Fasteners/Screws (1 Box) Put the cart together 12.00 1 12.00 Donated
Bolt 1/4''x1.5'' w/ 2 nuts, 2 washers each Hold flange & pipe in place/Stainless 2.00 4 8.00 Bought
Stainless Eye Bolt 5/8''x8''w/2nut,2wash Hold hose & pipe in place at top 4.00 1 4.00 Bought
12' clear tubing, 1/2" dia. Feeding tube, (price per foot) 0.75 8 6.00 Donated
Seeds Plants! 1.35 2 2.70 Donated
pH lower Measure pH of plants 8.95 1 8.95 Donated
Pro pH Test Kit pH test kit 5.95 1 5.95 Donated
5' Single T5 Fixture w/ Bulb Flourescent Light Fixture 24.97 2 49.94 Donated
Timer Set times the tights & pump will run 15.00 1 15.00 Bought
5 Gal. Bucket Water Reservoir 3.00 1 3.00 Donated
FloraMato 1.5lb Dry Nutrients 15.34 1 15.34 DonatedHumidity Dome Used to grow seeds 2.50 1 2.50 Donated
Cut Kit Tray 10" x 20' Used to grow seeds 2.00 1 2.00 Donated
Power Strip Supply power to pump and lights 4.00 1 4.00 Donated
Total Cost = 332.39
Actual Amount Paid = 107.27
Cost
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MarketingCan marketing the design and system
Healthy choices
Via the internet Larger audience
Marketing Produce
Could be sold to local markets or grocers
Organic and pesticide free
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References Alexander, T., et al. (2000). The best of growing edge. (2 ed., pp. 47-51). Corvallis,
OR: New Moon Publishing, Inc Doboski, T. (2012). Personal Communication. February 5, 2012. Harris, D. (1992). Hydroponics: the complete guide to gardening without soil. (pp.
18-22). London: New Holland Publishing. Jones, J. (2005). Hydroponics: a practical guide for the soilless grower. (2 ed., Vol.
1, pp. 4-5). CRC Press: United States of America. Low, G. (2002). Integral hydroponics: Indoor growing principles for beginners and
intermediates. (3 ed., p. 6). North Charleston: BookSurge Publishing.
Munson. B. (2009). Fundamentals of fluid mechanics. (6 ed.). Hoboken: JohnWiley & Sons, Inc. Perez, L. (2008). Hydroponics for the home. (pp. 5-12). San Jose: Inter-American
Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture. Resh, H. (2003). Hobby hydroponics. (pp. 9-16). Mahway: Newconcept Press.
Roberto, K. (2003). How to hydroponics. (4 ed.). Farmingdale: The FuturegardenPress.
Smith, D. (1987). Rockwool in horticulture. (pp. 10-15). London: Grower Books.
Taylor, A. (2010). Flairform growers guide. (1 ed.). Kardinya, Western Australia:Flairform Growers. Venter, G. (2010). Successful hydroponics. (pp. 116-118). Bloomington: Xlibris
Corporation Winterborne, J. (2005). Hydroponics: Indoor horticulture. (pp. 198-204). Guildford:
Pukka Press Ltd.
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Day 2
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Day 3
Day 4
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Day 6
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Day 8
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Day 9
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