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Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
Advanced Engineering – Thomas JUSTIN
Hybrid trucks, a solution for cities
UTBM – November 28th, 2013
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2
Group Trucks
Sales &
Marketing and
JVs APAC
Group Trucks
Technology
Group Trucks
Operations
Group Trucks
Sales &
Marketing
Americas
Group Trucks
Sales &
Marketing
EMEA
Financial
Services
Business
Areas (Volvo Penta,
Volvo Aereo, Buses,
Governmental sales)
Construction
Equipment
Constr
Equi
The Volvo Group
2013-11-28
T. JUSTIN PAGE 3
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
RENAULT TRUCKS DISTRIBUTION RANGE
RENAULT TRUCKS D RENAULT TRUCKS D RENAULT TRUCKS D RENAULT TRUCKS D ACCESS
2.3 M CAB 2.1 M CAB
18 -> 26 T 10 -> 18 T 3.5 -> 7.5 T 18 -> 26 T
ENGINES ENGINES ENGINES ENGINES
DTI 8: 250 / 280 / 320 HP DTI 5: 210 / 240 HP DTI 3: 150 / 180 HP DTI 8: 280 / 320 HP
DTI 8: 250 / 280 HP
GVW GVW GVW GVW
18/19 -> 26 T 10 -> 18 T 3.5 -> 7.5 T 18/19 -> 26 T
GCW GCW GCW
21.5 -> 44 T 13.5 -> 36 T 7 -> 11 T
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
4
· Background
· Energy efficiency of trucks
· Which trucks for cities ?
· Why hybrids ?
· Hybrid concepts
· Conclusion
Hybrid trucks : a solution for cities
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
A little history of electromobility
The « Jamais contente », full electric car
from Jenatzy, is the first automobile to
reach 100 km/h, in 1899.
5
Lohner-Porsche
series hybrid
w/ wheel motors
1900
Sovel electric1955
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
Transport - Facts and Figures
6
http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Chiffres-cles-du-transport-Edition,27305.html
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
Transport - Facts and Figures
7
http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Chiffres-cles-du-transport-Edition,27305.html
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0 1 2 3 4 5
ESC NOx (g/kWh)
ES
C P
M (
g/k
Wh
)US 02
Euro 4 (2006)Euro 5 (2009)
US 07US10
Euro 3 (2001)
Euro 6
Regulated emission levels for trucks
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28 8
T. JUSTIN PAGE 9
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
LONG HAUL TRUCKS Fuel Consumption
Fuel + Adblue Equivalent Consumption (l/100 km) for a European Long-haul Truck (average weight: 32 tons)
Oil Crises
- 2% / year
Emission Focus
- 1% / year CO2 Focus
- 2% / year ?
T. JUSTIN PAGE 9
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
T. JUSTIN PAGE 10
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
8%
Charge Air
Cooling
29%
Exhaust
Gases
15%
Heat to
Coolant
4%
Engine
Friction
3%
Acces-
sories
3%
Driveline
Friction
19% Air Drag
19% Rolling
Resistance
38%
100%
Fuel
Energy
40 ton long-haul truck
at 90 km/h on a flat road
LONG HAUL TRUCKS Energy Balance
T. JUSTIN PAGE 11
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
LONG HAUL TRUCKS Fuel Saving Potential
Tractor air drag 4%
Trailer air drag 8%
Tires & bearings 5%
Weight 1%
Driveline 8%
Waste-Heat Recovery 5%
Controls 3%
Accessories 2%
Platooning
or Roadtrains 10%
X%: Fuel saving potential (%) until 2030 (Baseline: 2015 product)
Total potential: 38%
T. JUSTIN PAGE 12
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
Fuel + Adblue Equivalent Consumption (l/100 km) for an European Delivery Truck (average weight: 10 tons)
CO2 Focus
- 2% / year ?
Emission Focus
0% / year
DISTRIBUTION TRUCKS Fuel Consumption
T. JUSTIN PAGE
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
T. JUSTIN PAGE 13
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
Air drag 6%
Tires & bearings 8%
Weight 2%
Driveline 4%
Brake Energy Recovery 20%
Improved controls 5%
Improved accessories 3%
5%
DISTRIBUTION TRUCKS Fuel Saving Potential X%: Fuel saving potential (%) until 2030 (Baseline: 2015 product)
Total potential: 39%
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
14
Which trucks for cities ? Energy efficiency
· Energy efficiency of heavy vehicles vs light vehicles
5 times less fuel
per ton x km
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
15
Which trucks for cities ? Towards sustainable road transport
· Productivity
– Economic vitality of cities
– Profitability of transport companies
· Protection of the environment
– Reduced energy consumption
– Reduced CO2 emissions
– Diversified energy sources
· Social acceptance
– Reduced exhaust emissions
– Reduced noise emissions
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
· Answers from Renault Trucks
· Answers from Volvo Trucks
· Answers from Volvo Bus Corporation
16
Which trucks for cities ? Towards sustainable road transport
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
T. JUSTIN PAGE 17
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
Middle Term (2015+)
Long Term (2025+)
Urban
Regional
Inter-Urban
Long Haul
Diesel
Diesel
Diesel
Short Term
Electric
Slide-in
…
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY LANDSCAPE
Bio & Synthetic Diesel
Hybrid
Hybrid Natural &
Biogas
Natural &
Biogas
Hybrid
Electric
Electric
Electric
Natural &
Biogas
Hydrogen (Fuel Cells)
…
T. JUSTIN PAGE 18
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
NOISE
POLLUTION
-2dB
UP TO
20%
FUEL SAVING
zer0 Emission
PREMIUM
OPTIFUEL
6,4%
FUEL SAVING
PROPOSE THE RIGHT TRANSPORT SOLUTION
At the right PLACE, with the right ENERGY
T. JUSTIN PAGE 19
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
… AND GET READY FOR THE FUTURE
Build and test 3 MD electric trucks for
different urban usages, by reducing by
over -30% GHG emissions, while
maintaining other features close to a
thermal vehicle
MELODYS
CITYBRID Prepare next generation of Hybrid
vehicles, by developing Plug-in and
e-PTO technologies and focusing on
overall vehicle energy efficiency
LNG BLUE
CORRIDORS
Launch a large-scale demonstration of
heavy duty vehicles running with
liquefied methane based on HPDI
technology, to prepare and facilitate a
broad market development
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
Volvo Bus Corporation
· Since the introduction of the Volvo 7900 Hybrid in 2010, nearly 1,200
units have been sold to customers in 21 countries
21
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
http://www.volvobuses.com/bus/global/en-
gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/
NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=144983&News.Language=en-gb
2013-11-28
· 3 plug-in hybrids are being tested in
service, since May, in Gothenburg
– Operate on electricity alone more
than two-thirds of the time.
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
22
Hybrid trucks : a solution for cities
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
· Background
· Energy efficiency of trucks
· Which trucks for cities ?
· Why hybrids ?
· Hybrid concepts
· Conclusion
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
23
· Stop and go driving
· Engine idling
Why hybrids ? Inner city driving conditions
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
24
power assist
regenerative braking
Why hybrids ? Regenerative braking
Vehic
le V
elo
city (
km
/h);
energy storage
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
25
Why hybrids ? Energy balance of a diesel refuse truck
energy contained in fuel
internal
resistance
heat exhaust wheels
crankshaft
% of mechanical energy
combustion
outlet shaft
transmission
fuel tank
Efficiency gains on the complete truck
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
Avoid torque
converter
Electric waste
compacting
26
Regenerative
braking
Idle shut down
Management of
auxiliaries
Plug-in
Urban distribution Urban refuse collection
-20%
-40%
Fuel savings
Reference
(diesel truck)
Why hybrids ? Fuel economy and emissions
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
27
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Towards plug-in Well to Wheel efficiency
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
Environmental footprint
28
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
29
Hybrid trucks : a solution for cities
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
· Background
· Energy efficiency of trucks
· Which trucks for cities ?
· Why hybrids ?
· Hybrid concepts
· Conclusion
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
Electric drivelines
30
Battery Rear axle Motor
differential
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
Electric drivelines
50km/h 90km/h)
31
Torq
ue a
t w
heel (N
m)
Vehicle speed
Battery
Rear axle
Motor
2 speed
Torq
ue a
t w
heel (N
m)
acceleration
requirement
gradeability
requirement
max speed
requirement
Why ?
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Engineering
32
Hybrid concepts Series
· Pros
– Flexible vehicle architecture
– Easier to develop
· Cons
– Energy efficiency
– Cost of electric systems
Battery
Rear axle
Motor
2 speed
IC Engine Generator
– Decoupling engine from wheel
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Engineering
33
Hybrid concepts Parallel
IC Engine
Battery
Gearbox Rear axle
Motor –
Generator
· Pros
– Energy efficiency
– Cost of electric systems
· Cons
– More complexe interactions
between components
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
34
Automated Manual Transmission
12 gears
AC/DC
Inverter
Li-ion Batteries
600V
Electric Motor
permanent magnet synchronous
120kW - 800Nm
7 liter Diesel Engine
330 hp - EuroV
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
The Volvo Group Parallel Hybrid
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
35
The Volvo Group Parallel Hybrid
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
T. JUSTIN PAGE 36
NOVEMBER 28th 2013
HYBRID TRUCKS, A SOLUTION FOR CITIES
Hybrid (Parallel)
PREMIUM 19-26 tons (HYBRYS TECH Commercial Offer)
Up to 1.5 km
Similar as Diesel
Up to -20% vs Conv.
Dxi7 310-340 hp Euro V
70 kW / 400 Nm
1.2 kWh Li-ion
220 kg
Electric (Plug-in Series Hybrid)
MIDLUM 16 tons (MELODYS AE project)
60 km
> 400 km
-30% vs Conv.
Dxi5 (+ 70 kW EM)
103 kW / 450 Nm
85 kWh Li-ion
1,000 kg
4 hours charge
Electric (Full)
MIDLUM 16 tons (MELODYS AE project)
120 km
-86% vs Conv.
None
103 kW / 450 Nm
170 kWh Li-ion
2,000 kg
8 hours charge
TOWARDS ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION TRUCKS
Electric range
Total range
CO2 per ton of cargo For France
(92 g CO2 / kWh electricity)
Thermal engine
Electric engine
ESS
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
37
Hybrid driveline
Electric vehicle
auxiliaries
Cooling of electric
components
Steering
pump
Air
compressor
Air-conditioning
compressor
Customer
Applications
Power take-off in
electric mode
Standard
chassis
dard
sis
Hybrid Technology Vehicle impacts
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Volvo Group Trucks Technology – Advanced Technology & Research
38
§ Hybrid and electric trucks are reality
§ Diversity of concepts to fit different
requirements
§ Still many challenges ahead
Thomas Justin – Hybrid & Electric Medium Duty Trucks
2013-11-28
Conclusion