Integrating Large Scale, Innovative Solar Thermal Systems into the Built Environment

J 26 2013June 26, 2013 11:00am – 12:30PMTrack: Renewable & Alternative Energy Sources Sponsor: 6.7 Solar Energy Utilization

Hybrid Geothermal / Solar ThermalHVAC S t P t1 D i

Jim LeidelO kl d U i it

Sponsor: 6.7 Solar Energy Utilization

HVAC System: Part1 Design(OU Human Health Building)

Oakland UniversityDenver, June 26, 2013

Session Learning Objectives1. What do solar thermal energy systems provide for the built

environment?2. Components of active solar thermal systems?3. Examples of loads served by solar thermal systems.4 Th t di h l l th l t4. Three case studies where large solar thermal systems.5. Thermal energy storage (it’s use and sizing) required by

solar energy supply vs load. Review for each case.gy pp y6. Design challenges & major system design options faced

while implementing large solar thermal projects.

ASHRAE is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to ASHRAE Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion

for non-AIA members are available on request.

2

This program is registered with the AIA/ASHRAE for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or

any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

AGENDA• Quick Look at Solar Thermal Economics as

Compared to Solar PVCompared to Solar PV• Case Studies:

Oakland University Human Health Building: Hybrid– Oakland University Human Health Building: Hybrid Geothermal / Solar Thermal HVAC System: Pt 1 Design

– District Energy St. Paul: Solar Thermal & Biomass for gyDowntown St. Paul, Minnesota

– Drake Landing Solar Community with Seasonal Energy StorageStorage

3

Economics of Solar Thermal

Solar PV vs. Solar Thermalin Today’s Marketplace

$600Thermal System @$1,400 / sq meter (60% efficient)

$400

$500y @ , q ( )

PV System @$4.00 / Watt (15% efficient)

$200

$30016% solar capacity factor for both & solar thermal assumes 80% eff

$0

$100

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

assumes 80% eff. displaced gas heat$5 to $12 / MCF

$0.0

$0.0

$0.0

$0.0

$0.0

$0.0

$0.0

$0.0

$0.1

$0.1

$0.1

$0.1

$0.1

$0.1

$0.1

$0.1

Utility Cost per kWhr (or kWhr equivalent of natural gas)

Comparison of the annual energy value of two separate $10 000 solar systems: PV and solarseparate $10,000 solar systems: PV and solar

thermal at various utility rates.

$1 000

PV Annual Output Value for a $10,000 Investment

$800

$900

$1,000

alue

$500

$600

$700

nerg

y Va

$200

$300

$400

Ann

ual E

n

$2.50

3 00 50 0 $0 10$0.12

$0.14$0.16

$0

$100

$A

$2.

$3.0

$3.50

$4.00

$4.50

$5.00

$5.50

$6.00

$0.08$0.10

Cost per Watt (installed cost)Utility Electrical Cost per kWhrp

Sensitivity analysis of $10,000 PV investment with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates

$

Thermal Annual Output Value for a $10,000 Investment

$800

$900

$1,000al

ue

$500$600

$700

Ener

gy V

a

$200$300$400

Ann

ual E

$1,00

0$1

,100

200

300

00 0 $5 00$7.00

$9.00$11.00$0

$100

A

$1 $1,

$1,2

$1,30

$1,40

0$1

,500

$1,60

0$1

,700

$5.00

Cost per Square Meter (installed cost)

Utility NaturalGas Costper MCF

Sensitivity analysis of $10,000 solar thermal investment with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates

p

PV Solar Thermal

$900

$1,000

$800

$900

$1,000

e

Solar Thermal

$400

$500$600

$700

$800

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

l Ene

rgy

Valu

00$9 00

$11.00$0$100$200$300$400

50 0

$0.12$0.14

$0.16$0

$100

$200

$300

$

Ann

ual

$1,00

0$1

,100

$1,20

0$1

,300

$1,40

0$1

,500

$1,60

0$1

,700

$5.00$7.00

$9.00

Cost per Square Meter (installed cost)

Utility NaturalGas Costper MCF

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

$4.50

$5.00

$5.50

$6.00

$0.08$0.10

$0

Cost per Watt (installed cost)Utility Electrical Cost per kWhr

Sensitivity analysis of separate $10,000 PV or solar thermal investments with varying installed cost andthermal investments with varying installed cost and natural gas or electric rates

Conclusion?Conclusion?

Need to utilize solar thermal energy for more than justenergy for more than just

space heating & domestic HW.g

L k t liLook at space cooling (displacing electricity usage)(displacing electricity usage)

Located in SoutheastLocated in Southeast Michigan, just north of Detroit in suburban Oakland County

Public University

Golden Grizzlies

19,000 students

3.0M square feet3.0M square feet

132 baccalaureate degree programs

126 graduate degree and certificatecertificate programs

1,440 acre campus

Clean Energy Projects at Oakland

Human Health Building: Geothermal / Solar Thermal Hybrid Project

What are Ground Source Heat Pumps?

Cooling Mode400 Tons

Heating Mode150 Tons

Heat Rejected

Heat AbsorbedRejected

to theEarth

Absorbedfrom the Earth

also referred to as Geothermal Heat Pumpsor GeoExchange

HHB Project Overview

Technologies Utilized

Geothermal System

150 ton ground loop(heating load only)

Geothermal System (grant funded full system)

400 ton ground loop(full cooling load)

Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pumps

Solar Thermal Desiccant Dehumidification

Temperatures Needed for Thermally Activated Cooling Technologies

100% Outdoor Air Unit (with desiccant)

Technical ApproachTechnical Approach

Desiccant DehumidificationC liCooling

Dedicated Outdoor Air Units (DOAS)

Desiccant DehumidificationC liCooling

COOLING MODEMODE

Ground Loop Spec’s

Ground Loop Spec’s (pg2)

ENERGY SYSTEM

DIAGRAMDIAGRAM

ENERGY FLOWS

Meter InformationTAG Description Unit Media Dirctn MeterE l t Electrical utility kWhr Electricity In Nexus 1262

ete o at o

Eelect Electrical utility kWhr Electricity In Nexus 1262Espv Solar photovoltaics kWhr Electricity In Shark 200Eng Natural gas utility MCF Natural gas In GasE Solar thermal system BTU Solar hot water In Ultrasonic BTUEsth Solar thermal system BTU Solar hot water In Ultrasonic BTUEgeo Ground loop BTU Ground loop water Bi-dir Ultrasonic BTUEstore Solar ground storage BTU Solar hot water Bi-dir Ultrasonic BTUE DOAS intake air BTU Outdoor air In Air flow & tempEV1in DOAS intake air BTU Outdoor air In Air flow & tempEV1out DOAS intake exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out Air flow & tempEV2in DOAS intake air BTU Outdoor air In Air flow & tempE DOAS intake exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out Air flow & tempEV2out DOAS intake exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out Air flow & tempEexh Laboratory exhaust BTU Exhaust air Out NoneEsmelt Snow melt system BTU Hot water Out Ultrasonic BTU

Meter informationMeter information

Nexus 1262 Utility switchboard electric meter

Shark 200 Multifunction panel electric meter

G R t t l t ith lGas Rotary natural gas meter with pulser

Ultrasonic BTU Ultrasonic flow and energy meter

Air flow & temp Dedicated Outdoor Air Unit (DOAS) with packaged air flow station andwith packaged air flow station andtemperature / humidity sensors usedby the building automation system to

l lcalculate energy

MECHANICALSYSEMS

SOLAR THERMAL

DOAS2

BOILERDOAS THERMALH/C’s

21

SNOW

GROUND

SNOWMELT

SOLARTHERMALSTORAGEGROUND

LOOPSTORAGEDOMESTIC

HW

GROUND LOOPGROUND LOOP WATER DIAGRAM

SIMPLIFIED HEATING DIAGRAM

SIMPLIFIED HEATING DIAGRAM

SIMPLIFIEDSIMPLIFIED COOLINGDIAGRAMDIAGRAM

SWS = SOURCEWATER SUPPLY

CONTROL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

VRFVRF

HeatHeat

Pumpsp

Variable a ab eRefrigerant Flow Compressors with VFD’s

Solar PV on top of penthouse

End of Part 1: System Design

Part 2: Construction Commissioning &Part 2: Construction, Commissioning & Lessons Learned

Part 3: Energy Monitoring & Performance

Questions ?Questions ?

Jim LeidelDirector of Clean Energy Systems

leidel@oakland eduleidel@oakland.eduwww.oakland.edu/CERC and www.oakland.edu/ENERGY