Upload
peragas
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 Hybrid Car- Passage & Exercises
1/4
EST FORM 4S
Read the passage below carefully to understand more about
HYBRID CARS.
When a vehicle combines two or more sources of power, then it is a hybrid. In fact, many would haveprobably owned a hybrid vehicle at some point in their lives. For instance, a mo-ped (a motorised pedal bike )
is a type of hybrid because it combines pedal power with the power of a gasoline engine. Hybrid vehicles are
already commonly used. The locomotives that we see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. Cities in the US
have diesel-electric buses. These buses can harness the electric power from overhead wires or run on dieselwhen they are away from the wires. Giant mining trucks are mostly diesel-electric hybrids. Submarines are also
hybrid vehicles where some are diesel-electric and the more recent ones are nuclear-electric. When two or more
sources of power are combined that can directly or indirectly provide propulsion power for a vehicle, it istermed a hybrid. When you cross a gasoline-powered car and an electric car a gasoline-electric hybrid is born.
Hybrid cars contain the following components.
Gasoline engine
The gasoline engine on a hybrid is smaller than normal cars. However, it uses advanced technologies
that reduce emissions and increase efficiency.
Fuel tankIt is the energy storage device for the gasoline engine. Gasoline has a much higher energy density than
batteries do. For instance, it requires about 1 000 pounds of batteries to store as much energy as one gallon ( 7pounds ) of gasoline.
Electric motorThis component is sophisticated. Due to its advanced electronics, it is able to act as a motor as well as a
generator. This motor can draw energy from the batteries to accelerate the car, but it can also slow down the car
and return the energy to the batteries; thus, acting as a generator.
Generator
It is similar to an electric motor, but its role is to only produce electric power.
The batteries
The batteries in a hybrid car are the energy storage devices, serving the electric motor. The gasoline in
the fuel tank can only power the gasoline engine. But, the electric motor in a hybrid car can put energy into the
batteries as well as draw energy from them.
Transmission
The transmission or the gear system in a hybrid car performs the same basic functions as thetransmission in a conventional car.
You can combine the two power sources found in a hybrid car in different ways. One way is known as a
parallel hybrid. It has a fuel tank that supplies gasoline to the engine. Another source of power that is availableis a set of batteries that supplies power to an electric motor. Both the engine and the electric motor can turn on
the transmission at the same time and the transmission then turn the wheels.
Why the hybrid car? The reasons are twofold: to reduce emission and to improve the vehicles mileageA car that burns twice as mush gas to go a kilometre will contribute to approximately twice as much pollution
This pollution can be removed by the emissions control equipment in the car. Therefore, by decreasing the fuel
consumption of the car, we are decreasing the emissions. Furthermore, carbon dioxide ( CO 2) is another type ofpollution that a car coughs up. Scientists suspect that CO2 contributes to global warming. For the moment, a
conventional car has no device to remove CO2 from the exhaust. Hence, the hybrid car could help reduce
pollution in our environment
Peragas Nadason /SMKK/27/1/05
8/8/2019 Hybrid Car- Passage & Exercises
2/4
EST FORM 4S
A. Vocabulary
Fill in the box with the word below to match the meanings given
gasoline harness transmission termed
locomotive generator sophisticated storage devicecoughs up components efficiency carbon dioxide
No. Meaning Word___________
1. the gear system that drives a machine ____________________________
2. petrol ____________________________
3. tap the energy from, get power from ____________________________
4. known as ____________________________
5. parts ____________________________
6. giving out smoke ____________________________
7. a part designed to store something ____________________________
( e.g. a fuel in a car )
8. complicated, not simple ____________________________
9. a part that provides electricity for a car ____________________________
10. a normal car, a traditional car ____________________________
11. performance (of a car ), in terms of power and fuel
consumption ____________________________
12. a type of pollution that car coughs up ____________________________
Peragas Nadason /SMKK/27/1/05
8/8/2019 Hybrid Car- Passage & Exercises
3/4
EST FORM 4S
B. Understanding The Text
Answer the following questions
1. What is a hybrid?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
2. Why is the mo-ped considered a hybrid?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
3. How is the gasoline engine in a hybrid car better than the one in a normal car?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
4. Explain the dual function of the motor in a hybrid.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
5. The hybrid car can be said to be environment friendly. Why?
Peragas Nadason /SMKK/27/1/05
8/8/2019 Hybrid Car- Passage & Exercises
4/4
EST FORM 4S
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
_
Peragas Nadason /SMKK/27/1/05