HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection and … 09-200709-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power TransmissionPower Transmissio and Distributionn and Distribution HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection

1 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution1 09-2007

HVDC Solutions for System Interconnectionand Advanced Grid Access

200720072007

Dag SoerangrDietmar RetzmannJoerg Dorn Cristen Schimpf

PTD H 1 MT/Re

2 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re2 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007

lobal rendson Power MarketsCO2 Reduction – Green EnergyMegacities – Security of Supply

3 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

Conclusions of IPCC: CO2 Increase due to human Influence is much higher than natural Fluctuation

Carbon Dioxide Variations in the Air400

350

300

250

200

0 100 200 300 400

Thousandsof Years ago

Würm / Weichsel Riß / SaaleIce Age Mindel / Elster

CO2Concentration (ppmv)

Sources: Siemens PTD TI, Wikipedia, 2006

A crucial Global Issue: to achieve CO2 Reduction

The Industrial Revolution has caused a dramatic Rise in CO2

4 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re4 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

ecurity

09-2007

ask 1

of Power Supply


Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”

System Enhancement necessary !

Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”

If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout

The US Blackout 2003:Congestion, Overloadsand Loop Flows

Problems only in thesynchronous interconnected Systems

* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor

*

6 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re6 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

ustainability

09-2007

ask 2

of Power Supply


Renewable Energy Resources at favorableLocations *

Transmission of large Power Blocks over long Distances (Hydro, Wind * and Solar Energy)

Increased Power Exchange among the Interconnected Systems

Extensions of Interconnected Systems

Development of Power Systems

* A big Issue for the Grid Developments – in all Countries* A big Issue for the Grid Developments – in all Countries


Transmission Efficiency !

Power Quality !

System Stability !

Long Lifetime !

Low

Investments !

Today’s Challenges for a Solution Provider

Low CO2Emissions !

The Solution is: Power Electronics

FACTS

HVDC

9 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re9

Use of Advanced Solutions

PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution

The Global Potentialin CO2 Reduction and Security Enhancementis huge

for Power Transmission09-2007


Use of Power Electronics for HVDC & FACTSTransient Performance and Losses

More Dynamics for better Power Quality:Use of Power Electronic Circuits for Controlling P, V & QParallel and/or Series Connection of ConvertersFast AC/DC and DC/AC Conversion

ThyristorThyristor

50/60 Hz

GTOGTO

< 500 Hz

IGBT / IGCT

Losses

> 1000 Hz

Transition from “slow” to “fast”

Switching Frequency

On-Off Transition 20 - 80 ms

1-2 %

The Solution for Bulk Power Transmission

Depending on Solution

2-4 %


HVDCHVDCHigh Power DC

Transmission

Systems

High Voltage Direct Current

11 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007


HVDC - High Voltage DC Transmission: It makes P flow

HVDC-LDT - Long Distance Transmission

HVDC “Classic” with LT Thyristors* (Line-commutated Converter)

HVDC “Bulk” with 800 kV – for 5,000 MW to > 7,000 MW

HVDC PLUS (Voltage-Sourced Converter – VSC)

HVDC can be combined with FACTS

V-Control included

Advanced Power Transmission Systems

B2B - The Short Link

Back-to-Back Station

AC AC

DC Cable

AC AC

Submarine Cable Transmission

800 kV for minimal LineTransmission Losses

Long Distance OHL Transmission

DC Line

AC AC

* LTT = Light-Triggered Thyristor with integrated Break-over Protection


Options of HVDC Interconnections

b) HVDC Long Distance Transmission

a)

a) Back-to-Back Solution

Can be connected to long AC Lines

b)

c) Integration of HVDC into the AC System

c)

c)


Hydro Plants for:Base Load andEnergy Storage

Plus Wind Power

Covering Base and

“flexible”

“fuzzy”

Peak-Load Demands

Basslink HVDC: remote Infeed of Green Energy

no additional Thermal Plants

Cost Reduction

Benefits of HVDC:Clean Energy CO2 Reduction

2005


New DC Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA

Customer:

End User:

Location:

Project

Development:

Supplier:

Transmission:

Power Rating:

Transmission Dist.:

Neptune RTS

Long Island Power Authority

(LIPA)

New Jersey: Sayreville

Long Island: Duffy Avenue

NTP-Date: 07/2005

PAC: 07/2007

Consortium

Siemens / Prysmian

Sea Cable – 500 kV

600/660 MW monopolar

82 km DC Sea Cable

23 km Land Cable

Ed Stern, President of Neptune RTS: “High Voltage Direct Current Transmission will play an increasingly important Role, especially as itbecomes necessary to tap Energy Reserves whose Sources are far away from the Point of Consumption”

Safe and reliable Power Supply for the Megacities –“Blackout Prevention”

Atlantic Ocean

15 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re


Neptune HVDC: 660 MW Full Power Delivery

16 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re

Blackout in New York City – June 27, 2007

Neptune HVDCsuccessfully supported Long Island’s Power Supply - 700,000 Householdscould be saved

385,000 People without Electricity in Manhattan and Bronx: Subway broke down, Traffic Lights out of Operation – up to 1 hour Power Outage

Power Transmission and DistributionPower Transmission and Distribution

Long Island: Duffy Avenue

New Jersey: Sayreville

in Trial Operation – 2 Weeks ahead of Schedule


No Increase inShort-Circuit Power

Europe – The HVDC Portfolio is growing

Customer:Energinet.dk

System Data:Rating 600 MWVoltage 400 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 56 km

Customer:BritNed Development Ltd.

System Data:Rating 1000 MWVoltage 400 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 200 km

2010

2010BritNed

Storebælt

Sharing ofReserve Capacity

Energy Exchangeby Sea Cable


Siemens received the Order for the World’s first 800 kV HVDC in China Southern Power Grid

Siemens – the Leader in Bulk Power DC Transmission Technology

Yunnan-Guangdong

5,000 MW1,418 Km

+/- 800 kV DC

Commercial Operation:2009 – Pole 12010 – Pole 2

Reduction in CO2 versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix

32.9 m tons p.a. - by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission


Sunan

To Sichuan Power GridJinping Plant I

GuandiLinping

Jinping Plant I I

Xichang

Wuhan

Guangdong

LeshanChongqing

Changsha

Shanghai

Jinping ± 800 kV HVDC Transmission Project


Source: “Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems –Planning and Engineering Issues”, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

6,400 MW+/- 800 kV DC

Planned for 2012

2,237 Km

For Comparison: Germany 840 Km


R O U R K E L A

R A IP U R H IR M A

T A L C H E R

J A IP U R

N E R

E RW R

N R

S R

B 'S H A R IF

A L L A H A B A D

S IP A T

G A Z U W A K A

J E Y P O R EC H A N D R A P U R

S IN G R A U L I

V IN D H Y A -

2000M

W

2000MW

3000M W

1 0 0 0 M W

5 0 0 M W

L U C K N O W

D IH A N G

C H IC K E N N E C K

K R IS H N A

T E E S T A

T IP A IM U K HB A D A R P U R

M IS A

D A M W E

K A T H A L -G U R I

L E G E N D

7 6 5 K V L IN E S 4 0 0 K V L IN E S

H V D C B /B

H V D C B IP O L E

E X IS T IN G / X P L A N X I P L A N

Z E R D A

H IS S A R

B O N G A IG A O N

D E V E L O P M E N T O F N A T IO N A L G R ID

K O L H A P U R

N A R E N D R A

K A IG A

M A N G A L O R E

P O N D A

IX P L A N

M A R IA N I

N .K .

K A H A L G A O N

R A N G A N A D I

S E O N I

C H E G A O N

B H A N D A R A

D E H G A M

K A R A D

L O N IK A N D

V A P I

G A N D H A R /

T A L AA R U N

B A N G L A

B A L L A B G A R H A 'P U R(D E L H I R IN G )

B A N G A L O R E

K O Z H IK O D E

C O C H IN

K A Y A M K U L A M

T R IV A N D R U M

P U G A L U R

K A Y A T H A R

K A R A IK U D I

C U D D A L O R E

S O U T H C H E N N A I

K R IS H N A P A T N A M

C H IT T O O R

V IJA Y A W A D A

S IN G A R P E T

P IP A V A V

L IM B D I

K IS H E N P U R

D U L H A S T IW A G O O R A

M O G A

U R I

B H U T A N

R A M A G U N D A M

S A T L U JR A V I

J U L L A N D H A R

D E S HN A G A R

V A R A N A S I

/U N N A O

M 'B A D

P U R N E A

K O R B A

N A G D A

S IL IG U R I/B IR P A R A

P H A S E - III

NIC

OB

AR

AND

AM

AN

AND

LAKSHAD

WEEP

T E H R I

M E E R U T

B H IW A D I

B IN A S A T N A

M A L A N P U RS H IR O H I

K A W A S

A M R A V A T I

A K O L A

(B y 2 0 1 2 )

A G R A

S IR S I

C H A L

J E T P U RA M R E L I

B O IS A RT A R A P U R

P A D G H E

D H A B O L

K O Y N A

/B A R H

G 'P U R

H O S U R

Prospects in China and India:

“Smart”andStrong Grids

Similar Prospects … as in China

+/- 800 kV HVDC !

Grid Extension in India - Hybrid AC plus DC

Source: “Brazil-India-China Summit Meeting on HVDC & Hybrid Systems – Planning and Engineering Issues”, July 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil



Technology Issues forfor UHV DC Transmission

More Powerout of the Grid …

plus CO2 Reduction

09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution


Air-Core, Air-cooled Smoothing Reactor and Converter Transformer – The Dimensions are “huge”

500 kV DC500 kV DC in the Pictures in the Pictures –– are now are now being extended to being extended to 800 kV DC800 kV DC

Mostly an Issue of Mechanics –


but not only …


UHV DC Reactor – in Test Field

800 kV DC3,125 A75 mH28 tons !


UHV DC Bushing at Test Lab TU Graz – Austria


800 kV DC Bushing in Test Field

24 PTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007


AC (1 min) 1,020 kVSI 1,790 kVLI (FW/CW) 2,080/2,320 kVDC (2 hrs) 1,175 kVPR (90/90/45 min) 935 kV

48** Transformers – for the Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Project

Test Voltages

** plus 8 Spare Units

800 kV HVDC Transformer under Construction320 MVA Single-Phase* Transformer

* for Transportation Reasons

Core Design: 3 Limbs & 2 Return LimbsL x W x H: 26 x 6.4 x 15.2 mTotal Weight: 512 tons


Valve Hall Configuration – for UHV DC

400 kV Valve Hall

DC Neutral

400 kV DC

Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

400 kV DC

800 kV Valve Hall

to 800 kV DC Line

“Ready for Transmission”

Each Valve Group can be bypassed … n-1 Criteria

09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re


Transformer Bushings

400 kV DC 800 kV DC

400 kV-Valve Group 800 kV-Valve GroupDC NeutralDC Line

Each PoleEach Pole can be operated with can be operated with 400 kV DC400 kV DC

N-1 Criteria: fully redundant HVDC Scheme –with two 12-Pulse Converters per Pole

09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/ReN-1 Criteria: Redundancy through Bypass-BreakersPower Transmission

and Distribution

PTD H 1 MT/Re


“Snapshots” from DC Valve Tower Testing

Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure


Finally …

… it will look like this:

09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution


Power Quality for AC & DC Systems

Power Transmission and Distribution30 PTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007

HVDCHVDCwithwith VSCVSC --

HVDCHVDC PLUSPLUS


HVDC PLUS – The Power Link Universal System

Clean Energy to Platforms & Islands …

Low Switching Frequency

Reduction in Losses

Less Stresses

In Comparison with 2 and 3-Level Converter Technologies

… with Advanced VSC Technology

Siemens uses MMC Technology(Modular Multilevel Converter)

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The Evolution of HVDC PLUS and VSC Technology

Power Electronic Devices:

Topologies: Two-Level Three-Level Multilevel

IGBT in PP IGBT ModuleGTO / IGCT



The Multilevel Approach


Small Converter AC Voltage Steps

Small Rate of Rise of Voltage

Vd /2

Vd /2VConv.

34 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re34 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

Low Generation of Harmonics

Low HF Noise

Low Switching Losses

The Advanced Multilevel Approach:MMC – Modular Multilevel Converter

Vd

VConv.


HVDC PLUS with MMC – Basic Scheme


Submodule (SM)

SM 1

SM 2

SM n

SM 1

SM 2

SM n

SM 1

SM 2

SM n

SM 1

SM 2

SM n

SM 1

SM 2

SM n

SM 1

SM 2

SM n

ud

Phase Module

Vd


The Result: MMC – a perfect Voltage Generation


VConv.

- Vd /2

0

+Vd /2

AC and DC Voltages controlled by Converter Leg Voltages:

VAC

37 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re37 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

Phase Unit Submodule

PLUSCONTROL

High-Speed Bypass Switch

MMC – Redundant Submodule Design


Fully suitable for DC OHL Application:Line-to-Line Fault – a crucial Issue


Phase Unit

PLUSCONTROL

Submodule

Protective Thyristor Switch


HVDC PLUS – The Advanced MMC Technology


Converter Leg with more than 200 Submodules

Typical Converter Arrangement for 400 MW

Optional Seismic Reinforcements


Benefits of HVDC PLUS


HVDC PLUS

HVDC “Classic”

Example 400 MW

Space Saving


Bottlenecks

Advanced Technologiesand Congestion by use of

Transmission needs …

Elimination of

Conclusions



HVDC PLUS

From Congestion, Bottlenecks and Blackout towards a “Smart Grid”

Power System Expansion …

… with Advanced Transmission Solutions


The Future ? - Global Link for Green Energywith HVDC and FACTS


Siemens is successful in the HVDC Business –

GuG II2007

GuG I2004

Ge-Nan1989

Neptune2007

Poste Châte.

1984

Basslink

ESI2003/2007

Thailand-Malaysia

2001

Moyle2001

Acaray

1981Lamar

2005Virginia Smith1987

Sylmar East1995

TSQ2000

Celilo

1997/2004

1977/1998Cahora Bassa

Nelson River

1977/2004

Welsh

1995 2005

Ballia-Bhiwadi

2009

TSQ

Yunnan-Guangdong

World’s longest HVDC Cable in Operation

Transbay Cable

2010

World’s 1st HVDC with LTT and integrated BOD

World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission Voltage above 500 kV

for more than 30 Years

44 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re

World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission Voltage of 800 kV !

Etzenricht1993

Wien Südost1993

Dürnrohr1983

Storebælt

2010

2010Bridnet

World’s 1st

HVDC with500 kV DC Cable

World’s 1st

HVDC with8 kV Thyristors

2009/2010

Status: 09-2007

World’s 1st VSC HVDC with MMC-Technology


Thank You for your Attention!

Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission

with with HVDCHVDC & &

FACTSFACTS fromfrom

HVDC HVDC PLUSPLUSandand SVCSVC PLUSPLUS

Now available –with VSC PLUS Technology

SiemensSiemens

… and the Lights will keep shining !


Intelligent Solutions for Power Transmission

SustainabilitySustainability &&

SecuritySecurity

Thank You for your Attention !

ofof

SupplySupply

Documents

HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection and … 09-200709-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re Power TransmissionPower Transmissio and Distributionn and Distribution HVDC Solutions for System Interconnection