HVACR116 – Trade Skills

Plan ViewsElevations

Plan Views

Objectives

• After completing this unit, you will be able to explain the general kinds of information shown on the listed plans:o Site planso Foundation planso Floor plans

Site Plans

• Gives site information and where the building will be constructed

• Boundary is shown with a heavy line or with one or two short dashes between longer line segmento Length is noted next to line symbol

• Symbol indicates compass direction site faces• Indicate where building is positioned on the site

Site Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–1. Minimum information shown on a site plan.

Foundation Plans

• Shows foundation walls and structural work to be done below living spaceso Footing

Supports foundation walls with a concrete baseo Slab-on-grade foundation

Concrete slab placed directly on soil with little (or no) other support

Foundation Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–2. Footing and foundation wall.

Foundation Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–3. Slab-on-grade foundation.

Foundation Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–4. A girder provides intermediate support between the foundation walls.

Foundation Plans (cont’d.)

Figure 6–5. Foundation plan.

Floor Plans

• Section view taken at a height o Shows placement of walls, windows, doors, cabinets, and other

important featureso A separate floor plan is included for each building flooro Provides more information than any other drawing

Building Layout

• Floor plans show locations of all walls, doors, windows, how building is divided into rooms and how to get from one room to anothero Familiarize yourself with layout by imagining yourself walking

through the house

Dimensions

• Given for sizes and locations of all walls, partitions, doors, windows, and other important featureso On frame construction, exterior walls are dimensioned to outside

face of wall framingo If walls are to be covered, material is outside the dimensioned

face of wall frameo Interior partitions may be dimensioned to centerlines or face of

studs

Dimensions (cont’d.)

• Windows and doors may be dimensioned about their centerlines, or edges of openings

• Solid masonry construction is dimensioned entirely to face of masonry

• Masonry openings for doors and windows are dimensioned to the edge of openings

Dimensions (cont’d.)

Figure 6–6. Frame construction dimensioning.

Dimensions (cont’d.)

Figure 6–7. Masonry construction dimensioning.

Other Features of Floor Plans

• Floor plans include as much information as possible without making it cluttered and hard to reado Doors and windows are shown by their symbolso Cabinets are shown in proper positions

Explained further by elevations and detailso Stairs are showno Overhead construction is indicated

Other Features of Floor Plans (cont’d.)

• If the ceiling is framed with joists, their size, direction, and spacing are shown

• Architectural features (e.g., exposed beams, arches in doorways, or unusual roof lines) may be shown by phantom lines

Elevations

Objectives

• After completing this unit, you will be able to perform the following tasks:o Orient building elevations to building planso Explain the kinds of information shown on elevations

Introduction

• Elevations are drawings that show object height o When builders and architects refer to building elevations, they

mean exterior elevation drawingso A working drawing set includes elevation of the buildings four

sides A complex building may have more A simple building may have less

Figure 7–1. Building elevations.

Orienting Elevations

• Helps to determine the relationship of one drawing to another

• Elevations are named according to compass directions (e.g., side that faces north is the north elevation)o Allows them to be oriented to other plans

Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–2. Elevations are usually named according to their compass directions.

Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–3. Plan labeled to help orientation to north arrow.

Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)

• Sometimes compass directions cannot be used (e.g., when drawings are for use on several sites)o Elevations are then named according to their position when

facing the building

Orienting Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–4. Elevations can be named according to their relative positions.

Information on Building Elevations

• Building elevations do not include a lot of detailso Shows finished appearance of building better than other viewso Shows most of the building, as it will actually appear, with solid

lineso Underground portion is shown with hidden lines

Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–5. Underground portion of the building is shown with dashed lines.

• Footing is shown as a rectangle of dashed lines at the bottom of foundation walls

• Ground surface is shown by a heavy solid line (i.e., grade line)

• May include notes to indicate elevation above sea level or reference point (altitude or height)

Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–6. The elevation of this site is 150 feet.

Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)

• Dimensions include:o Thickness of footingo Height of foundation wallso Top of foundation to finished first flooro Finished floor to ceiling or top of plate o Finished floor to bottom of window headerso Roof overhang at eaves

Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)

Figure 7–7. Dimensions on an elevation.

Information on Building Elevations (cont’d.)