HVAC Training.ppt

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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division

HVACFUNDAMENTALS


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HVAC is an acronym for Heating, Ventilation and AirConditioning.

HVAC is a historical term that is commonly known today asair conditioning.

A HVAC system maintains and controls the conditions ofthe inside environment.

A HVAC system delivers comfort, health and well being in theworkplace or home,or controls conditions for

manufacturing and industrial processes.

A HVAC system comprises air conditioning plant, air and waterreticulation, and controls.

What is a HVAC system ?


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HVAC systems are designed to overcome the outside environmentand building design.

HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfort conditions forthe building occupants.

HVAC systems are designed to maintain stringent conditions forindustrial processes.

HVAC systems are designed to meet energy costs and reliabilityfrom an owners point of view.

What affects a HVAC system design ?


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Ventilation- the process of exchanging air between theoutdoors and the conditioned space.

Air movement- the process of circulating and mixing airthrough conditioned spaces.

Cleaning- the process of removing particles and biological

contaminants in the air. Heating- the process of adding thermal energy (heat) to the airin the conditioned space.

Cooling- the process of removing thermal energy (heat) fromthe air in the conditioned space. Humidifying- the process of adding water vapor (moisture) tothe air.

Dehumidifying- the process of removing water vapor(moisture) from the air.

What are the main processes carried out by aHVAC system ?


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Refrigeration Process

Refrigeration is the process of removing heat at a lowtemperature level & rejecting it at a relatively highertemperature level.

Refrigerant is nothing but heat carrier i.e. heat carrying

medium.


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Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

Condenser

Evaporator

Cold Gas

Line

Compressor

Cold Liquid Line

Hot Gas Line

HighPressure/Low Temp

Low Pressure/

Low Temp

High Pressure/

High Temp

Low Pressure/

Low Temp

Heat

AbsorbedHeat

Rejected

Expansion

Device

Cold Liquid Line


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Types of Systems

Direct Expansion (DX System).

1.Window Airconditioner

2.Split Units.3.Packaged Unit.

Chilled Water System (DW System)


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Unitary Air Conditioning Units. (PackageUnits.DX System)

Unitary A/C units are self contained with

fan, refrigeration compressor, condenser,etc.

Individual room units are designed to fitinwindows or a wall mounted consoles.

Split systems are where the fan and coilare mounted inside and the condensingunit is mounted remote.

Vertical self contained air conditioners aremounted external and air is ducted to theroom.

Roof top units are weatherproof units andthe air is ducted to the space below.

Window Unit.1. Outside air 2. Exhaust air 3. Supply4. Return air 5.Outside & room fans6. Evaporator 7.Compressor 8. Conden9. Exp. valve 10.Refrig. Pipe 11. Air filte12.Grille 13.Condensate collector14. Casing 15. Window 15. Room

Outside air Room air


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Unitary AC Units. (Split systems. DX System)

As the name implies, the air conditioner is

split into two parts, refrigeration andventilating parts.

The refrigeration part consists of acompressor and an air cooled condenser.

The ventilating part consists of a fan andan evaporator to cool or heat the air.

The condensing unit is mounted outsidewhich assists condenser heat dissipationand reduces noise in the room.

The fan coil unit can be mounted in theroom or in a remote position with duct tothe room.

Split System.

1. Outside air 2. Exhaust air 3. Supplyair 4. Return air 5. Room 6. Evaporator

7.Compressor 8. Condenser 9. Exp.valve 10.Refrigerant pipe 11. Condensingunit. 12.Fan coil unit. 13.Ventilation grid14. Filter


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DX System


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In-Direct System


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Sample Screens - Water Cooled Chiller


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Sample Screens-Air Cooled Chillers


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Sample Screens- Chillers


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Sample Screens- Cooling Tower


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Sample Screens-Basic AHU


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Sample Screens-Basic AHU


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Sample Screens-Treated Fresh Air Unit


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All - Water Systems.( 2-pipe fan coil unitsystem.)

Two water pipes are led to each fan coil unit,

cold water is pumped in summer,hot water in winter.

Thus only cold water or hot water is available at thefan coil units at any one time.

t is not possible to cool a room and

simultaneously heat an ad!acent room onthe same water "one.

This system is most successful insummer and winter when the outsideconditions are steady and predictable.

This system is less successful in

sprin# and autumn, when low ambienttemperature and solar loads re$uire "ones toneed cold water and others to need hot water.

%. Hot or cold water &ow.'. Hot or cold water return.(. )an coil units with one coil.*. +ierent rooms. -. Supply air.. /oiler. 0. Chiller.


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HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division10/15/09

VAVs & CAVs

VARIAB

LEAIR

VOLU

MEUNITS

CONSTANTAIRVOLUME

UNITS


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Characteristics of VAV

Air distribution equipment

Mainly used in buildings where single AHU serves manyareas

Optimizes power consumption while maintaining

thermal comfort

Ideally suited for varying load patterns

Full cooling / full heating take place about 20 % of thetime. Rest of the time systems operate at less than full

capacity.

The VAV box adjusts the amount of air that enters thespace or room to maintain temperature


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Ventilation & Air-conditioning System -Air only systems

Variable air Volume System

1

2

5

6

4

39

7

Fig

.57


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Control of individual room temperature

T


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Pressre Se!s"r

Pressre C"!#r"$$er

Types of VAVs

T

Shut-off type VAVs


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Types of VAVs

Pressre Se!s"

Pressre C"!#r"$$er

T

VAV with volumetric flow control

V%ri%&$e Fre'e!() *ri+e

M


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Types of VAVs

! " pass t!pe #A#

T" ("!,i#i"!e, S-%(e

T" F%$se (ei$i!g

Fr". A/U

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Sample Screens-Exhaust Fans

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HVAC system in a building

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THANK YOU

Documents

HVAC Training.ppt