HVAC Magazine Vol 3

New Product / New Technology

for the Small-SizeCommercial Complex and ApartmentsTechnical ReportCAE Technology and Application Cases

Overseas News_ⅠBus Shelters in Dubai

Overseas News_ⅡLG Whisen’s Wind Blowing in Chile

Site Sketch-Korea Myeong-dong Store of UNIQLO

| LG Systemaircon Monthly Magazine | 2008. 07 | Vol.3

HVACMonthly Magazine

Vol.3Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning

LG Electronics, based on its position as the producer of the best sellinghome air-conditioners in the world for the consecutive seven years, hasbroaden its business scope to the commercial air-conditioners andintroduced various HVAC solutions suitable for the large-scale buildings.Particularly, the MULTI V PLUS II for the large-scale high-rises, whichwas introduced in 2007, localized its core components a hundred percentfor the first time in Korea and was chosen as one of the Korea’s TenGreatest New Technology in 2007 for its high efficiency DC invertertechnology.

It wasn’t only for that. The solution achieved the highest energyconsumption efficiency for air-conditioning in the world (COP 4.2/4.4based on 8HP), the most farthest height between indoor and outdoorunits (100m) and the largest capacity (64HP). It was also highly valuedfor its ability of the quick and proper service and maintenance with theoperation records saved for three minutes prior to the breakdown, whichutilized the self breakdown sensing and checking theory for the first timein the world.

LG Electronics has endeavored endlessly for creating the customers’value and it has tried to spread the hybrid products for the new recycledenergy for the environment and for the future. It will do so with the highefficiency DC inverter technology in the rapidly growing market of thenew recycled energy in the world.

We will offer the differentiated customer supporting programsreflecting positively the demands of the end users as well as the ones ofdesign offices and construction companies in the stage of selectingproducts with the systematic operation of sales, technical support andservice of HVAC. Along with them, the most appropriate HVAC systemwill be proposed through LATS Load, the scientific technology businesssoftware and Model Selection, the Field Event (FE) for the installingconstruction management will be enlarged, and a smallest fault will notbe allowed with the scientific operation monitoring system.

As a true leader in the air-conditioning industry, LG Electronics willcontinue to offer the most appropriate HVAC total solution for theenvironment and for the future. Thank you.

>>>>> Greetings

Creating the Customers’ Value for the Environment andfor the Future

Innku HurVice PresidentLG Electronics

CONTENTSNew Product / New Technology

for the Small-Size Commercial Complex and Apartments

LG Electronics is to introduce the side discharge/single piping type MULTI VMINI in 2008. With the existing MULTI V PLUS II, SPACE II and SYNC, it willenlarge the scope of products selection for the customers.02Technical ReportCAE Technology and Application Cases

Using the CAE in the Commercial air-conditioners has been increased in Koreaever since the introduction of Commercial air-conditioners.08Overseas News_ⅠBus Shelters in Dubai

LG Air-Conditioners in the World-First Closed Bus Stops of Dubai.

19Overseas News_ⅡLG Whisen’s Wind Blowing in Chile

Chilean Subsidiary Participating in the Project of Territoria 3000, the HighestGrade Landmark Hotel in the Country.20Site Sketch-Korea Myeong-dong Store of UNIQLO

Totol capacity of cooling is 220HP, with MULTI V PLUS 176HP on the 1st to 4thfloors and MULTI V PLUS 44HP on the 5th floor applied respectively.21

02 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3

│ New Products / New Technology│

for the Small-SizeCommercial Complex and Apartments

LG Electronics is to introduce the side discharge/singlepiping type MULTI V MINI in 2008. With the existingMULTI V PLUS II, SPACE II and SYNC, it will enlarge thescope of products selection for the customers.

Background of DevelopmentMost commercial establishments like restaurants and shops use the

package type air-conditioners with the single indoor unit connected to the

single outdoor unit. But ceiling cassette type and indoor units of ceiling

concealed duct type, which make possible to use interior spaces efficiently,

are increasingly popular.

Due to the trend of more and more large-scale high-rise buildings, the

existing single type and multi piping products raise problems such as

longer piping and farther height between indoor unit and outdoor unit. In

case of karaokes, DVD rooms, studying rooms, etc., all of which are

divided into much smaller cabins, refrigerant piping becomes complicated

and installation difficult. But the single piping type MULTI V MINI will

make it simple.

The air-conditioning trend of residential buildings like the deluxe

apartments has changed from the partial air-conditioning, in which only a

living room and a main bedroom are air-conditioned, to the whole air-

conditioning. But the existing single piping package type has a limitation

to respond the demand of whole air-conditioning, and the multi piping type

as its alternative can provide only six indoor units at most with a single

outdoor unit, while MULTI V MINI makes it possible to install nine to the

maximum. If more than six rooms in an apartment require air-conditioning,

two outdoor units will be necessary in case of the existing multi piping

type and that will make the outdoor unit room crowded. The alteration of

balcony to enlarge other spaces raises the cooling load that, in turn, require

larger indoor and outdoor units. Now it is a fundamental requirement for

customers to select a design of indoor unit among various ones available

considering the interior design.

Outdoor unit room is usually narrow and crowded with boiler,

ventilation unit, oxygen producer, ect. along with air-conditioning outdoor

unit. Therefore smaller and lighter units are necessary to fit into the space

for installation and maintenance. Particularly low noise operation of

outdoor unit is required during summer nights which are very hot in Korea.

03HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3


Reduction of outdoor unit Volume by 54%

1. Introduction of MULTI V MINIMULTI V MINI was developed as a single piping products of single-

phase 220V (cooling only) and three-phase 380V (for cooling and heating)

with capacity of 11, 14.5 and 16kW. It applied R410A, the environment

friendly refrigerant, and the high efficiency DC inverter and achieved COP

of 3.5 (cooling) and 3.8 (heating). With the maximum piping length of

150m from outdoor unit to indoor unit and the maximum height difference

of 50m, it offers a lot of freedom to design piping and makes it possible to

connect freely up to nine indoor unit to an outdoor unit with capacity of

50-130 percent (in case of 16kW product).

Characteristically, its compact outdoor unit was downsized to 46 percent

volume of the existing 16kW top discharge type unit with the same

capacity.

2. Merits and Characteristics of MULTI V MINI

The Highest Energy Efficiency in the WorldIt applied the high efficiency DC inverter motor to increase the energy

efficiency. Changing freely the RPM of compressor according to theindoor cooling and heating load makes possible to keep high energyefficiency (COP), compared with the general bypass type compressordriving method, particularly under the condition of low load and partialload with indoor units partially operating.

While the cooling and heating efficiency (COP) of other Koreancompetitor’s similar products are 2.45 and 3.53 each, COP of MULTI VMINI boasts 3.6 and 3.8 each, which means the over 30 percent reducedbill of electricity particularly in the residential spaces where theprogressive tax system is applied.

The Largest Number of Connectable Indoor Units in the WorldWhile an indoor unit is connected to the single outdoor unit in the

existing single piping type, three to six indoor units are connected in themulti piping type.

In MULTI V MINI, up to nine indoor units can be connected to a singleoutdoor unit in case of 16kW capacity and various indoor units such asceiling cassette type, ART cool type and ceiling concealed duct type canbe selected according to the interior design and the use of rooms.

�

�


The Highest Energy Efficiency (COP) in the World among the Same Models 30 Percent Reduced Electricity Bill

B Company in Korea B Company in Korea

Cooling COP

Heating COP

3.63.8

2.5

3.5

11kW 14.5kW 16kW

6 97 8

� � � �

� � � �

�Units

In case of 16kW outdoor unit

Up to nine indoor units connectable with the single piping in case of 16kW outdoor unit

B Companyin Korea

8


The Most Freedom in Piping Deisgn in the WorldIn the existing single and multi piping products, the maximum length

of piping is about 50m and the maximum height difference betweenindoor unit and outdoor unit is about 7.5 to 30m. But in case of MULTIV MINI, the maximum length between indoor unit and outdoor unit isincreased to 150m and the total length of piping to 300m, while theinstallation can be done under the height difference of 50m.

Low Noise Operation for the Hot Summer NightsThe noise level of outdoor units are reduced to 52, 51, 50dB(A) each

for the capacity of 11, 14.5, 16kW, the lowest level in Korea, thanks tothe low vibration design of compressor and fan motors. The noise levelof competitors’ other models is about 57dB(A).

In addition, RPM of fan in the outdoor unit is controlled freelyaccording to the outdoor temperature with the night low noise operationfunction. In the cooling operation, the noise of outdoor unit can belowered to 40 to 46dB(A) with the changeable RPM of fan. Though thenight low noise operation function is cancelled in the heating operationconsidering the characteristics of the Korean outdoor weather in thewinter, it’s expected that the noise wouldn’t raise a problem as doors andwindows are generally shut tightly for the most time.

�

�

Strengthened Oil Return by Applying the Plate Sub-Cooling HeatExchanger

Summer Day Summer Night (Tropical Night)

The Longest Length and the Largest HeightDifference of Piping in the World among theSame Models

Applying the Plate Sub-Cooling Heat Exchanger

�The pressure dropsdue to refrigerantflowing reduced withthe additional securing

of liquid refrigerant through the sufficientsub-cooling.

�A new technology applying the first minisingle piping VRF system in Korea.

Oil Discharge Reduction

Realizing the control logic toprevent the over discharge ofcompressor oil in the high loadoperation.

New Oil Injection Mechanism

Applying the oiladditional supplymechanism under thecondition of low loadcompressor operation.

High Performance Oil Pump

Guaranteeing theconfidence and stabilityof high oil returndespite of the lowoutdoor temperature.

The Longest Piping Length fromoutdoor unit to indoor unit

150m

The Longest PipingLength after first branch

40m

Height Difference

50m

Total Piping Length : 300m

B Company in Korea

57dB(A) 50dB(A)

B Company in Korea

57dB(A) 40~46dB(A)


Smaller and Lighter Outdoor UnitMULTI V MINI was developed with the emphasis on reducing the size

and weight of outdoor unit and, therefore, it makes possible to reduce itsinstallation space about 13 percents compared to the one of the sidedischarge type by B Company of Korea. Its weight also is lowered to122kg, the lowest level in Korea, which is 20 percent lighter than the oneby Company B (150kg).

Additional Function Related MaintenanceThe temperature and pressure sensors equipped on the indoor and

outdoor units are able to check automatically with a simple handling.When a troubled indoor unit is repaired, the additional function of pumpdown that retrieves the refrigerant in the unit and pipes to the inside ofoutdoor unit makes possible to save the refrigerant charging cost.Equipped with Failure Detection & Diagnosis (FDD) technology in theoutdoor unit, all operation data for three minutes prior to occurrence of atrouble are saved and make possible the quick and appropriate service.

Various and Convenient Network SolutionIt can be connected to the existing wired or wireless remote controller,

simple central controller, AC Smart, Advanced Control Platform (ACP)and home network. In case of a residential building, it can be controlledthrough a home server along with boiler, doorlock, etc. and the long-distance communication is also possible through the internet network andthe handheld phones.

�

�

�

B Company in Korea

Size (W×D×H)= 930×385×1,270mm

Size (W×D×H)= 950×330×1,380mm

Installation Space Reduced 13 Percent

Existing outdoor unit (other company)

LG Electronics’ new outdoor unit

0.36m2 (100%)

0.31m2 (87%)

Wired and WirelessController

16-room and 64-room CentralController

ACP/AC-Manager Home Network

16-room Controller

AC Smart Home pad

Advanced Control Platform

AC-Manager


Commercial air-conditioners Using the Supercomputer

CAE Technology andApplication Cases

Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) means engineeringpractices using the computer. Only twenty or thirty yearshave passed since CAE began to be used aggressively, butit is now widely used as most engineers and otherworkers rely on their computers and applying one or twoCAE techniques.

CAE has been mainly used in the aeronautic and space industry, inwhich it was introduced in its early years, and in the machinery industrylike automobiles and ships. Now it is used in almost all the fields includingthe design and structural analysis of buildings, noise and vibration analysis,the prediction of the chemical reactions, etc. and it has raised its perfectionmore and more every day. Using a computer gives you a conclusion thatcan be also achieved through the existing design methods. But it can bemore useful than any other experimental method as it offers varioussolutions with the least time and cost for various environments and designchanges.

<Figure 1> shows the flow state of air inside and outside of a building

<Figure 1> Various Flow Analysis Using the CFD

│ Technical Report│


with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Tool and <Figure 2> shows

the noise analysis of a large space (stadium) with the Noise Analysis Tool.

But CAE has a limitation to imitate a natural phenomenon exactly as the

same as it uses methods for computers to calculate equations. However,

engineering predictions and application examples using the CAE has been

increasing more than ever.

Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) means the generalprocess of analysis and interpretation, etc. using thecomputer. CAE reduces the test time and cost enormouslywith the simulation and includes CFD, noise analysis,vibration analysis, structural analysis, etc.

Using the CAE in the Commercial air-conditionersUsing the CAE in the Commercial air-conditioners has been increased in

Korea ever since the introduction of Commercial air-conditioners. Now a

lot of CAE technology is used through the processes from the development

and manufacturing of products. Various CAE applications were used even

to the early residential window type air-conditioners. Here are some

examples of the building environment analyses and the installation space

analyses, which were done in the early design phase of a Commercial air-

conditioner, and the CAE applications and analysis which were done to

seek the solutions to various problems that might arise in the pre-operation

phase.

While the CAE is widely used in the fluid flux, noise and vibration in

air-conditioners, automobile and airplanes, structural dynamics of

buildings and bridges, and energy analysis, the application used in the field

of Commercial air-conditioner is focused on the analysis of fluid flux of

discharged air from air-conditioners and of noise from the products.

Generally the air-cooled air-conditioner uses as the main heat source the

heat transfer from the heat exchanger of indoor and outdoor units with a

forced flux of air by fan, so the air flux and heat transfer occur all the time,

and the performance of air-conditioner is influenced deeply from the

architectural environment. For manufacturers it is necessary to predict the

air flux discharged from indoors as well as outdoors and to seek the

responding methods, if necessary, because the air flux surrounding the

indoor and outdoor units is an important factor to influence the

performance and durability of products. To design an air-conditioner as in

<Figure 2> Noise Analysis of a Large Space

Computational Fluid

Dynamics (CFD) is a

widely used tool for the

CAE.

<Figure 3>, they can predict the indoor flux distribution of discharge air

and the temperature distribution through the 3D modeling of an actually

designed model and, if those don’t satisfy the design standard, they can

change to a new design through the CFD interpretation.

Noise analysis is also very important to prevent noise the compressor

and fan of an air-conditioner generate, because it influences users and other

people a lot. Several examples of CFD and noise analysis that were

implemented by LG Electronics:


CFD makes possible to

value the flow analysis,

ventilation analysis,

noise analysis, air-

conditioning planning of

large space, etc. after

knowing the airflow

speed, humidity, density

of pollution, air staying

time, etc. in every point

of a room.

b. 3D Modeling

a. The Actual Space to Be Analyzed

c. Flux Distribution of Discharge Air

<Figure 3> Indoor Flux Analysis Using the CFD

d. Indoor Temperature Distribution


CAE Application ExamplesIn the beginning the CFD was only used to help some big construction

companies and overseas large projects due to the lack of knowledge about

it and the insufficient performance of hardwares. As the CFD results of

various cases have been accumulated and the high performance computing

machines have appeared to interpret the quick CFD, the CFD interpretation

is now offered not only in large projects but also in medium and small

ones.

As explained before, CFD’s first object is that the discharged and

returned airflow of indoor and outdoor units are made possible to see and

preview problems arising from them. It can offer from the design phase of

building until the time of Commercial air-conditioner installation the most

appropriate solutions to the calculation of proper capacity of outdoor unit,

the location of its installation, the proper arrangement of indoor units, etc.

As CFD is widely utilized, various types of the application examples can

be found. The most distinguished among them:

Design of the Outdoor Unit Room through the AirflowAnalysis of Its Inside and Outside in Apartments andCommercial-Residential Complexes

It has become a very important issue to preview the problems raised in

the air-conditioner outdoor unit room and about the discharge airflow and

to consult with construction companies or developers, as skyscraper

commercial-residential complexes and high-rising apartments seize the

most part of the new housing market. Along with this, the installation of

ventilation units are enforced by laws and regulations based on the

government policies to enhance the quality of indoor air and, accordingly,

not only the Commercial air-conditioner engineers but also general users

take their interest in the CFD.

The design of outdoor unit room through the airflow analysis of its insideand outside in apartments and commercial-residential complexes.

The analysis of indoor ventilation in apartments and commercial-residential complexes.

The noise analysis for group installation of outdoor units.

The air-conditioning design for a large space.●

●

●

●

With its MULTI V SPACE outdoor units that were designed to adapt to

skyscrapers and eco-V ventilation units, LG Electronics more than any

other manufacturer drives forward aggressively the CFD interpretation for

skyscrapers.

Generally, if there is the draft of air around a building, a stagnation point

appears about the sixty to eighty percent of its height on the side against

the wind and the direction of its blowing is divided into upward and

downward, rightward and leftward from the point, while the speed of wind

is weaken and large and small vortexes appear on the other side of

building. There will be positive pressure on the side against the wind and

negative pressure on the other side, where the re-inflow of air arises. Let’s

examine the phenomena according to the arrangement of buildings and the

patterns of their plans. <Figure 4> shows the airflow around a twin tower

type commercial-residential complex and <Figure 5> shows the airflow

caused by the draft around a building and the flow of discharge air from

the MULTI V SPACE outdoor units.

When the outdoor units are installed in the cabin of outdoor units within

a building, the decision on the minimum space of the cabin and its louver

size and the consultation with the architect would be necessary in the

planning stage to prevent problems from arising. One of the expected

problems is the one caused by the insufficient louver size for the smooth

flow of discharged air from the outdoor units. Its re-inflow and the rising


<Figure 4> Airflow Distribution around a Skyscrape

<Figure 5> The airflow around a skyscaper and the flow of discharge air from the MULTI V SPACE outdoor units

Inflow caused by thebuilding wind

Airflow around the building (speed) Flow of discharge air (temperature)

A row of outdoor unit rooms ofthe sixty-fourth to -sixth floors

temperature of the cabin can cause the deteriorated performance of outdoor

units and, in the worst case, the frequent stop of operation resulted by the

system protecting device with the high pressure sensor of outdoor units.

<Figure 6> shows the suction temperature of conventional outdoor units

before and after the expansion of louver in the same cabin and <Figure 7>

the flow vector to the cross section of an outdoor fan. In the cabin of

outdoor units the phenomenon of re-inflow of the discharged air to it is

found as the strong flow arises in the cross section of suction area because

of its narrowness and, as a result, the suction temperature of outdoor units

rises. In contrast, as the suction flow path is secured after the louver

expansion, the flow of discharged air and the suction inflow are separated

and the outdoor air inflow to the outdoor units becomes smooth. Suction

temperature is also kept about the same as the outdoor air temperature.


Before the louver expansion After the louver expansion

After the louver expansion (inflow of outdoor air)

Before the louver expansion (re-inflow of discharged air)

<Figure 6> Distribution of suction temperature of outdoor units according to the size of louver

<Figure 7> The flow of air discharge from and suction to the outdoor units before and after louver expansion

In the Commercial air-

conditioner installation

site, optimized solutions

are suggested about the

estimation of proper

capacity of outdoor units

and the decision on the

installing places from

the planning stage of a

building until the com-

pletion of installation.


The normal operation of outdoor unit can’t be expected if the flow of

outdoor unit’s air discharge is disturbed by any fixture like mosquito nets

or punch plates as in <Figure 8a>. In such a case, after the simulation of

the various alternatives using the CFD, the addition of a simple air guide

can be suggested as a nice solution to improve the smooth flow the air

discharge from and suction into the outdoor unit as in <Figure 8b>. It is

confirmed in the CFD interpretation as in the <Figure 9>.

Analysis of the Indoor Ventilation in Apartment andResidential-Commercial Buildings

Sick building syndrome has been an issue since several years ago in

Korea and, accordingly, the general interest in the quality of indoor air has

been raised more and more every day. The Government made laws to

enforce the installation of ventilation units against the harmful ingredients

in the indoor air such as carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, volatile organic

compound, fine dirts, etc.

In case of ventilation units, it is possible the different quality of air as

well as ventilation air quantity appears in the interior zones according to

the location of diffusers, so using the CFD would offer an optimized

solution of ventilation.

<Figure 8> Analysis of the installing environment of outdoor unit

<Figure 9> Flow of the air discharge from and suction into the outdoor unit before and after the improvement

a. Before the improvement b. After the improvement

a. Cabin of outdoor unit before the improvement b. Cabin of outdoor unit after the improvement

The re-inflow ofdischarge air from

outdoor unitthrough the upperand lower parts is

displayed.

The re-inflow isprevented withthe addition ofair guide.


As in <Figure 10>, the process of selecting the optimized location of

diffusers through the visualization of distribution of polluting materials and

their discharge air flow according to their location with the CFD can be a

good technical data to impress general customers directly and to help

engineers. It would be more effective if the removing process of polluting

materials like carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, etc. according to the change of

time after the operation of ventilation units can be seen as in <Figure 11> and

the change of their location can be considered in the design complement.

<Figure 10> Ventilation air flow simulation in the unit household of an apartment building

<Figure 11> The thickness change of indoor carbon dioxide before, during and after the operation of ventilation units

d. Supply air flow of ventilation unitsc. The thickness distribution of indoorcarbon dioxide

b. 3D modelling of diffuser locationa. Location of ventilation units in the unithousehold

CO2

[ppm]

1,000

900

800

700

600

500

400

CO2

[ppm]

1,000

900

800

700

600

500

400

a. Before the operation b. During the operation c. After the operation

The CFD makes possible

to select the optimized

location of ventilation

units with the prior

estimation of the quality

of interior air in the

building through the

visualization of dis-

tribution of polluting

materials and diffuser

discharge air flow.


Noise Analysis after the Collective Installation ofOutdoor Units

The collective installation of outdoor units can raise complaint from the

neighbors because of their noise. Currently the noise is regulated in Korea

with each limited level by day and at night on the border line of sites as in

<table 1>. If neighbors complain that the outdoor unit is located too close

to the border line or collective installation of units arises a lot of noise, you

should remove them and cannot install the unit at all in the worst case. To

prevent it from happening, noise analysis offers an opportunity to find a

satisfying solution. The noise analysis as in <Figure 12> can estimate the

noise level on the border line of sites and suggest a guide to install the anti-

noise wall or, as in <Figure 13>, suggest a design guide to minimize the

displeasure to passersby, offering the horizontal noise distribution.

<Figure 13> Horizontal noise analysis in the ollective installationof outdoor units

<Table 1> Noise-related laws and regulations in Korea

*Residential area, Greenery area, Community zone and Sport and Recreation zone in a quasi-cityarea, natural environment reservation area, and an area within 50m from the border line of sitesof school, hospital or public library.

*The general residential area and quasi-residential areabased on the article 15 of the ordinance of City PlanningLaw

●Noise and Vibration Regulating Law ● The Basic Ordinance of Environmental Policies

A

B

Area

Noise (Leq dB(A)) Vibration (Leq dB(V))

50

60

(05:00~08:00)

(18:00~22:00)

Day

(08:00~18:00)

Night

(22:00~05:00)

Day

(06:00~22:00)

Night

(22:00~06:00)

55

65

45

55

65

70

60

65

Area

Areadivision Area

Limited level (Leq dB(A))

A

B

C

D

Day(06:00~22:00)

50

55

60

70

Night (22:00~06:00)

40

45

55

65

<Figure 12> Noise analysis of neighboring spaces according to the collective installation ofoutdoor units

b. Plot plan of outdoor units and neighboring houses neighboring houses site borderlinea. Installed outdoor units

c. Noise analysis on the site borderline

* The result above was achieved onthe height of 1.5m from the ground.

◀

◀

Neighboring Houses

Site Borderline


In the air-conditioning planning of large spaces, it is necessary to lower the dischargeair from indoor units onto the floor. To do so, are there several methods. One is to securesufficient discharge speed with raising the quantity of discharge air per diffuser, and theother two are to enforce the circulation with the ceiling air supply and floor return and toprovide the natural circulation with the floor air supply and ceiling return.

Optimized Air-Conditioning Plannig of Large SpacesImportant considerations in the air-conditioning planning of large spaces

such as lobbies and auditoriums may be the smooth circulation of discharged

air from the ceiling in the time of heating operation. The density of air is

increased as the temperature falls as in <Figure 14>. As being the case, cool

air falls downward and warm air rises to the ceiling. Therefore, if the

temperature of discharged air from the indoor units is high and its flow speed

slow, the air cannot fall down to the floor but rise again as in <Figure 15>

and it cannot deliver the heating to the needed spaces.

It is necessary to lower the discharge air from indoor units onto the floor.

To do so, are there several methods. The simplest one is to secure

sufficient discharge speed with raising the quantity of discharge air per

diffuser, and the other two are to enforce the circulation with the ceiling air

supply and floor exhaust and to provide the natural circulation with the

floor air supply and ceiling exhaust. In case of sufficient floor space to

install supply diffuser the latter can be applied, but the former method is

used in the most case.

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

1

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

T1

p

<Figure 14> Density change according to the temperature <Figure 15> Density change according to thetemperature


<Figure 16> is an example of analysis to the lobby space with its ceiling

height of 7m. Securing the sufficient quantity of discharge air per diffuser

and using the product of high pressure concealed duct, the result shows

that it could be heated onto the floor without the rise of discharge air flow

as in b and c of <Figure 16>. <Figure 17> is an auditorium with its ceiling

height of about 18m and its capacity of 2,300 people and the space is

expected to raise a cooling problem for the occupancy load. The central

part of its ceiling is too complicate to install the diffusers and only its edge

can be used. The heating and cooling of the auditorium’s central part is

implemented by the discharge diffusers of AHUs, which were installed on

the its mezzanine. In addition, on the edge of the auditorium are free

standing FCUs, which is to remove the structure load as well as occupancy

load. <Figure 17> c and d show the temperature distribution of the cross

section and plane of the central part when cooling.

We have examined the various examples in which the CFD and Noise

Analysis are used as the CAE in the Commercial air-conditioners.

Considering the characteristics of Commercial air-conditioners that it is

difficult to test before the installation and to prove after, it is expected that

the CAE can be used as an optimum tool to offer the proper guidelines to

customers in the stages of design, construction, service, etc. for the

application of Commercial air-conditioners on the site.

Until now, the CAE has been used principally in the air-cooled

Commercial air-conditioners. LG Electronics will continue to offer the

high-grade HVAC solutions using the CAE in the expanded scope of

products like water source heat pump, AHU, geothermal heat pump, small

size co-gen product, etc.

c. Temperature distribution of the lobby’scentral cross section

b. Flow vector of the discharged air

7

0

3.0002.8002.6002.4002.2002.0001.8001.6001.4001.2001.0000.8000.6000.4000.2000.000

Velocity [m/s]

<Figure 17> Analysis of horizontal and vertical temperature when cooling the large-space auditorium

<Figure 16> Analysis of air flow and temperaturedistribution when heating a high-ceiling lobby

d. Temperature distribution of the horizontalplane

c. Temperature distribution of the vertical crosssection

b. 3D modellinga. Full view of the auditorium

a. 3D modelling of the lobby


Overseas News_Ⅰ▶▶

Mixing the World-Best with the World-First

Bus Shelters in Dubai

LG Air-Conditioners in the World-First Closed Bus Stopsof Dubai

Participating in the project of the world-first closed bus stops of Dubai,LG Electronics has been suppling Commercial air-conditioners. Dubai,the world-famous tourist hot spot, has a weather of the high-temperature(up to 50 degree Celcius in the hot summer days) and high-humidity (80percent). Inconvenient to use buses in such a weather, most people useautomobiles instead. Accordingly traffic jams become quite frequent andthe government of Dubai aggressively has begun to build the closed air-conditioning bus stops (AC bus shelters) for the promotion of masstransportation.

To Supply Air-Conditioners to the Total 815 Bus Stops tothe End of the Year

As of now 25 bus shelters have been installed with LG air-conditionersand the total of 815 shelters are to be to the end of the year. For theproject, LG Electronics proposed a top discharge type outdoor unit thatrelease the hot air through the top side of outdoor unit to avoidinconvenience to the passersby and proved the performance through theproduct test under the environment of the same temperature and humidityas in Dubai.

Global Attention to the Commercial air-conditioners ofLG Electronics

“The competition for participation was very fierce as the project wasexpected to have an important effect to enhance the brand imageglobally,” said Deputy general manager Ahn Hyok Sung (Chris Ahn) ofLG Electronics Dubai Subsidiary.

LG Electronics has been drawing an attention again from the world aswell as in Middle East with implementing the project. The Dubai’s ACbus shelters will secure the status of LG Electronics as the number one ofair-conditioner manufacturers in the world.

<Photo 1> Dubai’s bus shelter showing thelogo of LG Electronics

<Photo 2> The announcement of opening

<Photo 3> Concealed duct type indoor units

<Photo 4> Interior of Dubai’s bus shelter


LG Electronics Signed a Contract to Supply Commercialair-conditioners in Chile

LG Electronics Signed a contract to supply Commercial air-conditioners to the 32-story Territoria Multiplex building which is underconstruction in Santiago, Chile. Participating in the signing ceremony areExecutive Vice President Byun kyoung Hoon representative of LGElectronics in the region of Central and South Americas, Park Nam Ki,Subsidiary President of Chile, and President Eugenio Varela of Isidora3000, a construction company in Chile, among others. TerritoriaMultiplex is a landmark building which is to be filled with hotel, offices,department store, convention center, apartments, luxury restaurants, etc.

LG Commercial air-conditioners Cooling South AmericaAs commercial air-conditioners occupies more than 70 percent in the

Chilean market, LG Electronics is evaluated to secure an advantageousspearhead for the advance to the South American market with thiscontract. LG Electronics will supply the MULTI V SYNC model, theCommercial air-conditioner that can operate heating and coolingsimultaneously, and the model is to be introduced in Central and SouthAmericas for the first time in the world. The amount of supplied productswill be reaching to 2,060HP_(149 outdoor units and 890 indoor units).

LG Electronics’s Air-Conditioning Technology Spreadingto the World

It is the technology power of LG air-conditioners that makes it possibleto supply the Commercial air-conditioners of high grade specification tothe Central and South Americas. With this contract as its springboard,LG Electronics will strengthen the offensive to the market in the field ofCommercial air-conditioners, focusing on the regions of Europe andCentral and South Americas, where the change of temperature is abruptlylarge, and on the markets needing the complicate control of heating andcooling according to the spaces such as hotels, hospitals, etc., which areused by various people.

Executive Byun Kyoung Hoon, represen-tative of LG Electronics in the region ofCentral and South Americas (left) andPresident Eugenio Varela of Isidora 3000(right).

Hotel Territoria 3000 of Chile

Overseas News_Ⅱ▶▶

LG Whisen’s Wind Blowing in ChileChilean Subsidiary Participating in the Project of Territoria 3000, the Highest GradeLandmark Hotel in the Country


●Name of Site : Uniqlo (24-11, Chungmuro 1 Ga, Jung-gu, Seoul)●Main Use : Clothing store● Size of Building : 5-story● Total Space : 3,762 square meter (except machinery room and rooftop)●Date of Completion : December 2007● Period of Installation : About 80 days●Applied System : MULTI V PLUS 220HP

Outdoor units : 10 units including LRP-N4605D (KOREAN Model)Indoor units : Wall Mounted LRD-N325R 3 units

1 Way LRD-N235C and others 17 units4 Way LRD-N605T and others 58 unitsSingle Type Heat Pump System / Cooler 2 units

Heat Recovery Unit : LZ-H1002SB and others 21 units ● Remarks : Remodelling site●Air-Conditioning Design Supervision : Hangyeong MEC Co., Ltd. Tel. 02-933-7500

A-702, Hagyeo Techno Town 250-3, Hagyeo-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul●Air-Conditioning Construction : Digital Air-Conditioning International Tel. 031-557-6666

533, Gawun-dong, Nam-yangju, Gyeonggi-do

Fashion Leader in Korea

Myeong-dong Store ofUNIQLO

Myeong-dong, downtown of Seoul, is crowded with more than 1.5 million people a dayall day long. The former Myeong-dong Clothing Building, once a symbol of Myeong-dong,where luxury fashion stores stand in a continuous row, was born again in December 14,2007, as Uniqlo, a new fashion brand created by FRL Korea Co., Ltd. The store of Uniqlowith sales space of 2,300 square meters boasts the second largest size among its storesin Asia and the largest building of a single brand clothing store in Korea. The five-storybuilding is composed of shops of casuals, ladies’ wear, gentlemen’s wear, and kids’ wearfrom the first to the fourth floors and office spaces of FRL on the fifth floor.

SITE SKETCH-KOREA


<Photo 1> 4 way cassette type installed in the casuals shops on the first floor

<Photo 2> The ACP Combined Control Manage-ment System

Difficulties Raised in the Stage of Air-ConditioningDesign

Myeong-dong Store of Uniqlo was born again as a large andcomfortable shopping space with the sensual interior, but it raiseddifficulties from the stage of air-conditioning planning. Considering thecharacteristics of remodelling site and the very low height of ceiling, theconstruction of pre-piping and pre-drainage was expected to be veryhard. Accordingly the thorough site research and the design for theindoor piping construction were implemented with a lot of endeavor afterthe careful preparation.

Difficult Pre-Piping InstallationAs it was hard to install the drain piping because of the too low ceiling

height, the design was concentrated on the problem. Furthermore, theceiling height was different everywhere, so the height of piping lost thebalance. Inevitably the piping installation of each unit should be doneseparately, since water could leak if the balance was lost. The installation

Myeong-dong Store of Uniqlo is a large-scale clothing store which uses four floors of a 5-story building (the fifth floor is the office of its headquarters). Totol capacity of cooling is220HP, with MULTI V PLUS 176HP on the 1st to 4th floors and MULTI V PLUS 44HP on the5th floor applied respectively.


<Photo 3> Wall mounted type installed on the fifth office floor <Photo 4> Outdoor Unit Installation

<Photo 5> Wired Remote Controller installed on the wall <Figure 1> Floor plan of ventilation ducts between kids’ wear shops on the fourth floor andfifth office floor

took a long time as a lot of pipes couldn’t becombined but each should be installed separately.

Considerations When Designing the Air-Conditioning Solution

Considering much flowing of people in the areaand its capacity as a large-scale shopping space,sufficient loads were reflected on the planning. Inaddition, heat recovery ventilation units wereinstalled to supply the comfortable air and theywould be used to do the fresh-air cooling in theseasons of spring and fall without operating Air-conditioner.

Efficient Heating and Cooling, Comfor-table Shopping Space

Based on the MULTI V PLUS Heating andCooling System which enables to connect variousindoor units to an outdoor unit, 4 way cassette typeindoor units were installed on each floor for theefficient heating and cooling operation. Particularlyin the lounge of the fifth floor office, where visitorsincluding VIPs come and go frequently, MULTI V

wall mounted type indoor units were installed to beharmonized with its interior design. As its ventilationsystem, 21 heat recovery units were installed andthey provide the clean and comfortable shoppingspace with their functions of indoor-outdoorexchange of temperature and humidity, soundinsulation (noise interception) and improvement ofindoor air quality.

Installation and Operation the ACPCombined Control Management System

In a corner of Myeong-dong Store is a room tomonitor and control the operation of air-conditionersin the building wholly as well as separately with theACP combined control management system. Atechnician is stationed there all the time to monitorthe operation of each air-conditioner and to controloperation mode, air flow, user lock, temperaturesetting, etc. In addition, the total control of heatingand cooling in the building wholly, combined controlof units on each floor, the schedule control thatoperates indoor units according to the preset scheduleand the peak control for the reduction of powerconsumption are used efficiently.


Kim Min Hwan Chief, Installation Team / Digital Air-Conditioning International

How long have you worked in the field of design andInstallation of air-conditioning?Twenty years have passed since I started to work with President MoonHan Gyeong (of Digital Air-Conditioning International). I have met a lotof customers and colleagues in various construction sites during theyears.

What do you think was the most difficult problem inthe installation of this project?The ceiling height was too low-lower than any other site I know.Furthermore, the height was different everywhere, so it was impossibleto install the pipes combinedly. We had to do it separately one indoorunit at a time. Piping and drainage construction was the hardest thing.

What was the most satisfying work?Though the work for the fifth floor was hard, it was the most memorablework to me. It took two or three days to install the wall mounted typeonto the tile walls alone. I was thrilled to see the completed space afterthe hard work.

Park Sang Min Manager, Sales Team / Hangyeong MEC

Was there an episode you remember during theconstruction? As a subsidiary of Digital Air-Conditioning International, we wereconfident of our knowhow and ability of installation and there was fewdifficulty in installation itself. But a problem was to move the products.We had to move them calling a large crane in the early morningbecause the crowd surrounding the site made impossible to do so inany other time, but the police saw us blocking the road and ordered tomove away. We appealed and managed to get their permission.

How is the maintenance of Commercial air-conditioner implemented after its installation?We offer the maintenance contract to the customers after theinstallation. According to the terms and conditions of the contract wewill provide an annual or case by case service of filter cleaning andothers. Customers are also recommended to contract with SAE, theservice and maintenance company exclusively for LG Commercial air-conditioners in Korea.

What do you think about the future?We have been installing LG Commercial air-conditioners mainly forschools. I think we will expand the scope of business more actively forhospitals, office buildings, other large-scale high-rise buildings, etc. inthe future.

Jeong Yong Seong Manager, Store Design and Construction Team / Uniqlo

What is the reason why Myeong-dong Store of Uniqloinstalled LG Commercial air-conditioner?It is known that LG Electronics has been developing new products ofcommercial Commercial air-conditioner with the enthusiastic researchand investment. We selected LG Commercial air-conditioner becauseits operation cost would be comparably low, the heating and coolingwould be automatically controlled with PC and the maintenance andcaring of outdoor units would be convenient.

What do you think is the merits of LG Commercial air-conditioner?It is possible to minimize the maintenance personnel as the air-conditioners are controlled with PC. Accordingly personnel expensescan be reduced a lot. Another big merit, I think, is the distinctly reducedelectricity bill as it has the peak control function to control the peak usein the summer and the winter.

Myeong-dong Store of UNIQLO M I N I I N T E R V I E W

“Order-Made Installationfor the Convenience of Customers”

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Chief Kim Min Hwan, Manager Jeong Yong Sung andManager Park Sang Min (from left)

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HVAC Magazine Vol 3