HURRICANESHURRICANESAND AND

Tornadoes Tornadoes

What is a hurricane?What is a hurricane?

Violent Violent cyclonic storm cyclonic storm that develops that develops in the tropical in the tropical regionregion

Wind speeds Wind speeds are > 74 mphare > 74 mph

Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=680

A A tropical cyclonetropical cyclone is a is a storm systemstorm system characterized by a characterized by a low pressurelow pressure center and center and numerous numerous thunderstormsthunderstorms that produce that produce strong winds and strong winds and floodingflooding rainrain. A tropical . A tropical cyclone feeds on heat released when moist cyclone feeds on heat released when moist airair rises, resulting in rises, resulting in condensationcondensation of of water vapourwater vapour contained in the moist air. contained in the moist air. They are fueled by a different heat They are fueled by a different heat mechanism than other cyclonic windstorms mechanism than other cyclonic windstorms such as such as nor'eastersnor'easters, , European windstormsEuropean windstorms, , and and polar lowspolar lows, leading to their , leading to their classification as "warm core" storm systems classification as "warm core" storm systems

The term "tropical" refers to both the The term "tropical" refers to both the geographic origin of these systems, which geographic origin of these systems, which form almost exclusively in form almost exclusively in tropicaltropical regions regions of the globe, and their formation in of the globe, and their formation in Maritime Tropical air massesMaritime Tropical air masses. The term . The term "cyclone" refers to such storms' cyclonic "cyclone" refers to such storms' cyclonic nature, with nature, with counterclockwisecounterclockwise rotation in rotation in the the Northern HemisphereNorthern Hemisphere and clockwise and clockwise rotation in the rotation in the Southern HemisphereSouthern Hemisphere. . Depending on their location and strength, Depending on their location and strength, tropical cyclones are referred to by other tropical cyclones are referred to by other names, such as hurricane, names, such as hurricane, typhoontyphoon, , tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, or simply as a cyclone.depression, or simply as a cyclone.

While tropical cyclones can produce extremely While tropical cyclones can produce extremely powerful winds and torrential powerful winds and torrential rainrain, they are also able , they are also able to produce high waves and damaging to produce high waves and damaging storm surgestorm surge. . They develop over large bodies of warm water and They develop over large bodies of warm water and lose their strength if they move over land. This is the lose their strength if they move over land. This is the reason coastal regions can receive significant reason coastal regions can receive significant damage from a tropical cyclone, while inland regions damage from a tropical cyclone, while inland regions are relatively safe from receiving strong winds. are relatively safe from receiving strong winds. Heavy rains, however, can produce significant Heavy rains, however, can produce significant flooding inland, and storm surges can produce flooding inland, and storm surges can produce extensive coastal extensive coastal floodingflooding up to 40 kilometres (25 up to 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the coastline. mi) from the coastline.

Although their effects on human populations can be Although their effects on human populations can be devastating, tropical cyclones can also relieve devastating, tropical cyclones can also relieve droughtdrought conditions. They also carry heat and energy conditions. They also carry heat and energy away from the tropics and transport it toward away from the tropics and transport it toward temperatetemperate latitudeslatitudes, which makes them an important , which makes them an important part of the global part of the global atmospheric circulationatmospheric circulation mechanism. As a result, tropical cyclones help to mechanism. As a result, tropical cyclones help to maintain equilibrium in the Earth's maintain equilibrium in the Earth's tropospheretroposphere..

What is a Hurricane? - YouTubeWhat is a Hurricane? - YouTube

CYCLONIC STORMS-DIFFERENT CYCLONIC STORMS-DIFFERENT NAMES in DIFFERENT OCEANS: NAMES in DIFFERENT OCEANS:

Atlantic Hurricane, Pacific Atlantic Hurricane, Pacific Typhoon, Indian Ocean CycloneTyphoon, Indian Ocean Cyclone

Rotation and PressureRotation and Pressure

In which direction does a hurricane In which direction does a hurricane rotate?rotate?

COUNTERCLOCKWISECOUNTERCLOCKWISE

Is the barometric pressure inside the Is the barometric pressure inside the hurricane high or low?hurricane high or low?

LOWLOW

When is Hurricane Season?When is Hurricane Season?

June 1June 1stst

throughthrough

NovemberNovember

31st31st

What is the role of the What is the role of the National Hurricane centers National Hurricane centers during hurricane season?during hurricane season?

Provides weather information, Provides weather information, such as data from satellitessuch as data from satellites

Responsible for issuing watches Responsible for issuing watches and warnings to the media and and warnings to the media and general publicgeneral public

The US Hurricane Bureau is in The US Hurricane Bureau is in Miami. Canada’s is in Dartmouth!Miami. Canada’s is in Dartmouth!

Watch vs. WarningWatch vs. Warning

What is the difference between a What is the difference between a Hurricane Watch and a Hurricane Hurricane Watch and a Hurricane Warning?Warning?

Watch – Tropical storm poses a threat Watch – Tropical storm poses a threat to coastal areas with 36 hoursto coastal areas with 36 hours

Warning - Tropical storm conditions Warning - Tropical storm conditions are expected in a coastal area within are expected in a coastal area within 24 hours24 hours

What conditions must be What conditions must be present for a hurricane to present for a hurricane to

develop?develop? Warm ocean Warm ocean

temperatures (>26˚C) up temperatures (>26˚C) up to 60m deepto 60m deep

Little to no wind shearLittle to no wind shear Low pressure system at Low pressure system at

least 5˚ North or South of least 5˚ North or South of EquatorEquator

Rotation caused by winds Rotation caused by winds Source:

http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/fran/

fran.html

Even George Clooney loves Even George Clooney loves them!them!

The Perfect StormThe Perfect Storm The Perfect Storm - The Final Fight – The Perfect Storm - The Final Fight –

YouTubeYouTube The Giant Wave - The Perfect Storm (The Giant Wave - The Perfect Storm (

3/5) Movie CLIP (2000) HD - 3/5) Movie CLIP (2000) HD - YouTubeYouTube

What is the major source of What is the major source of energy fueling a hurricane?energy fueling a hurricane?

Heat Energy evaporating from Heat Energy evaporating from the ocean surfacethe ocean surface

Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/evap.rxml

Hurricane AnatomyHurricane Anatomy

Source: http://hurricanes.noaa.gov/prepare/structure.htm

Another look at the Another look at the StructureStructure

Source: http://hurricanes.noaa.gov/prepare/structure.htm

Comparison of TermsComparison of Terms

Tropical DisturbanceTropical DisturbanceGroup of thunderstorms in the tropics Group of thunderstorms in the tropics

that are that are present for at least 24 hourspresent for at least 24 hours

Tropical WaveTropical Wave lack of circulation, winds <25 mph and lack of circulation, winds <25 mph and

every every directiondirection

Tropical DepressionTropical Depressionclosed circulation but disorganized, winds closed circulation but disorganized, winds

at at least 25 mphleast 25 mph

Comparison of TermsComparison of Terms

Tropical StormTropical Storm

Shower and thunderstorm moves over Shower and thunderstorm moves over closed closed circulation, winds greater than 39 circulation, winds greater than 39 mphmph

HurricaneHurricane

Eye is developed, winds > 74 mphEye is developed, winds > 74 mph

Compare the FollowingCompare the Following

Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/stages/home.rxml

By what two factors is By what two factors is hurricane strength measured?hurricane strength measured?

Wind SpeedWind Speed

Barometric PressureBarometric Pressure

What is the Scale Used to What is the Scale Used to Categorize Hurricanes?Categorize Hurricanes?

Saffir-Simpson ScaleSaffir-Simpson ScaleCategorCategor

yyMax Wind Max Wind

SpeedSpeed

(mph)(mph)

Min. Surface Min. Surface Pressure (mb)Pressure (mb)

Storm Surge Storm Surge m (ft)m (ft)

11 74-9674-96 > 980> 980 1-1.7 (3-5)1-1.7 (3-5)

22 97-11197-111 979-965979-965 1.8-2.6 (6-8)1.8-2.6 (6-8)

33 112-131112-131 964-945964-945 2.7-3.8 (9-12)2.7-3.8 (9-12)

44 132-155132-155 944-920944-920 3.9-5.6 (13-3.9-5.6 (13-18)18)

55 > 155> 155 < 920< 920 > 5.7 (>19)> 5.7 (>19)Source: http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/hurricane/saffir-simpson.html

What causes the What causes the damage in a damage in a hurricane?hurricane?

WindsWindsFloodingFloodingStorm SurgeStorm Surge

What is a storm surge?What is a storm surge?

Large wall or dome Large wall or dome of water that of water that rushes into the rushes into the coastline as a result coastline as a result of a hurricane of a hurricane making landfallmaking landfall

To the right are the To the right are the areas affected by areas affected by high storm surgeshigh storm surges

Souce: http://www.wkrg.com/hurricanecenter/surge/SE.jpg

What destroys a hurricane?What destroys a hurricane?

Strong vertical windsStrong vertical winds Cold waterCold water Movement over landMovement over land

FrictionFrictionLack of moistureLack of moisture

Explain why the majority of the Explain why the majority of the costliest storms are relatively costliest storms are relatively

recentrecent Damage is a Damage is a

result of result of developmentdevelopment

There are more There are more developed developed areas and areas and possessions possessions than in the pastthan in the past

Source: http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html

The deadliest storms were The deadliest storms were long ago.long ago.

Lack of instrumentation to predict and Lack of instrumentation to predict and track stormstrack storms

People were not warned of the incoming People were not warned of the incoming dangerdanger

Source: http://www.1900storm.com/photographs/photo10.html

Results of the Galveston Hurricane

How do they decide the How do they decide the names of Hurricanes?names of Hurricanes?

LisaMatthew

NicoleOttoPaula

RichardSharyTomas

VirginieWalter

http://www.livescience.com/34518-hurricane-names-2013.html

AlexBonnieColinDanielleEarlFionaGastonHermineIgorJuliaKarl

ProtectionProtection

Listen to warningsListen to warnings Take all warnings seriouslyTake all warnings seriously Follow evacuationsFollow evacuations Prepare Food and Water for Prepare Food and Water for

extensive power outagesextensive power outages

Source: http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/students/w97/matheson/hpage.htm

Hurricane Juan-Halifax Hurricane Juan-Halifax Hurricane JuanHurricane Juan was a significant was a significant tropical cyclonetropical cyclone that that caused heavy damage in Canada in late September caused heavy damage in Canada in late September 2003. It was the tenth named storm and the sixth 2003. It was the tenth named storm and the sixth hurricane of the hurricane of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Juan . Juan formed southeast of formed southeast of BermudaBermuda on September 24 from a on September 24 from a tropical wavetropical wave that had tracked across the subtropical that had tracked across the subtropical Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean. It tracked northward and strengthened . It tracked northward and strengthened over the warm waters of the over the warm waters of the Gulf StreamGulf Stream, reaching , reaching Category 2 strength on the Category 2 strength on the SaffirSaffir-Simpson hurricane scale-Simpson hurricane scale on September 27. The on September 27. The hurricane peaked in intensity with hurricane peaked in intensity with sustained windssustained winds of of 105 mph (165 km/h) that same day, losing some 105 mph (165 km/h) that same day, losing some strength as it raced over cooler waters toward the strength as it raced over cooler waters toward the coast of coast of Nova ScotiaNova Scotia. .

Juan made landfall between Juan made landfall between Shad BayShad Bay and and ProspectProspect in in the the Halifax Regional MunicipalityHalifax Regional Municipality early on September early on September 29 as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100 mph 29 as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h).(160 km/h).[1][1] Juan retained hurricane strength while Juan retained hurricane strength while crossing Nova Scotia from south to north, though it crossing Nova Scotia from south to north, though it weakened to a tropical storm over weakened to a tropical storm over Prince Edward IslandPrince Edward Island. It was absorbed by another . It was absorbed by another extratropicalextratropical low low later on later on September 29 near September 29 near AnticostiAnticosti Island Island in the northern in the northern Gulf of Saint LawrenceGulf of Saint Lawrence..

The hurricane inflicted extensive damage across central The hurricane inflicted extensive damage across central Nova Scotia and into Prince Edward Island, with lesser Nova Scotia and into Prince Edward Island, with lesser damage east and west of the storm centre. Most of the damage east and west of the storm centre. Most of the damage occurred as a result of the intense winds that damage occurred as a result of the intense winds that buffeted the region. Juan's passage resulted in 8 buffeted the region. Juan's passage resulted in 8 fatalities and over CA $300 million (US $200 million) in fatalities and over CA $300 million (US $200 million) in damage. It was described as the worst storm to hit damage. It was described as the worst storm to hit Halifax since Halifax since 18931893

Unforgettable Weather: Hurricane Unforgettable Weather: Hurricane Juan - YouTubeJuan - YouTube

Forces of Nature -- Hurricane Juan hitForces of Nature -- Hurricane Juan hits Nova Scotia - s Nova Scotia - YouTubeYouTube

Hurricane Juan Halifax, CBC NEWS - Hurricane Juan Halifax, CBC NEWS - YouTubeYouTube

Hurricane Juan 2003 - Hurricane Juan 2003 - HailfaxHailfax, Nova Scotia – , Nova Scotia – YouTubeYouTube

HURRICANE KATRINA HURRICANE KATRINA NEW ORLEANSNEW ORLEANS

Hurricane Katrina Day by DayHurricane Katrina Day by Day Hurricane Katrina - YOU MUST WATCH Hurricane Katrina - YOU MUST WATCH

THIS - YouTubeTHIS - YouTube Kanye West Hurricane Katrina – Kanye West Hurricane Katrina –

YouTubeYouTube Kanye West revisits "George Bush Kanye West revisits "George Bush

doesn't care" remarks – YouTubedoesn't care" remarks – YouTubeGeorge Bush anger at Kanye West's George Bush anger at Kanye West's 'Racist' Remark Memoir – YouTube'Racist' Remark Memoir – YouTube

Hurricane Sandy, New Jersey-Hurricane Sandy, New Jersey-NY 2012NY 2012

Super Storm Sandy : An Inside Look at Super Storm Sandy : An Inside Look at Hurricane Sandy (Full Documentary) – Hurricane Sandy (Full Documentary) – YouTubeYouTube

Hurricane Sandy: The Documentary - Hurricane Sandy: The Documentary - YouTubeYouTube

Tornados vs. HurricanesTornados vs. HurricanesWhat causes tornados? - Weather - Weather News - msnbc.com

WHAT DO HURRICANES WHAT DO HURRICANES AND TORNADOES HAVE IN AND TORNADOES HAVE IN

COMMON?COMMON?

Low Pressure Low Pressure Strong Winds Strong Winds Hazardous to Life and Hazardous to Life and

Property Property

HOW DO THEY DIFFER?HOW DO THEY DIFFER?

Location: T- inland H-coastal Location: T- inland H-coastal Size: H- Much widerSize: H- Much wider Duration – H- last longerDuration – H- last longer Season of Occurrence – H- Season of Occurrence – H-

AutumnAutumn

T- SpringT- Spring

WHEN DO THEY OCCUR?WHEN DO THEY OCCUR?

Hurricane season Hurricane season Late Summer and Fall Late Summer and Fall

Tornado seasonTornado seasonSpring and Early SummerSpring and Early Summer

Hurricanes form over warm (80 Hurricanes form over warm (80 °F) tropical seas °F) tropical seas Latitude 7-15 degrees North and Latitude 7-15 degrees North and

South of the equator South of the equator

Tornadoes form over land in Tornadoes form over land in the mid-latitudes the mid-latitudes

HURRICANE DAMAGEHURRICANE DAMAGE

High winds High winds 75-125 mph75-125 mph

Torrential rains Torrential rains Flash floodsFlash floods

Storm surges Storm surges as sea level as sea level rises rises

HURRICANE CLASSIFICATIONSHURRICANE CLASSIFICATIONS

Category One -- Winds 74-95 mph Category One -- Winds 74-95 mph Category Two -- Winds 96-110 mph Category Two -- Winds 96-110 mph Category Three -- Winds 111-130 mphCategory Three -- Winds 111-130 mph Category Four -- Winds 131-155 mph Category Four -- Winds 131-155 mph Category Five -- Winds greater than Category Five -- Winds greater than

155 mph155 mph

LOCATION OF TORNADOESLOCATION OF TORNADOES

Most common in the United States Most common in the United States Plains States, Midwest, and Florida Plains States, Midwest, and Florida In advance of a cold front In advance of a cold front Embedded in hurricanes Embedded in hurricanes Also occur regularly in the Prairies and OntarioAlso occur regularly in the Prairies and Ontario

Tornado AlleyTornado Alley is a colloquial term for the area of the is a colloquial term for the area of the United StatesUnited States where where tornadoestornadoes are most frequent. Although an are most frequent. Although an official location is not defined, the areas in between the official location is not defined, the areas in between the Rocky MountainsRocky Mountains and and Appalachian MountainsAppalachian Mountains are the areas are the areas usually associated with it.usually associated with it.

Though no state of the world is entirely free of tornadoes, they Though no state of the world is entirely free of tornadoes, they occur more frequently in the plains between the Rocky and occur more frequently in the plains between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. According to the storm events Appalachian Mountains. According to the storm events database of the database of the National Climatic Data CenterNational Climatic Data Center, Texas reports , Texas reports more tornadoes than any other state, though the very large more tornadoes than any other state, though the very large land area should be taken into account. Kansas and Oklahoma land area should be taken into account. Kansas and Oklahoma are second and third respectively for sheer numbers of are second and third respectively for sheer numbers of tornadoes reported but report more per land area than Texas. tornadoes reported but report more per land area than Texas. However, the density of tornado occurrences in northern Texas However, the density of tornado occurrences in northern Texas is comparable to those in Kansas and Oklahoma. Florida also is comparable to those in Kansas and Oklahoma. Florida also reports a high number and density of tornado occurrences, reports a high number and density of tornado occurrences, though tornadoes there rarely approach the strength of those though tornadoes there rarely approach the strength of those that sometimes occur in the southern plains that sometimes occur in the southern plains

Tornadoes

No one knows for sure why the sky changes color before a tornado. No one knows for sure why the sky changes color before a tornado. But there are a couple of theories that suggest what creates the But there are a couple of theories that suggest what creates the strange greenish-yellow color that (sometimes) precedes a storm.strange greenish-yellow color that (sometimes) precedes a storm.

To understand the first theory, you’ve got to picture mountains. To understand the first theory, you’ve got to picture mountains. Mountains in the distance often look a deepening blue. That blue Mountains in the distance often look a deepening blue. That blue color stems from the scattering of light by air molecules – it’s the color stems from the scattering of light by air molecules – it’s the same reason the sky looks blue. Some experts think that, before a same reason the sky looks blue. Some experts think that, before a thunderstorm, golden-reddish light from the sun low in the sky and a thunderstorm, golden-reddish light from the sun low in the sky and a natural bluing effect of the air combine to create a green sky. The natural bluing effect of the air combine to create a green sky. The storm provides a dark backdrop and offsets this greenish or storm provides a dark backdrop and offsets this greenish or yellowish hue. yellowish hue.

A different meteorological theory holds that storm clouds A different meteorological theory holds that storm clouds themselves may help make the color of the sky bluish-green. To themselves may help make the color of the sky bluish-green. To understand this theory, you first need to know that water is understand this theory, you first need to know that water is intrinsically blue (sometimes you can see the bluish tint of water in a intrinsically blue (sometimes you can see the bluish tint of water in a white bathtub). It could be that the storm clouds — which are filled white bathtub). It could be that the storm clouds — which are filled with water — provide the color blue, which, again, is illuminated by with water — provide the color blue, which, again, is illuminated by the golden light of a low sun to create the color green. the golden light of a low sun to create the color green.

SIZE AND DURATION OF SIZE AND DURATION OF TORNADOESTORNADOES

Narrow intense storm Narrow intense storm 1/4 mile wide 1/4 mile wide Path of 6 miles SW to NW Path of 6 miles SW to NW

Tornado HazardsTornado Hazards

Wind Speed up Wind Speed up to 300 mph to 300 mph

(480 km/h)(480 km/h) Strong updraft Strong updraft

in the funnel in the funnel Explosions due Explosions due

to pressure to pressure contrastcontrast

FFujita Pearson Tornado ujita Pearson Tornado ScaleScale

F-0:F-0: 40-72 mph, chimney damage, tree branches 40-72 mph, chimney damage, tree branches brokenbroken

F-1:F-1: 73-112 mph, mobile homes pushed off 73-112 mph, mobile homes pushed off foundation or overturnedfoundation or overturned

F-2:F-2: 113-157 mph, considerable damage, mobile 113-157 mph, considerable damage, mobile homes demolished, trees uprootedhomes demolished, trees uprooted

F-3:F-3: 158-205 mph, roofs and walls torn down, 158-205 mph, roofs and walls torn down, trains overturned, cars throwntrains overturned, cars thrown

F-4:F-4: 207-260 mph, well-constructed walls leveled 207-260 mph, well-constructed walls leveled F-5:F-5: 261-318 mph, homes lifted off foundation 261-318 mph, homes lifted off foundation

and carried considerable distances, autos thrown and carried considerable distances, autos thrown as far as 100 metersas far as 100 meters

Destroyed in Seconds- Monster Tornado - Destroyed in Seconds- Monster Tornado - YouTubeYouTube

Crazy visualsCrazy visuals

Tornadoes from Below and Above - YouTubeTornadoes from Below and Above - YouTube F5 Tornado in Elie, Manitoba on June 22nd, F5 Tornado in Elie, Manitoba on June 22nd,

2007 - YouTube2007 - YouTube YouTube - F5 Tornado in Elie, MB Devastates YouTube - F5 Tornado in Elie, MB Devastates

Part of Town & F3 Tornado in Oakville, MBPart of Town & F3 Tornado in Oakville, MB Tornado at soccer game! - /football – YouTubeTornado at soccer game! - /football – YouTube http://past.theweathernetwork.com/news/http://past.theweathernetwork.com/news/

storm_watch_stories3&stormfile=Edmonton_tstorm_watch_stories3&stormfile=Edmonton_tornado_remembered_29_07_2012ornado_remembered_29_07_2012

The Wizard of Oz: Cyclone Clip - YouTubeThe Wizard of Oz: Cyclone Clip - YouTube

WaterspoutsWaterspouts

Generally, waterspouts are given the honor of being called a Generally, waterspouts are given the honor of being called a "tornado over water". But waterspouts are not truly given the "tornado over water". But waterspouts are not truly given the name of a real tornado until they reach land. name of a real tornado until they reach land.

The Two Types of WaterspoutsThe Two Types of Waterspouts Water spouts can start as tornadoes over land. If they move over Water spouts can start as tornadoes over land. If they move over

a body of water, they are classified as a body of water, they are classified as tornadictornadic. This type of . This type of waterspout can be fairly destructive. The second type of waterspout can be fairly destructive. The second type of waterspout is formed over water initially due to warm waterspout is formed over water initially due to warm temperatures in the lower atmosphere along with high humidity. temperatures in the lower atmosphere along with high humidity. Fair weather waterspoutsFair weather waterspouts are generally not as dangerous and are are generally not as dangerous and are more common than tornadic waterspouts. However, boaters and more common than tornadic waterspouts. However, boaters and people who live near larger bodies of water should take people who live near larger bodies of water should take waterspout warnings and watches very seriouslywaterspout warnings and watches very seriously

What are Waterspouts?What are Waterspouts? Amazing waterspout 'tornado' caught on camera off Australia – YoAmazing waterspout 'tornado' caught on camera off Australia – Yo

uTubeuTube Huge Water spout/Tornado on the water – YouTubeHuge Water spout/Tornado on the water – YouTube Twin Water Spouts Caught On Video - YouTubeTwin Water Spouts Caught On Video - YouTube