HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

NORMS AND STANDARDS IN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH

NORBERT KROO


BUDAPEST, 12. 06.03


SIGNIFICANCE OF STANDARDIZATION

AUDIO AND VIDEO CASETES (AS AN EXAMPLE)

BUT NOMENCLATURE, SYMBOLS, TERMINOLOGY, METHO-

DOLOGY, ETC. IN ANY FIELD ARE ALSO CRITICAL

MANUFACTURING STANDARDS (E.G. DIN)

SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

FOOD

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

CHEMICALS, ETC.


SIGNIFICANCE OF STANDARDIZATION (2)

ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING

DEFINING A PUBLICATION

CITATION

PEER REVIEW

FULL AND OPEN ACCESS VS. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

RIGHTS

PRIVACY

ARCHIVING


SIGNIFICANCE OF STANDADIZATION (3)

ETHICAL NORMS (E.G. IN DIFFERENT R&D FIELDS)

NUCLEAR ISSUES

BIOLOGICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES

SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS


RESEARCH

FRASCATI MANUAL (OECD, 1993)

NORMS AND STANDARDS OF QUALITY

STANDARDIZED PRACTICE OF THE EVALUATION

OF R&D ACTIVITY

THE USE OF STATISTICAL DATA (USEFUL INSTRUMENT)

R&D STATISTICAL DATA AS INDICATORS OF

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

BUT THESE DATA ALONE ARE NOT ENOUGH

STUDIED IN CONTEXT

COSTS OF SOFTWARE, TRAINING, MANAGEMENT

RESEARCH TRAINING PART OF TECHNICAL TR.

CORRELATION WITH ECONOMICAL DATA


MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES

(CANBERRA MANUAL, 1999)

THE COMBINATION OF S&T WITH HUMAN POTENTIAL

(KEY TO ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT

OF THE ENVIRONMENT)

SPECIAL WORKFORCE: HUMAN POTENTIAL OF S&T

LONG TIME NEEDED FOR EDUCATION , TRAINING. COSTLY.

FOR PROPER BALANCE: GOOD STATISTICAL DATA, BOTH ON

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

USERS: RESEARCH, PRIVATE (INDUSTRY), GOVERNANCE

STANDARDIZED DEFINITIONS, DATA COLLECTION AND USE


R&D AS A COMPETITIVE FIELD

DRIVEN IN CO-OPERATION

CRITICAL SIZE

COSTS

ACCELERATING INNOVATION PROCESS

MEASURED ON GLOBAL SCALE

BENCHMARKING

CONTINUOUS COMPARISON WITH BEST PRACTICES

QUALITY ASSURANCE

DRIVING FORCE OF EXCELLENCE (ON GLOBAL SCALE)


THE EUROPEAN SITUATION

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

NEGATIVE TRADE BALANCE (IN HIGH TECH. BUT IN

„CLASSICAL” PRODUCTS TOO)

BASIC RESEARCH SATISFACTORY BUT BEHIND THE US

APPLICATIONS: SLOW

FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES

LOW LEVEL OF R&D SPENDING (90 BN EURO DEFICIT)

INFORMATICS (HIGH COSTS, GEANT)

LISBON (ERA)

BARCELONA (3%, ERC)

DISCUSSION FORA (ESF, EURAB, ERCEG)


HOW TO DO THINGS BETTER?

COMPARISON WITH THE US? HOW?

RESPONSIBILITY (PERSONAL, INSTITUTIONAL, SCIENTIFIC)

POLITICAL DECISIONS ON SCIENCE

COMMON EUROPEAN SCIENCE POLICY

PROMOTION OF SCIENTIFIC CULTURE

FREEDOM OF RESEARCH

DECISIONS HAVE TO BE BASED ON COMMON NORMS AND STANDARDS


THE HUNGARIAN SITUATION (IN SHORT)

SPENDING ON R&D

ILLUSTRATIVE DATA ON THE COSTS OF RESEARCH

THE SHARE FROM THE CITATIONS IN THE WORLD

THE KNOWLEDGE BASEDNESS OF THE ECONOMY

SOME BENCHMARKING

R&D Expenses (% of the GDP)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Hungary

EU

USA

Japan

TEMPORAL DEPENDENCE OF R&D SPENDING IN HUNGARY AND OTHERS



SHARE IN THE WORLD POPULATION: 0.17%

Knowledge based economies ranked by Finantial Times

52

44

40

38

33

31

29

29

28

27

27

26

20

19

16

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Switzerland

Sweden

USA

Ireland

Netherlands

Hungary

Belgium

Canada

United Kingdom

Finland

South Korea

Germany

Japan

Australia

Luxembourg

Source: European Innovation Scoreboard 2002

0

20

40

60

80

100New S&E grads

Population with 3rd education

Public R&D/GDP

Business R&D/GDP

High-tech venture capital/GDP

Total number of researchers(FTE)/population

S&T INDICATORS OF HUNGARY (2001 DATA. EU MEAN=100%)


THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

EXPERIENCE IN EVALUATION

BOTH ON INSTITUTIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL LEVELS

DATABASE

PERMANENT DEBATES

EVALUATION BASED ON A DOZEN PARAMETERS

PUBLICATIONS, CITATIONS (IMPACT FACTORS),

GRANTS (DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL), TRAINING,

EDUCATION, SERVICE ACTIVITY, PATENTS, CONTRACT

INCOME, ETC.


Documents

HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES