Human_Factors_in_Aviation.ppt

8/9/2019 Human_Factors_in_Aviation.ppt

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A good day, or a bad day at the office Depending on your perspective


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Human Factors in Aviation

Design Delegation Holders, 20 October 2005

Dr Dougal Watson

Principal edical Officer

!ivil Aviation Authority

"o#er Hutt $e# %ealand


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A good day at the office&


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Human Factors:What's it (ean)

Hu(an *actors in action+ On the #ay to Aucland this (orning-


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Human Factors:What's it (ean)

What is Human Factors

and what is it not?

Human Factors = Ergonomics


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Human Factors:

Design engineering


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Human Factors:

Definition 1

. Hu(an *actors is the scientific discipline

concerned #ith the understanding of

interactions among humans and otherelements of a system, and the profession that

applies theory, principles, data and (ethods

to design in order to opti(i/e hu(an #ell

being and overall syste( perfor(ance-

1nternational rgono(ics Association 3http+44###-iea-cc


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Human Factors:

Definition 2

. 6Hu(an *actors is about people+ it is about people

in their #oring and living environ(ents, and it is

about their relationship #ith e7uip(ent,procedures, and the environ(ent- 8ust as

i(portantly, it is about their relationships #ith

other people --- 1ts t#o ob9ectives can be seen assafety and efficiency-::

1!AO !ircular 22;


9/49$ot such a good day at the office&


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Human Factors:

Definition 3

. Why do s(art people do dangerous 4

du(b things)


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Human Factors:

Invoves humans!

pect

errorfree hu(an perfor(ance-? @happell

Wieg(ann,1997.


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Human Factors:

Wh" dosmart #eo#e do dangerous $ dum% things?

B >cessive Worload

. Physical and cognitive effort involved in tas perfor(ance-

B "ac of @ituation A#areness

. What's going on)

. What's liely to happen ne>t)

. What #ill happen if 1 tae a particular action)B >cessive @tress, *atigue, Cncertainty, etc-

. 1(pacts perceptual(otor perfor(ance, decision(aing, etc-

B Di(inished Attention

. oo (uch to attend to at once 3overload

. oo little to attend to for too long 3underloadB Poor ea(#or and !o((unication

. Often due to poor layout of #or space and4or poor layout of co((and andco((unication structure

B Euality engineering can help avoid virtually all of these proble(s


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Human Factors:

Avoiding Errors!

. &an' design' manufacture' and im#ement

s"stems that:

B Ctilise hu(an capabilities=

B !ater to hu(an li(itations+. Fedundancies=

. "ayered defences=

. *ailsafe design etc etc etc

. (rain ) e*ui# humans to:B Ctilise the syste(=

B Fecognise and (ini(ise their li(itations=

B "earn fro( errors-


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$ot a good day at the office&


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Human Factors:

Domains within Human Factors

. PhysicalB anato(ical, anthropo(etric, physiological and bio(echanical

characteristics as they relate to physical activity

. !ognitive

B (ental processes, such as perception, (e(ory, reasoning, and(otor response, as they affect interactions a(ong hu(ans andother ele(ents of a syste(

. OrganisationalB opti(i/ation of sociotechnical syste(s, including their

organi/ational structures, policies, and processes

. @o(e#hat artificial delineation, in part reflecting the trainingbacground of the practitioners


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Human Factors:

Who does Human Factors?

. ultiDisciplinary H* @pecialists

. @o(e+BPsychologists

Bngineers

BDoctors

BGinesiologists

BFetrained @ub9ect atter >perts es, it ispossible to retrain engineers 3pilots anddoctors

B@cientists


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Another bad day at the office&


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Human Factors:

What is not Human Factors?

.


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Human Factors:

Wh" isn+t ever"one doing it?

.


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Human Factors:

What a%out aviation?. Over the past K0 years, over L0M

of accidents and incidents #ere

related to the hu(an ele(ent and

#ere largely preventable through

the proper application of Hu(an

*actors principles-

. 1f the accident or incident rate is

to be decreased, hu(an factors(ust be better understood and the

no#ledge (ore broadly applied-

http+44###-ca(i-9ccbi-gov4AAN004N04N00AirH*I-ht(l


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Human Factors in Ever"da" ,ife:

-edicine

,et he who is without sin .. @i> accidents involving (assive radiation overdose to

patients 3L5 L;

. herac25 radiation treat(ent device

. !ontrolled re(otely

.


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Foot#aths

(hings that get in "our wa"!

. People usually follo# footpaths #hen

they're convenient-

. any people tae the path of leastresistance-

. ae a hint fro( people:s behaviour-

. What does the savvy civil engineer orbuilder do)


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/entre High0-ounted to# ,ights

Human Factors innovation

. $@I esti(ates T0 (illion savings

pa 9ust in property da(age-

. Also (any (illions in (edical costssaved-

. T5 (illion spent in develop(ental

research and regulatory progra(s-

. What !*O #ouldn't see theattractiveness of over T billion annual

return on a T5 (illion oneoff

invest(ent)


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A great day at the office&


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/a /entre /4( Dis#a"

Human Factors innovation

. i>edcase te>t, plus highlighting

of selected listing-

. @aved N00(s in average call

operating ti(e-

. ranslated to T2-K (illion per year-

. @(all invest(ent, s(all obviousi(prove(ent, good return at the

botto(line-

ail Io> Fentals U Foselle Fd @!HACICFV N0U ;0L LU5;05

ail Io>es etc

LUN Ar lington Heights Fd "G VFOJ J1""AV N000; ;0L 5N2

;K W Volf Fd OC$ PFO@P! N005N ;0L NK0;;LL

UL Hay Day Foad IC**A"O VFOJ N00N ;0L 2UK5N;LU0 W ain @t "AG %CF1!H N00K; ;0L K5;0N0

2N ast Wing HO**A$ @A@ N05 ;0L U0KK02

LUN Ar lington Heights Fd "G VFOJ J1""AV N000; ;0L 5N2


UL Hay Day Foad IC**A"O VFOJ N00N ;0L 2UK5N;

LU0 W ain @t "AG %CF1!H N00K; ;0L K5;0N0



UL Hay Day Foad IC**A"O VFOJ N00N ;0L 2UK5N;

LU0 W ain @t "AG %CF1!H N00K; ;0L K5;0N0


A1" IO F$A"@ U FO@"" FD @!HACICFV N0U ;0L LU5;05

A1" IO@ !

LUN AF"1$VO$ H1VH@ FD "G VFOJ J1""AV N000; ;0L 5N2

;K W VO"* FD OC$ PFO@P! N005N ;0L NK0;;LL

UL HA DA FOAD IC**A"O VFOJ N00N ;0L 2UK5N;

LU0 W A1$ @ "AG %CF1!H N00K; ;0L K5;0N0

2N A@ W1$V HO**A$ @A@ N05 ;0L U0KK02

LUN AF"1$VO$ H1VH@ FD "G VFOJ J1""AV N000; ;0L 5N2



LU0 W A1$ @ "AG %CF1!H N00K; ;0L K5;0N0

2N A@ W1$V HO**A$ @A@ N05 ;0L U0KK02



LU0 W A1$ @ "AG %CF1!H N00K; ;0L K5;0N02N A@ W1$V HO**A$ @A@ N05 ;0L U0KK02


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/ar eat Ad5ustment

/ontros with une#ected function!

. Want to slide the seat bac) Feach do#n

and pull the lever-

. "ever 7uicly detaches the #hole seat-

. $oone liely to #ant to detach a seat #hile

sitting in it- ove the control to so(e#here

it can't be reached #hile sitting-


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Human Factors in 6not eact"7 ever"da" ife:

@huttle !ocpit


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This display is a work-in-progress which needs to undergo testing and evaluation. Even after revisions, it might not be implemented on the shuttle because of budget constraints or other factors.

8enefits:

. he subsyste(s are

separated 3e-g-, landing gear,

braes, drag chute-

. 1(portant infor(ation3landing gear is displayed at

the top-

. !olorcoding separates

different co(ponents such as

labels and data-. Offno(inal ele(ents are

colorcoded-

Ir 1sol 2

"V >t

2

"V >t 1sol

$ose Deploy

2 U

42 42 *ull

Iraes

!DF P"

Ar(

Dpy

8et

@@ Fepo

*ail

ain Deploy

$W@ $W@ 2

Pyro

Pyro 2

"V >t 2$W@ @4J

Ir

1so

Ir

1so U

Ir

1so 2

*AUan

P@*A2an

P@*Aan

P@

*Aan

P@ *A2an

P@

P@P@P@

$W@ *ail

"anding Vear

Iraes Drag !hute

Hyd "anding -- 393 -E( 19$19:;:3;Hyd "anding -- 393 -E( 19$19:;:3;

" V F V

Hyd OI 1I 1I OI

U @ @ @ @

2 U @ @ @ @

" F

Irae Press" F

$ose @ @ @ @

n 1I @ @ @ @

OI @ @ @ @

ire Press

@huttle APC Display3offno(inal conditions


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Human Factors in 6not eact"7 ever"da" ife:

!hallenges on 1@@ for (ergency scape

. &ro%em < Disorientation ) ac of I architectura awarenessB Disorientation reported on 1@@ in $ode , as #ell as ir

B Onorbit is the first e>perience #ith the entire layout of 1@@

B Jisiting !re#s #ill not have ti(e to learn the 1@@ layout

B Disorientation can increase translation ti(e and i(pact efficiency safety


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@olution+ Phosphorescent (ergency gress Path

Placards

Icons ) Arrows 1ndicate distinct (ultiple egress

paths to the specific vehicles 1cons te>t provide redundant

cueing Adaptable to location #ithin 1@@ Fussian e>t for the @oyu/ #hen

used in the *VI and @

&hos#horescent Self-illuminated relative to

surroundings *acilitate identification in reduced

visibility conditions !hange out every 2 years


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Human Factors in Aviation:

/1;9

QHu(an *actors' not

al#ays right-

. Hu(an *actors e>pert

analysis-

. 1nconsistent design #rt

throttle and carbie heat

controls-


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How Cessna 150s

are made


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"ight aircraft e(ergency fuel (anage(ent

. /hecing or changing fue su##" in an emergenc"?


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3; ) 3; 8onan>as

/hange fue tan in an

emergenc"!

. *uel control handle under the front

of the pilot seat, on the left beside

cabin #all

. @eat often needs to be slid bac to

access control

B specially for a shortass pilotlie (e

. @liding seat bac can (ae full

control input i(possible-

Other#ise a great aeroplane-

$ot such a good day at the office&


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$othing ne# under the sun

$ot such a good day at the office&


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/ai Air Disaster

AA@; 8; 21DE/;. !lassic case of


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/011 tarifter

Human Factors in design. K0 years ago- ultirole aircraft concept

e(ploying rollon 4 rolloff alternative

(ission its-

. Gits heavy and co(ple> and re7uired lotsof ti(e and effort to install-

. H* analysis of (ission profiles and

e7uip(ent needs lead to co(plete

restructuring of e7uip(ent deploy(ent-

. T500 invest(ent lead to T5 initial

savings-

. What #ould your !*O thin)

ll

f i


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@peedbird 2K5+ ou're nu(ber t#o

behind a !essna- Ie#are #ae

turbulence&

@peedbird 2K5+ !aution, *OD

ha/ard ahead&

1t's all a (atter of perspective


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8ritish -idands Air Disaster 6Begworth7

83099 9CAC. *an blade in left engine detached during cli(b

RS co(pressor stall-

. !re# throttled bac right engine shudderingstopped- Fight engine shutdo#n-

. Al(ost nor(al e(ergency approach for so(eti(e then increased vibration again fro( leftengine and then abrupt loss of po#er-

. !ouldn't restart right engine-

. Aircraft struc a field ad9acent to (otor#ay-K; dead, ;K seriously in9ured-

. A proble( of #erce#tua sets#here pa> andcabin cre# had noted s(oe fro( the left enginebut the infor(ation #as inade7uatelyco((unicated to the flight dec-


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here (ust be a hu(an factors (essage in this so(e#here


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&ease

Hu(an *actors, aviation, and you-

A plea to the engineers involved in aviationVood hu(an factors in the design, develop(ent,

(anufacture, and (aintenance of aircraft and aviationsyste(s #ill reduce safety failures big ti(e&Vood hu(an factors #ill also financially benefit your

e(ployer

Vood ergono(ics is good econo(ics 3googleit&


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Human Factors 4esources

. 1nternet

. Ioos, Feports, aga/ines

. assey, Aucland, Otago Cniversities

. F$%A* 3$ot the $avy though

. !olleagues, !lubs, @ocieties

. Private !o(panies

. *or(al training of our people

Whenever we talk about a pilot who has been killed in


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Whenever we talk about a pilot who has been killed ina flying accident, we should all keep one thing in mind.

They made a judgment. They believed in it so

strongly that they knowingly bet their life on it. Thattheir judgment was faulty is a tragedy,

Every engineer, instructor, supervisor, doctor, andcontemporary who ever spoke to them had theopportunity to influence their judgment, so a little bit

of all of us goes with every pilot we lose.


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Human_Factors_in_Aviation.ppt