Human Trafficking in Malaysia

7/25/2019 Human Trafficking in Malaysia

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HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN MALAYSIA



Contents

Summary……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………..ii

1.0 Introduction 1

2.

0 Car A 1

2.1 Design features 1

2.2 Materials selection

2.3 Fuel efficienc!

3.

0 Car B "

3.1 Design features "3.2 Materials selection #

3.3 Fuel efficienc! #

4.

0 Comparison of designs $

5.

0 Conclusions %

.

0 !eferences &

Appendices"Appendi# 1 Design 'iagra(s

Appendi# 2 Contri)ution of eac* grou+ (e()er

1,- ./ecuti0e Su((ar!



,- Intro'uction

Mala!sia is sai' to )e a +o+ular 'estination a(ongst (igrant or2ers for

econo(ic reasons i,e3 to see2 e(+lo!(ent o++ortunities or as a transit countr!, T*at is

*! t*ese 0ulnera)le an' +oerless grou+ of (inorities is often targete' to )eco(ing



0icti(s of se/ual an' la)our traffic2ing, T*e ter( 4*u(an traffic2ing5 is t*ere)! use' to

'escri)e a for( of (o'ern6'a! sla0er! *ere)! 0icti(s are force' or ot*erise coerce'

into la)or or se/ )ot* it*in t*e countr! an' international )or'ers,

T*e +ur+ose of t*is re+ort is to 'iscuss t*e causes of *u(an traffic2ing )ot*

locall! an' internationall!3 t*e )rief o+erations of t*e acti0ities3 co(+aring t*e statisticsof *u(an traffic2ing in Mala!sia an' t*e Glo)al3 t*e i(+act on econo(! as ell as

so(e reco((en'ations to (ini(i7e t*e *a++enings in Mala!sia,

",- Literature Re0ie

Define Hu(an Traffic2ing

T*e UN 'efines traffic2ing as follos8



4Traffic2ing in +ersons5 s*all (ean t*e recruit(ent3 trans+ortation3 transfer3 *ar)oring3 or

recei+t of +ersons3 )! (eans of t*e t*reat or use of force or ot*er for(s of coercion3 of

a)'uction3 of frau'3 of 'ece+tion3 of t*e a)use of +oer or of a +osition of 0ulnera)ilit!3

or of t*e gi0ing or recei0ing of +a!(ents or )enefits to ac*ie0e t*e consent of a +erson

*a0ing control o0er anot*er +erson3 for t*e +ur+ose of e/+loitation 9GRAM.GNA3

--" :,

T!+es of *u(an traffic2ing

Hu(an traffic2ing can )e categori7e' into force' la)our3 se/ual e/+loitation3

organ re(o0al3 force' (arriage an' illicit a'o+tion *ic* in0ol0es t*e illegal selling an'

)u!ing of c*il'ren or )a)! )eteen +arents an' )u!ers,

Causes of *u(an traffic2ing in Mala!sia

T*e nature of *u(an traffic2ing 0aries fro( region to region, Most co((onl! it

in0ol0es traffic2ing in o(en an' c*il'ren for se/ual e/+loitation, Men3 o(en an'

c*il'ren can also )e traffic2e' for a 'i0erse range of ot*er +ur+oses3 inclu'ing force'la)our in (an! illegal in'ustries 9SC3 -1#:, In Mala!sia3 Mala!sians fro( rural an'

in'igenous co((unities ten' to )e (ore 0ulnera)le to traffic2ing 9Anon,3 --16--;:,

So3 *! 'oes *u(an traffic2ing occur< T*ere are a nu()er of factors t*at

contri)ute' to *u(an traffic2ing in Mala!sia, T*e (ain factor t*at encourages traffic2ing

in Mala!sia is its =o) o++ortunit! an' econo(ic sta)ilit!, T*ere are fe(ale *ouse(ai'

fro( In'onesia3 T*ailan'3 >*ili++ines3 Ca()o'ia3 ?ietna(3 M!an(ar3 Mongolia an'

C*ina force' into +rostitution e0en t*oug* t*e! ere actuall! gi0en false +ro(ises

)efore co(ing to Mala!sia t*at t*e! oul' )e offere' legal =o)s *ere 9Mo*' Na@ei( A=is3

-1-:,

>o0ert! is one of t*e (a=or factor *ic* *as increase' o(en an' c*il'ren

0ulnera)ilit! to *u(an traffic2ers, T*e +oor usuall! suffer in co(+le/ financial

constraints3 an' t*is (a2es t*e( illing to +lace t*e(sel0es in an! 2in' of =o) e0en

(igrate o0erseas to see2 for or2 it*out in0estigating in (ore 'etail *at ill t*eir =o)

)e, T*is is )ecause t*eir ulti(ate +ur+ose of fin'ing =o) is to earn as (uc* (one! as

+ossi)le in a s*ort +erio' of ti(e in or'er to sur0i0e, Furt*er(ore3 t*e! also ten' to )e

ignorance a)out t*eir rig*ts an' t*e i(+ortance of un'erstan'ing *o to +rotect an'

'efen' t*e(sel0es fro( 'ecei0e' as t*e! are not taug*t to )e one,

In a''ition to +o0ert!3 lac2 of access to e'ucation an' 2nole'ge on *u(an

traffic2ing issue is also anot*er factor, Alt*oug* in Mala!sia3 (an! go0ern(ent an' non6

go0ern(ental )o'ies often stresse' on t*e issue of *u(an traffic2ing )! gi0ing

ca(+aigns3 )ut e ten' to )e ignorant on t*e seriousness on t*is issue, it*out t*e

aareness on t*e issue3 e 'o not 2no *o to +rotect oursel0es an' e0entuall! fall in

t*e tra+ of *u(an traffic2ers,



Met*o'ologies in *u(an traffic2ing

In or'er to co()at *u(an traffic2ing3 t*e essential Buestion t*at *as to )e as2e'

ill )e *o 0icti(s are traffic2e', T*e +rocess of *u(an traffic2ing can )e )ro2en 'on

into t*ree +*ases na(el! recruit(ent3 trans+ortation an' transfer3 an' recei+t of +erson,

T*e first stage ill )e recruit(ent of +eo+le, At t*is stage3 t*e traffic2ers ill not

onl! recruit t*e 0icti(s )ut t*e! ill also gain control o0er t*e 0icti(s, T*e traffic2ers ill

e(+lo! t*ree (eans na(el! frau'3 force an' coercion, T*ese (eans or2 toget*er an'

*a0e )een ingraine' to for( +art of t*e legal 'efinition as to *at a(ounte' to *u(an

traffic2ing,

Frau' is *ere t*e traffic2ers often lure +eo+le into )elie0ing t*at t*ere are

e(+lo!(ents it* *ig*er ages an' )etter or2ing con'itions else*ere, >eo+le *o

are facing financial 'ifficulties or see2ing for e(+lo!(ent ill easil! ta2e suc* )ait,

Un)e2nonst to t*e(3 u+on reac*ing t*e 'estination3 t*e or2ing con'ition (a! not )eas ell as +ro(ise' or t*e sco+e of e(+lo!(ent is totall! 'ifferent fro( *at *as )een

+ro(ise', An e/a(+le ill )e *ere t*e traffic2ers +ro(ise' t*e in'i0i'ual t*at t*ere ill

)e a ell6+ai' =o) in a factor! *ere in actual fact t*e in'i0i'ual ill fin' *i(self )eing

(ani+ulate' into )eco(ing a force' la)our 9.'(ons 3 -11:,

In a''ition to t*at3 t*e traffic2ers (a! also a++roac* fa(ilies t*at are not ell6off

an' offer to sen' t*eir c*il'ren to anot*er lo0ing fa(il! *o ill ensure t*e c*il'ren ill

*a0e a )etter li0ing en0iron(ent an' )etter e'ucation,

Traffic2ers (a! also 'efrau' t*e in'i0i'uals t*roug* a +ractice 2non as 'e)t

)on'age, T*ese traffic2ers (a! c*arge t*e 0icti(s fees for foo'3 s*elter3 trans+ortation3

an' ot*er contingent fees in e/c*ange for t*eir ser0ice, So(e (a! *a0e to +a! it off 0ia

+rostitution or force' la)our, Hoe0er3 t*e 0icti(s (a! not reali7e t*at regar'less of

*o (uc* t*e! or23 t*e a(ount t*at t*e! oe' ill not 'ecrease as t*e traffic2ers (a!

*a0e c*arge' t*e( interest an' (a! also i(+ose' +enalties or fines for failing to reac*

t*e 'ail! or2ing Buotas, Hence3 t*e! ill ala!s )e )oun' )! t*e 'e)t 9Su*ana Saa'3

-1#:

In or'er to retain control an' to ensure t*e 0icti(s to succu() to t*eir ill3 t*e

traffic2ers (a! use force or +*!sical 0iolence, >*!sical 0iolence ill inclu'e ra+e3+*!sical a)use or )eatings3 a'(inistrating 'rug an' 'e+ri0ing t*e 0icti( fro( foo' an'

slee+, T*e traffic2ers ill use t*is (et*o' to con'ition t*e 0icti(s into )elie0ing t*at t*eir

li0es ill )e en'angere' if t*e! tr! to esca+e,

So(e traffic2ers (a! resort to coercion *ic* is a +oerful tool to 2ee+ t*e

0icti(s fro( 'iso)e!ing t*e(, Traffic2ers (a! t*reaten to use 0iolence on t*e 0icti(s or



(a! e0en t*reaten t*e( using t*e li0eli*oo' of t*eir fa(il!, T*is ill 2ee+ t*e 0icti(s in

line an' t*e! ill not esca+e, T*e! (a! also *ol' t*e 0icti(s@ tra0el 'ocu(ents in or'er

to +re0ent t*e 0icti(s fro( esca+ing,

T*e secon' stage ill )e trans+ortation an' transfer of t*e 0icti(s to t*e sai'

'estination, Alt*oug* t*e or' traffic2ing@ (a! *a0e i(+lie' t*at t*e 0icti(s are to )etrans+orte' across t*e )or'ers or countr!3 )ut in actual fact it (a! not )e t*at case as

t*e 0icti(s nee' not )e ta2en else*ere in or'er for it to a(ount to *u(an traffic2ing,

T*e last stage ill )e recei+t of suc* +erson in e/c*ange for (onetar! 0alue or ot*er

consi'erations,

Recent u+'ates

T*e Unite' States State De+art(ent in t*eir Traffic2ing In >ersons re+ort 9TI>:

ill ran2 t*e countries )ase' u+on t*e le0el of co(+liance it* t*e (ini(u( stan'ar'

reBuire' in Traffic2ing ?icti(s >rotection Act of --- 9T?>A:, Le0el ne refers to full

co(+liance it* t*e T?>A *ilst le0el to is if significant efforts *a0e )een (a'e toco(+l! it* t*e (ini(u( stan'ar', Lastl!3 stage t*ree is *ere t*e countr! *as not

(a2e an! effort to ensure co(+liance it* t*e (ini(u( stan'ar' reBuire',

In -1"3 t*e US State De+art(ent +lace' Mala!sia at le0el t*ree alongsi'e it*

Nort* Korea3 S!ria an' Ei()a)e for failure to i(+ro0e its flae' 0icti( +rotection

regi(e,

Hoe0er in -1$ Traffic2ing in >ersons re+ort3 t*e US State De+art(ent *as

u+gra'e' Mala!sia to Tier atc* List, T*is 'ecision *as su)=ecte' to se0eral

criticis(s an' out las*es )! so(e US la(a2ers an' *u(an rig*ts a'0ocates *oo+ine' t*at Mala!sia s*oul'n@t )e u+gra'e' to Tier an' s*oul' re(aine' in Le0el

t*ree for its slo +rogress in con0icting t*e traffic2ers an' allege' t*at t*e reason for

u+gra'ing is for tra'e reasons )ut suc* argu(ents *a0e )een atere' 'on )! o*n

Kir)!3 t*e State De+art(ent@s s+o2es(an 9U,S, De+art(ent of State3 -1$:,

Statistics on *u(an traffic2ing

Researc* 'one s*on t*at an a++ro/i(ate nu()er of -,& (illion +eo+le ere

e/+loite' orl'i'e 9Anon,3 -1:3 in0ol0ing in force' la)our3 i,e, se/ual e/+loitations3

force' la)our or ser0ices an' etc 9UILING3 n,',:, ut of t*e -,& (illion +eo+le3 &-

of t*e( 9a++ro/, 1%, (illion: ere e/+loite' in t*e +ri0ate econo(!, A 'etail )rea2'onof t*e -,& (illion la)ourers is s*on in t*e c*art )elo8



C*art 1, Detail )rea2'on of la)our e/+loitation orl'i'e 9Anon,3 -1:

As s*on a)o0e3 1- 9, (illion: of t*e la)ourers ere force' )! t*e state

9+u)lic econo(!:3 *ereas t*e re(aining &- ere e/+loite' )! t*e +ri0ate econo(! in

t*e for( of se/ 9+rostitution: an' la)our, Anot*er researc* of force' la)our 'one )! t*e

International La)our rganisation is t*at )! gen'er an' age,

C*art , rea2'on of la)our e/+loitation )! gen'er orl'i'e 9Anon,3 -1:



C*art ", rea2'on of la)our e/+loitation )! age grou+ orl'i'e 9Anon,3 -1:

Generall!3 o(en an' girls re+resent a larger +ortion t*an (en an' )o!s, $$

911,# (illion: of t*e 0icti(s ere fe(ales co(+are' to (ales of #$ 9&,$ (illion:, n

t*e ot*er *an'3 c*il'ren 9un'er t*e age of 1%: ere less in0ol0e' in *u(an traffic2ing

co(+are' to a'ults 9age' 1% an' a)o0e: in t*e researc* 'one3 *ic* is ; 9$,$

(illion: against # 91$,# (illion: 9Anon,3 -1:,

C*art #, rea2'on of force' la)our )! region 9Anon,3 -1:



ase' on C*art #3 Asia6>acific region contri)ute' (ost to t*e total nu()er of

force' la)our3 *ic* is $; 911, (illion:3 folloe' )! Africa of 1% 9", (illion:, T*e

ne/t " regions *a' nu()ers Buite close to one anot*er3 *ic* is Latin A(erica an' t*e

Carri)ean of & 91,% (illion:3 Central an' Sout*eastern6.uro+e an' t*e

Co((onealt* of In'e+en'ent States of 91,; (illion:3 an' De0elo+e' .cono(ies

an' .uro+ean Union of 91,$ (illion:, Lastl!3 Mi''le .ast contri)ute' t*e least to t*etotal nu()er of force' la)our )! " 9-,; (illion 0icti(s: 9Anon,3 -1:,

T*e (ain reason t*at t*e Asia6>acific region *a' t*e (ost 0icti(s as 'ue to t*e

fact t*e region consiste' of countries it* *uge +o+ulations for e/a(+le C*ina an'

In'ia,

Mala!sia3 )eing in t*e Tier atc* List categor! in t*e -1$ Traffic2ing in

>ersons 9TI>: Re+ort3 also *a' a serious issue it* *u(an traffic2ing, A su)stantial

+ortion of t*e 0icti(s are a(ongst t*e a++ro/i(ate' to (illion 'ocu(ente' an' (ore

t*an to (illion un'ocu(ente' foreign la)ourers currentl! or2ing in Mala!sia 9Anon,3-1$:,

As of 1&&3 t*ese Jalien or2ersJ totale' u+ to 1, (illion3 a(ounting to an

esti(ation of ; of t*e +o+ulation an' aroun' %,$ of Mala!sias la)our force 'uring

t*at ti(e, ut of 1,(illion3 $--3--- to --3--- are illegal la)ourers 9Kassi(3 1&&:,

Statistics *a' s*on t*at t*ere ere an a++ro/i(ate' +resence of ;1#3%#% non6

Mala!sians traffic2e' into t*e )oun'aries of .ast an' est Mala!sia3 notit*stan'ing

t*at t*ere ere (ore t*an $--3--- illegal la)ourers traffic2e' into Mala!sia in ---

9A*(a' S*a* >a2eer Mo*a(e'3 -11:,

Hoe0er3 it is not t*e (ain 'isa'0antage of *a0ing illegal la)ourers in Mala!sia

9Ha(7a* A)'ul6Ra*(ana3 -1:, T*e +ri(ar! 'ra)ac2 is t*at Mala!sians oul' )e

o0erl! 'e+en'ent on t*e alien or2ers es+eciall! in t*e critical sectors state' )! t*e

De+ut! Hu(an Resource Minister of Mala!sia 9Anon,3 -1$: cause' )! t*eir illingness

to )e e(+lo!e' it* loer ages rat*er t*an *ig*er salar! or ages t*at a local or2er

oul' 'e(an', Alt*oug* t*is too oul' +ro(+t *ig*er une(+lo!(ent rate of

Mala!sians3 )ut so(e co(+anies (ig*t still use foreign or2ers in or'er to re'uce

la)our cost to t*e co(+an! so as to )e (ore co(+etiti0e in t*eir )usiness,

I(+acting t*e (ar2et for *u(an traffic2ingT*e entr! of illegal i((igrant 0ia t*e *u(an traffic2ing acti0it! causes less

'e(an' for local or2 la)our in t*e (ar2et 9A*(a' S*a* >a2eer Mo*a(e'3 -113 +,

1#:, Since t*e! are t*e illegal i((igrants3 it is o)0ious t*at t*e e(+lo!ers ill not *a0e

to +ro0i'e t*e( t*e statutor! e(+lo!ee@s elfare )enefits an' t*e! are illing to or2

it* a loer age rate as co(+are' to t*e local or2ers, T*is can t*en (ini(i7e t*e

cost of t*e e(+lo!er, T*erefore3 )! re'ucing t*e 'e(an' for traffic2e' *u(ans (eans



'ecreasing )enefits to e(+lo!ers of e(+lo!ing traffic2e' la)our, If infor(ation is use' to

e'ucate consu(ers a)out t*e *orrors traffic2e' in'i0i'uals face3 consu(er )o!cotts of

certain +ro'ucts an' ser0ices can )e use' to 'ecrease )enefits to e(+lo!ers 9.li7a)et*

M, *eaton3 -1-:, T*is )ecause if t*is continues to *a++en3 it ill affect t*e +olitical

an' econo(ic as+ect as t*e une(+lo!(ent rate in Mala!sia ill increase significantl!,

As a result of t*e increase in t*e une(+lo!(ent rate3 Mala!sia@s inco(e +er ca+ita illnot (eet t*e *ig* inco(e t*res*ol' *ic* ill t*en causes Mala!sia to re(ain as an

u++er (i''le inco(e nation3 instea' of )eco(ing a *ig* inco(e nation )! !ear --3

un'er t*e .cono(ic Transfor(ation >rogra(,

S(uggling acti0it! is a t*reat to t*e Mala!sian econo(! )ecause t*e go0ern(ent

lost (illions of ringgit fro( t*e total collection of ta/ *ic* can )e of goo' use for t*e

'e0elo+(ent of t*e countr! 9A*(a' S*a* >a2eer Mo*a(e'3 -113 +, 1$:, Hu(an

traffic2ing is an illegal acti0it! o+erate' )! so(e illegal an' unregistere' organi7ations

*ic* ill not +a! inco(e ta/es to t*e go0ern(ent irres+ecti0e of *o (uc* t*e!

actuall! an' t*ere)!3 it*out t*e sufficient fun'3 t*e go0ern(ent ill not )e a)le to+ro0i'e a )etter +u)lic facilities an' in (aintaining t*e +o+ular touris( areas, In

a''ition3 t*e econo(! of Mala!sia ill not e/+an' as go0ern(ent *as insufficient cas*

to )e s+ent in or'er to )oost t*e econo(!, If *u(an traffic2ing acti0ities is continuing3

foreign in0estors (a! it*'ra t*eir in0est(ents for )etter in0est(ent o++ortunities as

t*e Mala!sia@s econo(! is not e/+an'ing,

Conclusion an' reco((en'ation

T*e Mala!sia Go0ern(ent can re0ise t*e current *u(an traffic2ing act, A(ong

t*e( are Section 13 Section 1"3 Section 1#3 Section 1$ an' Section 1$A 9Su*ana

Saa'3 -1#:3 )! i(+le(enting a stricter +unis*(ent on +erson *o is foun' guilt! incon'ucting *u(an traffic2ing acti0ities, For e/a(+le3 t*e a(ount of fine +a!a)le can )e

increase' *ile t*e +erio' of i(+rison(ent can )e lengt*en, T*is oul' 'efinitel! *el+

to create a greater fear a(ong t*e +eo+le, In'irectl!3 t*e rate of *u(an traffic2ing

acti0ities in Mala!sia ill re'uce as +eo+le ill )e (ore reluctant in con'ucting suc*

cri(es as t*e +unis*(ents i(+ose' are *ea0!,

Ne/t3 currentl! t*ere are fi0e non6go0ern(ental organi7ations 9NG: na(el! t*e

National Council of o(ens rgani7ations 9NC:3 Council of C*il' elfare3 Institute

of Mala!sian an' International Stu'ies 9IKMAS:3 Hu(an Rig*ts Co((ission

9SUHAKAM: an' t*e Coalition to A)olis* Mo'ern6Da! Sla0er! in Asia 9CAMSA: )einga++ointe' to t*e Council for Anti6Traffic2ing in >ersons an' Anti6S(uggling of Migrants

9MA>: to era'icate t*e *u(an traffic2ing in Mala!sia, T*ese organi7ations *a0e

contri)ute' t*eir i'eas an' e/+ertise as ell as +artici+ate in organi7ing +u)lic

aareness ca(+aigns 9Su*ana Saa'3 -1#:, In or'er to en*ance t*e effecti0eness of

t*e ca(+aigns3 t*e go0ern(ent can set u+ a fun' for t*e MA> to *el+ t*e( in

organi7ing )etter ca(+aigns, T*e aareness ca(+aigns can )e *el' 'uring t*e

ee2en's an' +u)lic *oli'a!s in +laces t*at are freBuentl! 0isit )! t*e +u)lic to increase



t*e +artici+ation )! t*e +eo+le, T*e +u)lic +la!s an i(+ortant role in era'icating *u(an

traffic2ing )ecause it*out t*e in0ol0e(ent of t*e( in suc* illegal acti0ities3 it ill not )e

+ossi)le for t*e *u(an traffic2ing s!n'icates to +ro(ote t*eir acti0ities,

In a''ition3 e'ucation +la!s an i(+ortant role in 'eter(ining one@s future, T*e

.'ucation Ministr! of Mala!sia can inclu'e *u(an traffic2ing as +art of t*e Moralsu)=ect s!lla)us in or'er to allo t*e !ounger generation to )e e/+ose' to t*e critical

issues face' )! t*e countr!, T*e sc*ools are also encourage' to organi7e a tri+ to t*e

aareness ca(+aign *el' )! t*e NGs so t*e stu'ents can learn (ore a)out t*e

*u(an traffic2ing a+art fro( *at is )eing taug*t in classes, As t*e! learn a)out *u(an

traffic2ing an' t*e negati0e i(+acts in t*eir !oung age3 it ill e0entuall! +re0ent t*e(

fro( su++orting an' in0ol0ing t*e(sel0es in suc* acti0ities in t*e future,

Noa'a!s3 tec*nolog! is +art of e0er!'a! life an' t*e Internet is a 0er! strong

+latfor( of s*aring infor(ation, Con0e!ing a (essage t*roug* Internet ill )e one of

t*e fastest a! to s+rea' it glo)all! as Internet is a orl' it*out )oun'aries, T*eMala!sia Go0ern(ent can create accounts in t*e Face)oo23 Titter an' Youtu)e to

gat*er +eo+le all o0er t*e orl' to co()at t*e *u(an traffic2ing as t*is is not onl! an

issue in Mala!sia3 )ut glo)all!, Aut*ori7e' +ersonnel is to u+loa' rele0ant nes3 0i'eos

an' re+orts relate' to *u(an traffic2ing *ic* t*en allo t*e +eo+le to 'iscuss a)out it

in t*e +age create' an' can s*are it it* t*eir frien's *o 'oes not *a0e an access to

it3 *ic* in t*e en' create' t*e +u)lic aareness of *u(an traffic2ing,

In conclusion3 t*e *u(an traffic2ing issues is not =ust so(e sort of *u(anities

issue )ut is a 0ile an' *einous cri(e3 it is t*e scourge of t*e (an2in'3 an' a gross

a)use of *u(an rig*ts 9)a'"(aggie3 -11:, T*e 0olu(e of traffic2ing acti0ities ta2ing+lace in t*e countr! is so i'es+rea' an' e s*oul' ne0er ignore t*e(, T*erefore3 t*is

issue ill onl! )e (ini(i7e' if t*e +u)lic *a0e t*e 2nole'ge a)out t*e seriousness of it

)eco(ing so t*at t*e! can )e (ore aare as ell as t*e e(+*asis an' 'irect

assistance *et*er in ter(s of (oral an' financial fro( eit*er t*e go0ern(ent or non6

go0ern(ent organi7ations can )e o)taine',

9%&- or's:



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Documents

Human Trafficking in Malaysia