Human Trafficking in Malaysia Amended

7/25/2019 Human Trafficking in Malaysia Amended

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/human-trafficking-in-malaysia-amended 1/17

HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN MALAYSIA



Table of Contents

1.0 Exect!"e S##a$% &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'

(.0 Int$o)ct!on &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..*

'.0 L!te$at$e Re"!e+

'.0.1 ,-at !s -#an t$aff!c!n/ ...................................................................

'.0.( Cases of -#an t$aff!c!n/ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2

'.0.' 34e$at!ons of -#an t$aff!c!n/ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..567

'.0.* Co#4a$!sons s!n/ stat!st!cs &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...861(

'.0. I#4act!n/ t-e #a$et fo$ -#an t$aff!c!n/ &&&&&&&&&&&...1'

*.0 Concls!on an) $eco##en)at!on &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.1*61

.0 Refe$ence l!st &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&...12615

1.0 Exect!"e S##a$%



T-!s $e4o$t b$!efs t-e $ea)e$s on -#an t$aff!c!n/ 4-eno#enon c$$entl%

-a44en!n/ +o$l)+!)e. In t-e f!$st 4a$t of t-e $e4o$t9 !t conta!ns t-e )ef!n!t!on b% Un!te)

Nat!on9 t%4es9 cases an) #et-o)olo/!es of -#an t$aff!c!n/ se) b% t-e t$aff!ce$s.

:es!)es t-at9 a fe+ stat!st!cs on -#an t$aff!c!n/ !s also fon) !n t-e $e4o$t be !tb% /en)e$9 a/e o$ $e/!on. I#4act on t-e econo#% a$!s!n/ f$o# -#an t$aff!c!n/

act!"!t!es a$e also !ncl)e) as 4a$t of t-e $e4o$t.

In o"e$all9 !t can be concl)e) t-at Mala%s!an Go"e$n#ent s-ol) $e!nfo$ce an)

t!/-ten Mala%s!an la+s $elat!n/ to -#an t$aff!c!n/. ,!t- t-e !nte$nat!onal NG3s

4la%!n/ t-e!$ $ole !n -el4!n/ Mala%s!a e$a)!cate t-!s 4-eno#enon9 Mala%s!a s-ol) be

able to $e)ce t-e f$e;enc% of -#an t$aff!c!n/. E)cat!on an) ca#4a!/ns a$e also

+a%s fo$ #!t!/at!n/ t-!s 4-eno#enon.

(.0 Int$o)ct!on



Mala%s!a !s sa!) to be a 4o4la$ )est!nat!on a#on/st #!/$ant +o$e$s fo$

econo#!c $easons !.e9 to see e#4lo%#ent o44o$tn!t!es o$ as a t$ans!t cont$%. T-at !s

+-% t-ese "lne$able an) 4o+e$less /$o4 of #!no$!t!es !s often ta$/ete) to beco#!n/

"!ct!#s of sexal an) labo$ t$aff!c!n/. T-e te$# <-#an t$aff!c!n/= !s t-e$eb% se) to

)esc$!be a t%4e of -#an sla"e$% +-e$eb% "!ct!#s a$e fo$ce) !nto labo$ o$ sex !n)st$!esbot- +!t-!n t-e cont$% an) !nte$nat!onal bo$)e$s.

T-e 4$4ose of t-!s $e4o$t !s to )!scss t-e cont$!bto$s of -#an t$aff!c!n/

act!"!t!es bot- locall% an) !nte$nat!onall%9 t-e b$!ef o4e$at!ons of t-e act!"!t!es9 co#4a$!n/

t-e stat!st!cs !n Mala%s!a an) ot-e$ cont$!es9 !#4act!n/ t-e #a$et of -#an t$aff!c!n/

on econo#% as +ell as so#e $eco##en)at!ons to #!n!#!>e t-e -a44en!n/s !n

Mala%s!a.

'.0 L!te$at$e Re"!e+



'.0.1 ,-at !s -#an t$aff!c!n/

H#an t$aff!c!n/ can be sa!) as an o$/an!>e) c$!#!nal act!"!t% no$#all% b% a

/$o4 of !lle/al co$4o$at!ons !n +-!c- -#an be!n/ nconsc!osl% fall !nto t-e!$ t$a4 a$e

t$eate) as 4ossess!ons to be cont$olle) an) ex4lo!te) ?GRAMEGNA9 (00' @.

H#an t$aff!c!n/ can be cate/o$!>e) !nto fo$ce) labo$9 sexal ex4lo!tat!on9

o$/an $e#o"al9 fo$ce) #a$$!a/e an) !ll!c!t a)o4t!on +-!c- !n"ol"es t-e !lle/al sell!n/ an)

b%!n/ of c-!l)$en o$ bab% bet+een 4a$ents an) b%e$s.

T-e nat$e of -#an t$aff!c!n/ "a$!es f$o# $e/!on to $e/!on ?SC9 (01*@. H#an

t$aff!c!n/ !ncl)es bot- sex t$aff!c!n/ an) labo$ t$aff!c!n/ +-!c- a$e bot- co##onl%

no+n9 an) t-e c$!#e can affect #en an) +o#en as +ell as c-!l)$en. In Mala%s!a9

Mala%s!ans f$o# $$al an) !n)!/enos co##n!t!es ten) to be #o$e "lne$able to

t$aff!c!n/ ?Anon.9 (0016(002@.

'.0.( Cases of -#an t$aff!c!n/

http://www.traffickingresourcecenter.org/type-trafficking/sex-trafficking

http://www.traffickingresourcecenter.org/type-trafficking/labor-trafficking

http://www.traffickingresourcecenter.org/type-trafficking/labor-trafficking

http://www.traffickingresourcecenter.org/type-trafficking/sex-trafficking



So9 +-% )oes -#an t$aff!c!n/ occ$ T-e$e a$e "a$!os facto$s t-at cont$!bte)

to -#an t$aff!c!n/ !n Mala%s!a. Mala%s!a -as +!)e $an/e of lo+e$ class ob o44o$tn!t%

an) t-e econo#!c stab!l!t% of t-e cont$% !tself att$acts t-e ent$% fo$e!/n +o$e$s f$o# t-e

n)e$)e"elo4e) cont$!es. ,e -a"e to a)#!t t-at !n Mala%s!a t-e$e a$e lots of fe#ale

-ose#a!) o$!/!nate) f$o# cont$!es +-!c- a$e #c- lo+e$ $an!n/ co#4a$e) toMala%s!a sc- as f$o# In)ones!a9 Ca#bo)!a9 B-!l!44!nes an) #an% #o$e +-o a$e

fo$ce) !nto 4$ost!tt!on. T-ese #!no$!t!es a$e ssce4t!ble to -#an t$aff!c!n/ becase

4on t-e!$ a$$!"al to Mala%s!a t-e% +e$e /!"en false 4$o#!ses +!t- /oo) 4a%!n/ obs bt

!s not t-e case !n $eal!t% ?Mo-) Nae!# A!s9 (010@.

Bo"e$t% !s one of t-e #ao$ facto$ +-!c- -as !nc$ease) +o#en an) c-!l)$en

"lne$ab!l!t% to -#an t$aff!ce$s. T-e 4oo$ sall% sffe$ !n co#4lex f!nanc!al

const$a!nts9 an) t-!s #aes t-e# +!ll!n/ to 4lace t-e#sel"es !n an% !n) of ob e"en

#!/$ate o"e$seas to see fo$ +o$ +!t-ot !n"est!/at!n/ !n #o$e )eta!l +-at +!ll t-e!$ ob

be. T-!s !s becase t-e!$ lt!#ate 4$4ose of f!n)!n/ ob !s to ea$n as #c- #one% as4oss!ble !n a s-o$t 4e$!o) of t!#e !n o$)e$ to s$"!"e.

In a))!t!on to 4o"e$t%9 lac of access to e)cat!on an) no+le)/e on -#an

t$aff!c!n/ !sse !s also anot-e$ facto$. Alt-o/- !n Mala%s!a9 #an% /o"e$n#ent an) non6

/o"e$n#ental bo)!es often st$esse) on t-e !sse of -#an t$aff!c!n/ b% /!"!n/

ca#4a!/ns9 bt +e ten) to be !/no$ant on t-e se$!osness on t-!s !sse. ,!t-ot t-e

a+a$eness on t-e !sse9 +e )o not no+ -o+ to 4$otect o$sel"es an) e"entall% fall !n

t-e t$a4 of -#an t$aff!ce$s.

'.0.' 34e$at!on of -#an t$aff!c!n/



In o$)e$ to co#bat -#an t$aff!c!n/9 t-e essent!al ;est!on t-at -as to be ase)

+!ll be -o+ "!ct!#s a$e t$aff!ce). T-e 4$ocess of -#an t$aff!c!n/ can be b$oen )o+n

!nto t-$ee 4-ases na#el% $ec$!t#ent9 t$ans4o$tat!on an) t$ansfe$9 an) $ece!4t of 4e$son.

T-e f!$st sta/e +!ll be $ec$!t#ent of 4eo4le. At t-!s sta/e9 t-e t$aff!ce$s +!ll not

onl% $ec$!t t-e "!ct!#s bt t-e% +!ll also /a!n cont$ol o"e$ t-e "!ct!#s. T-e t$aff!ce$s +!ll

e#4lo% t-$ee #eans na#el% f$a)9 fo$ce an) coe$c!on. T-ese #eans +o$ to/et-e$ an)

-a"e been !n/$a!ne) to fo$# 4a$t of t-e le/al )ef!n!t!on as to +-at a#onte) to -#an

t$aff!c!n/.

F$a) !s +-e$e t-e t$aff!ce$s often l$e 4eo4le !nto bel!e"!n/ t-at t-e$e a$e

e#4lo%#ents +!t- -!/-e$ +a/es an) bette$ +o$!n/ con)!t!ons else+-e$e. Beo4le +-o

a$e fac!n/ f!nanc!al )!ff!clt!es o$ see!n/ fo$ e#4lo%#ent +!ll eas!l% tae sc- ba!t.

Unbeno+nst to t-e#9 4on $eac-!n/ t-e )est!nat!on9 t-e +o$!n/ con)!t!on #a% not be

as +ell as 4$o#!se) o$ t-e sco4e of e#4lo%#ent !s totall% )!ffe$ent f$o# +-at -as been4$o#!se). An exa#4le +!ll be +-e$e t-e t$aff!ce$s 4$o#!se) t-e !n)!"!)al t-at t-e$e +!ll

be a +ell64a!) ob !n a facto$% +-e$e !n actal fact t-e !n)!"!)al +!ll f!n) -!#self be!n/

#an!4late) !nto beco#!n/ a fo$ce) labo$ ?E)#ons 9 (011@.

In a))!t!on to t-at9 t-e t$aff!ce$s #a% also a44$oac- fa#!l!es t-at a$e not +ell6off

an) offe$ to sen) t-e!$ c-!l)$en to anot-e$ lo"!n/ fa#!l% +-o +!ll ens$e t-e c-!l)$en +!ll

-a"e a bette$ l!"!n/ en"!$on#ent an) bette$ e)cat!on.

T$aff!ce$s #a% also )ef$a) t-e !n)!"!)als t-$o/- a 4$act!ce no+n as )ebt

bon)a/e. T-ese t$aff!ce$s #a% c-a$/e t-e "!ct!#s fees fo$ foo)9 s-elte$9 t$ans4o$tat!on9an) ot-e$ cont!n/ent fees !n exc-an/e fo$ t-e!$ se$"!ce. So#e #a% -a"e to 4a% !t off "!a

4$ost!tt!on o$ fo$ce) labo$. Ho+e"e$9 t-e "!ct!#s #a% not $eal!>e t-at $e/a$)less of

-o+ #c- t-e% +o$9 t-e a#ont t-at t-e% o+e) +!ll not )ec$ease as t-e t$aff!ce$s #a%

-a"e c-a$/e) t-e# !nte$est an) #a% also !#4ose) 4enalt!es o$ f!nes fo$ fa!l!n/ to $eac-

t-e )a!l% +o$!n/ ;otas. Hence9 t-e% +!ll al+a%s be bon) b% t-e )ebt ?S-ana Saa)9

(01*@

In o$)e$ to $eta!n cont$ol an) to ens$e t-e "!ct!#s to scc#b to t-e!$ +!ll9 t-e

t$aff!ce$s #a% se fo$ce o$ 4-%s!cal "!olence. B-%s!cal "!olence +!ll !ncl)e $a4e9

4-%s!cal abse o$ beat!n/s9 a)#!n!st$at!n/ )$/ an) )e4$!"!n/ t-e "!ct!# f$o# foo) an)slee4. T-e t$aff!ce$s +!ll se t-!s #et-o) to con)!t!on t-e "!ct!#s !nto bel!e"!n/ t-at t-e!$

l!"es +!ll be en)an/e$e) !f t-e% t$% to esca4e.

So#e t$aff!ce$s #a% $eso$t to coe$c!on +-!c- !s a 4o+e$fl tool to ee4 t-e

"!ct!#s f$o# )!sobe%!n/ t-e#. T$aff!ce$s #a% t-$eaten to se "!olence on t-e "!ct!#s o$

#a% e"en t-$eaten t-e# s!n/ t-e l!"el!-oo) of t-e!$ fa#!l%. T-!s +!ll ee4 t-e "!ct!#s !n



l!ne an) t-e% +!ll not esca4e. T-e% #a% also -ol) t-e "!ct!#s t$a"el )oc#ents !n o$)e$

to 4$e"ent t-e "!ct!#s f$o# esca4!n/.

T-e secon) sta/e +!ll be t$ans4o$tat!on an) t$ansfe$ of t-e "!ct!#s to t-e sa!)

)est!nat!on. Alt-o/- t-e +o$) Dt$aff!c!n/ #a% -a"e !#4l!e) t-at t-e "!ct!#s a$e to be

t$ans4o$te) ac$oss t-e bo$)e$s o$ cont$%9 bt !n actal fact !t #a% not be t-at case ast-e "!ct!#s nee) not be taen else+-e$e !n o$)e$ fo$ !t to a#ont to -#an t$aff!c!n/.

T-e last sta/e +!ll be $ece!4t of sc- 4e$son !n exc-an/e fo$ #oneta$% "ale o$ ot-e$

cons!)e$at!ons.

'.0.* Co#4a$!sons s!n/ stat!st!cs



E"e$% %ea$9 T-e Un!te) States State e4a$t#ent +!ll !sse T-e T$aff!c!n/ In

Be$sons $e4o$t ?TIB@ an) cont$!es !n all $e/!on !ncl)!n/ Mala%s!a -a) been $ane)

base) 4on t-e le"el of co#4l!ance +!t- t-e #!n!## stan)a$) $e;!$e) !n T$aff!c!n/

!ct!#s B$otect!on Act of (000 ?TBA@.

T-e stan)a$) co#4$!ses of ' t!e$s. T!e$ 1 $efe$s to fll co#4l!ance +!t- t-e TBA.

T!e$ ( an) t!e$ ( +atc- l!st $efe$s to s!/n!f!cant effo$ts -a"e been #a)e to co#4l% +!t-

t-e #!n!## stan)a$). Lastl%9 le"el t-$ee !s +-e$e t-e$e a$e no sc- effo$t be!n/ #a)e

to ens$e co#4l!ance +!t- t-e #!n!## stan)a$) $e;!$e).

:ase) on table 1 an) (9 +-!c- !s t-e anal%s!s f$o# (001 to (019 Mala%s!a -as

been blacl!ste) to T!e$ ' * t!#es +-!c- !s !n (0019 (0059 (008 an) (01*.

:ase) on $e4o$ts !n (01*9 Mala%s!a -as been 4lace) at T!e$ ' alon/s!)e +!t-

ot-e$ cont$!es +-!c- !s no+n to -a"e +ea -#an!t% $!/-ts 4$otect!on sc- as Sa)!

A$ab!a9 !#bab+e9 I$an an) ot-e$ 18 cont$!es b% t-e US State e4a$t#ent fo$ fa!l$e to!#4$o"e !ts fla+e) "!ct!# 4$otect!on $e/!#e.

T-e $e4o$t also states t-at t-e$e !s an est!#ate of 709000 F!l!4!no Msl!#s +!t-ot

le/al stats9 !ncl)!n/ 109000 c-!l)$en9 $es!)e !n Saba-. A#on/ t-ese /$o4 of 4eo4le9

so#e a$e "lne$able to t$aff!c!n/. T-e$e a$e also !ns!/n!f!cant n#be$ of Mala%s!an

Table 1 Mala%s!a t!e$ $an!n/ !n (0016(008

Table ( Mala%s!a t!e$ $an!n/ !n (0076(01



c!t!>ens sbecte) to t$aff!c!n/ !nte$nall% an) -a"e been t$ans4o$t to sex t$aff!c!n/ !n

F$ance9 Sot- Af$!ca9 Ast$al!a an) t-e Un!te) K!n/)o#.

In a))!t!on9 t-e /o"e$n#ent $e4o$te) 172 !n"est!/at!ons of 4otent!al t$aff!c!n/

cases !n (01*9 co#4a$e) +!t- 78 !n (01'9 +-!c- !s a -/e !nc$ease of 108. It !n!t!ate)

4$osect!ons a/a!nst * alle/e) t$aff!c!n/ offen)e$s ?!ncl)!n/ (2 fo$ fo$ce) labo$9 1(fo$ sexal ex4lo!tat!on9 an) an nno+n c-a$/e fo$ 12 cases@9 an !nc$ease of 8 f$o#

'* !n (01'.

F$t-e$#o$e9 !n (01* t-e /o"e$n#ent -as !)ent!f!e) 1927* 4otent!al "!ct!#s9 of

+-!c- !t conf!$#e) '0' as t$aff!c!n/ "!ct!#s9 an !nc$ease of 1( co#4a$e) +!t- (50 !n

(01'. T-e #ao$!t% of t-e "!ct!#s +e$e In)ones!an nat!onals9 follo+e) b% !etna#ese

an) F!l!4!no c!t!>ens. T-e n#be$ of "!ct!#s sbecte) to sex o$ labo$ t$aff!c!n/ +as

nclea$. NG3s an) /o"e$n#ent off!c!als $e4o$te) t-at labo$ t$aff!c!n/ +as fa$ #o$e

co##on t-an sex t$aff!c!n/ !n Mala%s!a.

In $ecent 4)ates9 +-!c- !s t-e (01 TIB $e4o$t !sse) !n Jl% t-!s %ea$9 t-e US

State e4a$t#ent -as 4/$a)e) Mala%s!a to T!e$ ( ,atc- L!st. T-!s )ec!s!on -as

sbecte) to se"e$al c$!t!c!s#s an) ot las-es b% so#e US la+#ae$s an) -#an $!/-ts

a)"ocates +-o o4!ne) t-at Mala%s!a s-ol)nt be 4/$a)e) to T!e$ ( an) s-ol)

$e#a!ne) !n Le"el t-$ee fo$ !ts slo+ 4$o/$ess !n con"!ct!n/ t-e t$aff!ce$s an) alle/e)

t-at t-e $eason fo$ 4/$a)!n/ !s fo$ t$a)e $easons bt sc- a$/#ents -a"e been

+ate$e) )o+n b% Jo-n K!$b%9 t-e State e4a$t#ents s4oes#an ?U.S. e4a$t#ent of

State9 (01@.

Loo!n/ at t-e +o$l)+!)e 4e$s4ect!"e9 base) on stat!st!cs9 $esea$c- )one s-o+nt-at an a44$ox!#ate n#be$ of (0.8 #!ll!on 4eo4le +e$e ex4lo!te). ?Anon.9 (01(@9

!n"ol"!n/ !n fo$ce) labo$9 !.e. sexal ex4lo!tat!ons9 fo$ce) labo$ o$ se$"!ces an) etc

?,UILING9 n.).@. 3t of t-e (0.8 #!ll!on 4eo4le9 80 of t-e# ?a44$ox. 17.5 #!ll!on@ +e$e

ex4lo!te) !n t-e 4$!"ate econo#%.

C-a$t 1 eta!l b$ea)o+n of labo$ ex4lo!tat!on +o$l)+!)e ?Anon.9 (01(



As s-o+n abo"e9 10 ?(.( #!ll!on@ of t-e labo$e$s +e$e fo$ce) b% t-e state

?4bl!c econo#%@9 +-e$eas t-e $e#a!n!n/ 80 +e$e ex4lo!te) b% t-e 4$!"ate econo#% !n

t-e fo$# of sex ?4$ost!tt!on@ an) labo$.

Anot-e$ $esea$c- of fo$ce) labo$ )one b% t-e Inte$nat!onal Labo$ 3$/an!sat!on

!s t-at b% /en)e$ an) a/e.

Gene$all%9 +o#en an) /!$ls $e4$esent a la$/e$ 4o$t!on t-an #en an) bo%s. In

total9 ?11.* #!ll!on@ of t-e "!ct!#s +e$e fe#ales co#4a$e) to #ales of * ?8.

#!ll!on@. 3n t-e ot-e$ -an)9 c-!l)$en ?n)e$ t-e a/e of 17@ +e$e less !n"ol"e) !n -#an

t$aff!c!n/ co#4a$e) to a)lts ?a/e) 17 an) abo"e@ !n t-e $esea$c- )one9 +-!c- !s !n

total (2 ?. #!ll!on@ a/a!nst 5* ?1.* #!ll!on@ ?Anon.9 (01(@.

C-a$t ( :$ea)o+n of labo$ ex4lo!tat!on b% /en)e$ +o$l)+!)e ?Anon.9 (01(@C-a$t ' :$ea)o+n of labo$ ex4lo!tat!on b% a/e /$o4 +o$l)+!)e ?Anon.9 (01(@

C-a$t * :$ea)o+n of fo$ce) labo$ b% $e/!on ?Anon.9 (01(@



:ase) on c-a$t *9 As!a6Bac!f!c $e/!on cont$!bte) #ost to t-e total n#be$ of

fo$ce) labo$9 +-!c- !s 2 ?11.5 #!ll!on@9 follo+e) b% Af$!ca of 17 ?'.5 #!ll!on@. T-e

next ' $e/!ons -a) n#be$s ;!te close to one anot-e$9 +-!c- !s Lat!n A#e$!ca an) t-e

Ca$$!bean of 8 ?1.7 #!ll!on@9 Cent$al an) Sot-easte$n6E$o4e an) t-e

Co##on+ealt- of In)e4en)ent States of 5 ?1.2 #!ll!on@9 an) e"elo4e) Econo#!es

an) E$o4ean Un!on of 5 ?1. #!ll!on@. Lastl%9 M!))le East cont$!bte) t-e least to t-e

total n#be$ of fo$ce) labo$ b% ' ?0.2 #!ll!on "!ct!#s@ ?Anon.9 (01(@.

T-e #a!n $eason t-at t-e As!a6Bac!f!c $e/!on -a) t-e #ost "!ct!#s +as )e to t-e

fact t-e $e/!on cons!ste) of cont$!es +!t- -/e 4o4lat!ons fo$ exa#4le C-!na an)In)!a.

Mala%s!a9 be!n/ !n t-e T!e$ ( ,atc- L!st cate/o$% !n t-e (01 TIB Re4o$t9 also

-a) a se$!os !sse +!t- -#an t$aff!c!n/. A sbstant!al 4o$t!on of t-e "!ct!#s a$e

a#on/st t-e a44$ox!#ate) t+o #!ll!on )oc#ente) an) #o$e t-an t+o #!ll!on

n)oc#ente) fo$e!/n labo$e$s c$$entl% +o$!n/ !n Mala%s!a ?Anon.9 (01@.

As of 18859 t-ese al!en +o$e$s totale) 4 to 1.( #!ll!on9 a#ont!n/ to an

est!#at!on of 2 of t-e 4o4lat!on an) a$on) 7. of Mala%s!as labo$ fo$ce )$!n/

t-at t!#e. 3t of 1.(#!ll!on9 009000 to 5009000 a$e !lle/al labo$e$s ?Kass!#9 [email protected]!st!cs -a) s-o+n t-at t-e$e +e$e an a44$ox!#ate) 4$esence of 21*97*7 non6

Mala%s!ans t$aff!ce) !nto t-e bon)a$!es of East an) ,est Mala%s!a9 not+!t-stan)!n/

t-at t-e$e +e$e #o$e t-an 009000 !lle/al labo$e$s t$aff!ce) !nto Mala%s!a !n (000

?A-#a) S-a- Baee$ Mo-a#e)9 (011@.



'.0. I#4act!n/ t-e #a$et fo$ -#an t$aff!c!n/

T-e ent$% of !lle/al labo$e$s "!a t-e -#an t$aff!c!n/ act!"!t% !s not t-e #a!n

)!sa)"anta/e ?Ha#>a- Ab)l6Ra-#ana9 (01(@. Ho+e"e$9 t-e 4$!#a$% )$a+bac !s t-at

Mala%s!ans e#4lo%e$s +ol) be o"e$l% )e4en)ent on t-e al!en +o$e$s an) cases



less )e#an) fo$ local +o$ labo$ !n t-e #a$et ?A-#a) S-a- Baee$ Mo-a#e)9 (0119

4. 15*@. S!nce t-e% a$e t-e !lle/al !##!/$ants9 !t !s ob"!os t-at t-e e#4lo%e$s +!ll not

-a"e to 4$o"!)e t-e# t-e statto$% e#4lo%ees +elfa$e benef!ts an) t-e% a$e +!ll!n/ to

+o$ +!t- a lo+e$ +a/e $ate as co#4a$e) to t-e local +o$e$s. T-!s can t-en $e)ce

labo$ cost to t-e co#4an%.

T-e$efo$e9 b% $e)c!n/ t-e )e#an) fo$ t$aff!ce) -#ans #eans )ec$eas!n/

benef!ts to e#4lo%e$s of e#4lo%!n/ t$aff!ce) labo$ ?El!>abet- M. ,-eaton9 (010@. T-!s

!s becase !f t-!s cont!nes to -a44en9 !t +!ll affect t-e 4ol!t!cal an) econo#!c as4ect as

t-e ne#4lo%#ent $ate !n Mala%s!a +!ll !nc$ease s!/n!f!cantl%. As a $eslt9 Mala%s!as

!nco#e 4e$ ca4!ta +!ll not #eet t-e -!/- !nco#e t-$es-ol) +-!c- +!ll t-en cases

Mala%s!a to $e#a!n as an 44e$ #!))le !nco#e nat!on9 !nstea) of beco#!n/ a -!/-

!nco#e nat!on b% %ea$ (0(09 n)e$ t-e Econo#!c T$ansfo$#at!on B$o/$a#.

S#//l!n/ act!"!t% !s seen to be a t-$eat to t-e Mala%s!an econo#% becase t-e

/o"e$n#ent #a% -as -/e $e)ct!on of t-e total collect!on of tax +-!c- can be of /oo)se fo$ t-e )e"elo4#ent of t-e cont$% ?A-#a) S-a- Baee$ Mo-a#e)9 (0119 4. 15@.

H#an t$aff!c!n/ !s an !lle/al act!"!t% o4e$ate) b% so#e !lle/al an) n$e/!ste$e)

o$/an!>at!ons +-!c- +!ll not 4a% !nco#e taxes to t-e /o"e$n#ent an) t-e$eb%9 +!t-ot

t-e sff!c!ent fn)9 t-e /o"e$n#ent +!ll not be able to 4$o"!)e a bette$ 4bl!c fac!l!t!es

an) !n #a!nta!n!n/ t-e 4o4la$ to$!s# a$eas. In a))!t!on9 t-e econo#% of Mala%s!a +!ll

not ex4an) as /o"e$n#ent -as !nsff!c!ent fn) to s4ent !n o$)e$ to boost t-e econo#%.

If -#an t$aff!c!n/ act!"!t!es cont!nes9 fo$e!/n !n"esto$s #a% +!t-)$a+ t-e!$

!n"est#ents fo$ bette$ !n"est#ent o44o$tn!t!es.

*.0 Concls!on an) $eco##en)at!on

T-e Mala%s!an Go"e$n#ent can $e"!se t-e c$$ent -#an t$aff!c!n/ act b%

!#4le#ent!n/ a st$!cte$ 4n!s-#ent on 4e$son +-o !s fon) /!lt% !n con)ct!n/ -#an

t$aff!c!n/ act!"!t!es. Fo$ exa#4le9 t-e a#ont of f!ne 4a%able can be !nc$ease) +-!le t-e

4e$!o) of !#4$!son#ent can be len/t-en. T-!s +ol) )ef!n!tel% -el4 to c$eate a /$eate$

fea$ a#on/ t-e 4eo4le.



Next9 c$$entl% t-e$e a$e f!"e non6/o"e$n#ental o$/an!>at!ons ?NG3@ na#el% t-e

NC,39 Conc!l of C-!l) ,elfa$e9 IKMAS9 SUHAKAM an) CAMSA be!n/ a44o!nte) to

t-e Conc!l fo$ Ant!6T$aff!c!n/ !n Be$sons an) MAB3 to e$a)!cate t-e -#an t$aff!c!n/

!n Mala%s!a. In o$)e$ to en-ance t-e effect!"eness of t-e ca#4a!/ns9 t-e /o"e$n#ent

can set 4 a fn) fo$ t-e MAB3 to -el4 t-e# !n o$/an!>!n/ bette$ ca#4a!/ns. T-e

a+a$eness ca#4a!/ns can be -el) )$!n/ t-e +eeen)s an) 4bl!c -ol!)a%s !n 4lacest-at a$e f$e;entl% "!s!te) b% t-e 4bl!c.

In a))!t!on9 e)cat!on also 4la%s an !#4o$tant $ole. T-e E)cat!on M!n!st$% of

Mala%s!a can !ncl)e -#an t$aff!c!n/ as 4a$t of t-e Mo$al sbect s%llabs !n o$)e$ to

allo+ t-e %on/e$ /ene$at!on to be ex4ose) to t-e c$!t!cal !sses face) b% t-e cont$%.

As t-e% lea$n abot -#an t$aff!c!n/ an) t-e ne/at!"e !#4acts !n t-e!$ %on/ a/e9 t-e%

+!ll e"entall% 4$e"ent t-e#sel"es f$o# fall!n/ !nto t-e t$a4 of t$aff!ce$s o$ s44o$t!n/

t-ose act!"!t!es !n ft$e.

No+a)a%s9 soc!al net+o$ !s a "e$% st$on/ 4latfo$# fo$ s-a$!n/ !nfo$#at!on.Con"e%!n/ a #essa/e t-$o/- t-ese net+o$s +!ll be one of t-e fastest +a% to s4$ea) !t

/loball%. T-e Mala%s!a Go"e$n#ent can c$eate acconts !n t-e Faceboo9 T+!tte$ an)

Yotbe to /at-e$ 4eo4le all o"e$ t-e +o$l) to co#bat t-e -#an t$aff!c!n/. At-o$!>e)

4e$sonnel !s to 4loa) $ele"ant ne+s9 "!)eos an) $e4o$ts $elate) to -#an t$aff!c!n/.

In concls!on9 t-e -#an t$aff!c!n/ !sses !s not st so#e so$t of -#an!t!es

!sse bt !s a "!le an) -e!nos c$!#e9 !t !s t-e sco$/e of t-e #an!n)9 an) a /$oss

abse of -#an $!/-ts ?ba)'#a//!e9 (011@. T-e "ol#e of t$aff!c!n/ act!"!t!es ta!n/

4lace !n t-e cont$% !s so +!)es4$ea) an) +e s-ol) ne"e$ !/no$e t-e#. T-e$efo$e9 t-!s

!sse +!ll onl% be #!n!#!>e) !f t-e 4bl!c -a"e t-e no+le)/e abot t-e se$!osness of !tso t-at t-e% can be #o$e a+a$e an) t-e e#4-as!s an) )!$ect ass!stance +-et-e$ f$o#

e!t-e$ t-e /o"e$n#ent o$ non6/o"e$n#ent o$/an!>at!ons !n te$#s of #o$al an) f!nanc!al

4e$s4ect!"e.

.0 Refe$ence L!st

Ahmad Shah Pakeer Mohamed, S. H. H. S. M. F. O. M. A. C. J. Y. H. H., 2011. The

Phenomenon of Human Trackin Ac!i"i!ie# in Sou!hea#! A#ia. International Journal

of Humanities and Social Science, 1$S%ecia&', %. 10.

Anon., 2001(200). Humantracking.org. *On&ine+

A"ai&a&e a!- h!!%-///.human!rackin.orcoun!rie#ma&a#ia



Anon., 2012. O 3&oa& 4#!ima!e of Forced aour. n- Results and methodology.

S/i!5er&and- #.n., %%. 1(67.

Anon., 2018. OFFICE O !O"IOR #"$ CO!%# R#FFIC&I"' I" (ERSO"S, #.&.- 9S

:e%ar!men! of S!a!e.

Anon., 2018. O)er t*o million legal foreign *orkers in !alaysia, ;ua&a um%ur-Ma&a Mai& On&ine.

ad<maie, 2011. %ad+maggies %log. *On&ine+

A"ai&a&e a!- h!!%#-ad<maie./ord%re##.com20110108conc&u#ion(of(re#earch(

%a%er(human(!rackin

*Acce##ed 7 Auu#! 2018+.

4dmon# , M., 2011. Ho* Human racking -orks. *On&ine+

A"ai&a&e a!- h!!%-%eo%&e.ho/#!u=/ork#.comhuman(!rackin2.h!m

*Acce##ed 7 Ju& 2018+.

4&i5ae!h M. >hea!on, 4. J. S. a. T. ?. 3., 2010. 4conomic# of Human Trackin.

Journal Comilation, 67$6', %%. 116(161.

3@AM43A, F. . A. M. A., 200< . :e"e&o%in Be!!er ndica!or# of Human Trackin.

%ro*n Journal of -orld #/airs, ?O9M4 $SS94 1', %%. 1DE(1E6.

Ham5ah Adu&(@ahmana, C. >. . C. >. S. F. ., 2012. ea!i"e im%ac! induced

forein /orker#- 4"idence in Ma&a#ian con#!ruc!ion #ec!or. Ha0itat International ,

?o&ume <), %%. 6<<(66<.

;a##im, A., 1EED. &&ea& a&ien &aour in Ma&a#ia- !# inuG, u!i&i5a!ion, and

ramica!ion#. Indonesia and the !alay -orld, 28$D1', %%. 80(71.

Mohd aIeim Ai#, M. . S. A. . O. F. ". F. M. S. S. M. F. ;., 2010. Manain Forein

>orker# in Sou!hea#! A#ian. Journal of #sia (aci1c Studies, 1$<', %%. 671(808.

@i&e, ., 201<. Human racking2 'lo0al hreat to Fundamental Human Rights.

*On&ine+

A"ai&a&e a!- h!!%-///.&oa&%eacecon"en!ion.orcom%onen!con!en!ar!ic&e6D(

&oa&(%eace(con"en!ion2<7(human(!rackin(&oa&(!hrea!(!o(fundamen!a&(

human(rih!#.h!m&

*Acce##ed 7 Auu#! 2018+.

Saad, S., 2016. 34O3@AFA On&ineTM Ma&a#ian Journa& of Socie! and S%ace.

'o)ernment olicy and the challenge of eradicating human tracking , 10$)', %%.

))(D6.

Saad, S. K Sa&man , A., 2016. 3o"ernmen! %o&ic and !he cha&&ene of eradica!in

human !rackin. 'EO'R#FI# Online! !alaysian Journal of Society and Sace 34

issue 5 655 7 89:, 10$)', %%. ))(D6.

SC, F. M., 2016. H9MA T@AFFC;3 A: MO:4@ :AY SA?4@Y L A AFF@OT TO

H9MA :3TY. 'RIFFIH JO;R"#< OF <#- = H;!#" $I'"I>, 2$1'$S%ecia& ##ue',

%%. 166(1D<.



Suhana Saad, A. S., 2016. 3o"ernmen! %o&ic and !he cha&&ene of eradica!in

human !rackin. !alaysian Journal of Society and Sace, ##ue ), %. E.

9.S. :e%ar!men! of S!a!e, 2018. ?43@ racking in (ersons Reort, #.&.- #.n.

>93, C., n.d. A##e##in Crimina& Ju#!ice and Human @ih!# Mode&# in !he Fih!

aain#! SeG Trackin- A Ca#e S!ud of !he AS4A @eion. EsseA Human RightsRe)ie*, <$1', %%. 6)()<.

Yon, P., 2011. imeline of Human racking. *On&ine+

A"ai&a&e a!- h!!%-///.eden.ru!er#.eduon%a!r628na&!ime&ine.h!m

*Acce##ed 7 Auu#! 2018+.

Documents

Human Trafficking in Malaysia Amended