Human Systems Integraon at NASA Ames Research Center- Example: Schizophrenia may show normal pursuit latency but low open-loop acceleration. - Multidimensionality provides a relatively

HumanSystemsIntegra/onatNASAAmesResearchCenter

JeffreyMcCandless,Ph.D.DeputyDivisionChief

HumanSystemsIntegra/onDivisionNASAAmesResearchCenterMoffe>Field,California

September15,2017

UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley29thAnnualBayAreaVisionResearchDay(BAVRD)

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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170012494 2020-04-03T09:49:49+00:00Z

1957:Sputnik2

Source: columbia.edu

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1961:FirstmaninspaceSource: appel.nasa.gov

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1961:FirstmaninspaceSource: appel.nasa.gov Source: blogs.nasa.gov

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1961:Firstmaninspace

1965:Firstspacewalk

Source: appel.nasa.gov Source: blogs.nasa.gov


Source: history.nasa.gov

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1961:Firstmaninspace

1965:Firstspacewalk 1969:Firstastronautsonmoon

Source: appel.nasa.gov Source: blogs.nasa.gov


Source: history.nasa.gov Source: nasa.gov

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Source: nasa.gov Today:Interna/onalSpaceSta/on

OverviewofNASA

Currently:10centersplusheadquarters

Source: https://nasajobs.nasa.gov/images/map_notitle.gif

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OverviewofAmesResearchCenter

Photo credit: Jeffrey McCandless

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Hangar1

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Hangar1

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Photo credit: NASA



80x120footwindtunnel

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80x120footwindtunnel

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Photo credit: NASA



ArcJets

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ArcJets

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Photo credit: NASA



HumanSystemsIntegraEonDivision

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HumanSystemsIntegraEonDivision

Photo credit: NASA

OverviewoftheHumanSystemsIntegra/onDivision

•  Over120members•  15labsinareassuchas:-  AirspaceOpera/ons-  Fa/gueCountermeasures

-  HumanComputerInterac/on

-  PsychophysiologicalResearch-  VisionResearch

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SamplesofVisionResearch

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InfluenceofVibra/onandAccelera/ononVisualPerformance

(ledbyDr.BernardD.Adelstein)

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SpaceShu>le

• 3Gaccelera/on• ±0.1gvibra/on

Credit: NASA


(ledbyDr.BernardD.Adelstein)

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Credit: NASA

SpaceShu>le

• 3Gaccelera/on• ±0.1gvibra/on

ProposedAresIrocket

• 3.8Gaccelera/on• ±0.7gvibra/on

(12Hz,2.5mmpeaktopeak)

Credit: NASA


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SpaceShu>lecockpit

Credit: NASA

Astronautsacquireinforma/onfromthemyriadofinterfacestomakedecisions.

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Credit: NASA

Source: YouTube


29 foot radius centrifuge with 20 revolutions per minute (to achieve 3.8 G acceleration)

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Credit: NASA

Source: YouTube


29 foot radius centrifuge with 20 revolutions per minute (to achieve 3.8 G acceleration)

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Task

1. Visuallyacquiretherelevantinforma/on.

2. Makeaneyemovementtothecell.

3. Selectatargetstringofthreedigits.4. Readthedigitsinthetarget.5. Makeatwo-alterna/veforcedchoice:“yes”ifamonotonicsequence,“no”ifnotamonotonicsequence.

6. Pressoneoftworesponsebu>ons.Independentvariables

1.Fontsize(10and14point)

2.Vibra/onlevel

Par/cipants

generalpopula/onandcrew


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StrobingCountermeasure


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Displaywasstrobedin/mewiththevibra/ngchair.

Displaystrobingwasaneffec/vecompensa/ngtechniqueforreducingreadingerrorsinthisstudy.

Patent8,711,462awardedin2014.

AdelsteinBD,KaiserMK,Beu>er,BR,McCannRS,AndersonMR(2013)Displaystrobing:Aneffec/vecountermeasureagainstvisualblurfromwhole-bodyvibra/on.ActaAstronau/ca,92:53-64.


ComprehensiveOculometricBehavioralResponseAssessment(COBRA)

(ledbyDr.LeeStone)

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Thegoalistoassessneuralimpairmentusingashort(15minute)oculometricassessment.

Impairmentinvisualprocessingandpursuittrackingcanresultfrommanycauses(e.g.,cor/callesions,brainstemdamage).

34TheDodgePhotochronograph,1908

Scien/stshaveinves/gatedtheassocia/onbetweenoculometricsandnervoussystemdisordersfordecades.



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•  Targetspeed:16,18,20,22or24deg/sec.•  Targetdirec/on:0°to358°onthefronto-parallelplanein2°increments.•  180trials•  Display:LCDhigh-defini/onmonitorat144Hz•  EyeTracker:ISCANvideo-basedtrackerat240Hz

/me

posi/on

center of screen

Rashbassstep-rampSEmulus


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10measures

PursuitIni/a/on1.Latencyofpursuitini/a/on2.Open-looppursuitaccelera/on

Steadystatetracking3.Gain(ra/oofeyevelocitytotargetvelocityalongs/mulusdirec/on)4.Catch-upsaccadeamplitude5.Propor/onoftheresponseconsis/ngofsmoothmovement

(ra/oofpursuiteyedisplacementtototaleyedisplacement)

Direc/ontuning6.Obliqueeffectamplitude7.Horizontal-ver/calasymmetry8.Direc/onalnoise

Speedtuning9.Speedresponsiveness10.Speednoise

/me

posi/on

center of screen

Rashbassstep-rampSEmulus


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Resultsacross41subjects


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Compute a “TBI Impairment Index” based on z-scores for 34 TBI patients (red) and 41 control subjects (green).

Example of Potential Benefit: Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury


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-  It requires only about 15 minutes. -  This approach may be a useful quantitative screening test for pathological states. -  Specific deficits may show characteristic patterns across different metrics.

-  Example: Degenerative retinal disease may show prolonged pursuit latency but unimpaired steady-state tracking.

-  Example: Schizophrenia may show normal pursuit latency but low open-loop acceleration.

-  Multidimensionality provides a relatively high overall sensitivity.

Summary

Patent9,730,582awardedin2017.

Liston DB and Stone LS (2014) Oculometric assessment of dynamic visual processing. Journal of Vision, 14: 1-17.

Liston DB, Wong LR and Stone LS (2017) Oculometric Assessment of Sensorimotor Impairment Associated with TBI. Optometry and Vision Science, 94: 51-59.

MoreInforma/on

AmesHumanSystemsIntegra/onDivision:h>p://hsi.arc.nasa.gov

AmesVisitorCenter:h>p://www.nasa.gov/ames/visitorcenter.html

Credit:NASAAmes

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Documents

Human Systems Integraon at NASA Ames Research Center- Example: Schizophrenia may show normal pursuit latency but low open-loop acceleration. - Multidimensionality provides a relatively