Human Skeleton

  Name Common Name

1 Cranium Braincase

8 Maxillary Upper Jaw

9 Mandible Lower Jaw

10 Hyoid None

11Cervical

Vertebrae (7) Neck bone

12 Sternum Breastbone

13 Clavicle Collarbone

15 Scapula Shoulder Blade

16 Sternum Breastbone

Human Skeleton

17 Xiphoid Process Breastbone End

18 Ribs (24) Ribs

19Thoracic

Vertebrae (12) Back Bones

20 Humerus Arm/Funny Bone

21 Radius Forearm

22 Ulna Forearm

23Carpals (8 each

wrist) Wrist Bones

24Metacarpals (5

each hand) Hand Bones

25Phalanges (14

each hand) Finger/Toe Bones

26Lumbar

Vertebrae (5) Lower Back Bones

Human Skeleton

27 Pelvis Hip Bone

28 Sacrum (1)  

29 Coccyx (1) Tail Bone

32 Femur Thigh Bone

33 Patella Kneecap

34 Tibia Shin Bone

35 Fibula Lower Leg Bone

37 Calcaneus Heel Bone

38 Tarsals Ankle Bones

39 Metatarsals Foot Bones

Skeletal System #1

• Functions-• Support & movement,

muscle attachment, levers• Protection of internal

organs • Manufacture of blood

cells• Storage of minerals,

phosphorous, calcium

Bone Structure- #2Figure 1- Typical Long Bone

• 1. Cartilage– Located at the ends of

bones, reduces friction• 2. Spongy bone

– Located inside compact bone & at the ends of long bones, many air spaces

• 3. Marrow– Soft tissue located in the

center of hollow bones, produce red blood cells & some white blood cells

Bone Structure- #2Figure 1- Typical Long Bone

• 4. Periosteum– Tough membrane that

encases the bone

• 5. Compact bone– Dense bone, strong, located

along the center of long bones

• 6. Ligament or Tendon– Ligament- connects bone to

other bone– Tendon- connects muscle to

bone

Bone Structure- #3Figure 2

• a. Vertebral column– Protects spinal cord

• b. Thoracic cavity or Ribcage– Protects lungs & heart

• c. Cranium– Protects brain

• d. Mandible– Shapes face, allows

chewing

Bone Structure- #3Figure 2

• e. Shoulder girdle– Supports, anchors arm

• f. Pelvis– Protects pelvic organs,

anchors leg• g. Cartilage

– Reduces friction between bones

• h. Spongy bone– Bone with air spaces

Bone Structure- #3Figure 2

• i. Marrow– Forms blood cells

• j. Compact bone– Gives bone strength and

hardness

• k. Blood vessels/nerves• l. Osteocyte

– Living bone cells

• m. Haversian Canal– Canal for blood vessels in

bone

Bone Development- #4

• Ossification• The changing of cartilage to bone• Osteocytes deposit minerals that replace

cartilage forming bone

Cells Associated Tissue- #5

• Osteocytes– living bone cells, deposit

or absorbs minerals, bone growth and ossification

• Cartilage- 2 types– Temporary cartilage-

ossifies into bone– Permanent cartilage-

remain cartilage through out your life

• ends of bones, nose, ear

Cells Associated Tissue- #5

• Tendons– Hold muscle to bone

• Ligaments– Hold bone to bone

Joints- #6

• Point where bones meet

• Types-– Fixed- immovable, no

movement, cranium– Semimovable- allows

some motion, vertebrae

– Freely movable- allows much motion

Joints- #6

– Movable- allows much motion

• Ball & socket- shoulder, hip

• Hinge- knee, elbow• Pivot- top 2 vertebrae,

elbow• Gliding- wrist, foot• Saddle- base of thumb