Human Senses.pptx

8/21/2019 Human Senses.pptx

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HUMAN SENSESMonique Mavronicolas


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THE 5 S

Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC is cre!ite! "it# t#e tra!itional classi$cation o% t#or&ans'

• Sit

• Sell

• Taste

• Touc#

• Hearin&

Eac# o% t#e 5 senses consists o% or&ans "it# s)eciali*e! cellular structures trece)tors %or s)eci$c stiuli+ T#ese cells #ave lin,s to t#e nervous sste a.rain+ Sensin& is !one at )riitive levels in t#e cells an! inte&rate! into sennervous sste+ Sit is )ro.a.l t#e ost !evelo)e! sense in #uans/ %oll. #earin&+


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SENSEST0UCTU0E

UNCT• T#e ee "or,s li,e a caera/ "#en ou loo, at an o.6ect/ t#e lit ras re7ecte! %ro t#e o.6ect #it t#e t

at t#e %ront o% our ee+• T#e ras are t#en )artl %ocuse! an! )ass t#rou t#e )u)il/ "#ic# enlar&es or constricts !e)en!in& on l

• T#e lens varies its %ocusin& )o"er %or near an! !istant o.6ects an! $ne-%ocuses t#e ras to create a s#ar)fovea/ t#e ost res)onsive area o% t#e light-sensitive retina at t#e .ac, o% t#e ee+

• T#e coloure! rin& o% t#e ee/ t#e iris/ controls t#e aount o% lit enterin& t#e ee+ t closes "#en lit i"#en lit is !i+

• A tou "#ite s#eet calle! sclera covers t#e outsi!e o% t#e ee+ ront o% t#is s#eet (sclera is trans)arent#e lit to enter t#e ee/ t#e cornea+

• Ciliary uscles in ciliar .o! control t#e %ocusin& o% lens autoaticall+

•

Choroid %ors t#e vascular laer o% t#e ee su))lin& nutrition to t#e ee structures+ a&e %ore! on ttransitte! to .rain . optic nerve+

• T#e ia&e is $nall )erceive! . .rain+

• A 6ell li,e su.stance calle! vitreous #uour $ll t#e s)ace .et"een lens an! retina+

• T#e lens/ iris an! cornea are nouris#e! . clear 7ui!/ aqueous #uour/ %ore! . t#e ciliar .o! an! $.et"een lens an! cornea+

• T#is s)ace is ,no"n as anterior chamer+ T#e 7ui! 7o"s %ro ciliar .o! to t#e )u)il an! is a.sor.e! c#annels in t#e an&le o% anterior c#a.er+ T#e !elicate .alance o% aqueous )ro!uction an! a.sor)tion co"it#in t#e ee+

• 9it ras %ocuse! . t#e cornea an! lens )ro!uce an ia&e on t#e retina t#at is u)si!e !o"n+ Electrical

stiulate! cells in t#e retina travel alon& t#e o)tic nerve to t#e .rain/ "#ere t#e ia&e is inter)rete! as


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THE E1E : ST0UCTU0UNC


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Co)lete t#e issin& "or!s'

T#e ee.all consists o% t#ree laers/ t#e•


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HTT@S'??+1UTUBE+CM?ATCHDBET

• !asic eye function

• o)tic sste )ro6ectin& an ia&e

• sste t#at )erceives an! Fenco!esG t#e receive! in%oration %or t#e .rain

• li%e su))ortin& Fservicin&G sste+

• Eye structure

• T#e #uan ee is a co)le> o)tic instruent+ ts ain &oal is to Ftrans%erG t#e correct ia&e to t#e o)tic nerve+

• Cornea is a trans)arent coat coverin& t#e %ront )art o% t#e ee+ t #as no .loo! vessels/ .ut its re%raction is &reat+ t is )art o% t#e ee o)tic+ Cornea .or!ers sclera "#ic# is a noncornea structure+

• "nterior chamer is a s)ace .et"een cornea an! iris+ t is $lle! "it# intra-ocular 7ui!+

• Iris loo,s li,e a circle "it# an o)enin& in t#e i!!le ()u)il+ ris consist o% uscles t#at c#an&e )u)il si*e . constrictin& an! rela>in&+ T is a )art o% t#e ee c#oroi!+ ris is res)o(i% it is .lue t#is eans it contains %e" )i&ent cell/ i% .ro"n : a lot+ ts %unction is sae as o% a)erture in a caera : to a!6ust lit 7o"+

• $upil is an a)erture in iris+ ts si*e usuall !e)en!s on t#e illuination level+ T#e ore lit t#e saller t#e )u)il+

• Crystalline lens is t#e ee Fnatural lens+ t is trans)arent/ elastic : can c#an&e its s#a)e/ %ocusin& in alost instantl/ t#ere%ore one can see "ell .ot# near an! %ar+ t is locateciliar *onule+ T#e crstalline lens li,e cornea is a )art o% t#e ee o)tic+

• %itreous ody is a &el-li,e trans)arent su.stance locate! in t#e )osterior )art o% t#e ee+ T#e vitreous .o! su))orts t#e s)#ere o% t#e ee .all an! is )art o% t#e intraocular o)tic sste+

• &etina consists o% )#otorece)tors (lit sencin& an! nerve (&an&lion cells+ T#ere are t"o t)es o% rece)tor (trans!ucer cells in retina' cones an! ro!s+ T#ese cells )ro!ucin& rlit ener& ()#otons into electric ener& o% neural tissue/ i+e+ )#otoc#eical reaction ta,es )lace+

• 0o!s #ave #i lit sensitivit an! allo" seein& in )oor lit/ t#e are also res)onsi.le %or )eri)#er vision+ Cones a!versel nee! )lent o% lit %or %unctionin& .ut allo" to !is(res)onsi.le %or !irect vision an! ensure colour a))reciation+ Most cones are locate! in acula "#ic# is res)onsi.le %or t#e s#ar)est vision+ 0etina a!6oins c#oroi! .ut not too snit a !etac# un!er various retina !iseases+

• Sclera is t#e non-trans)arent outer coat o% t#e ee .ul. an! in t#e %rontal )art o% t#e ee it ver&es into t#e trans)arent cornea+ I ee ovin& uscles are attac#e! to it+ t contvessels+

• Choroid inlas t#e .ac, )art o% sclera/ it a!6oins retina an! is closel lin,e! to it+ C#oroi! is res)onsi.le %or .loo! su))l o% intraocular structures+ An! "it# retina !isor!ers it is )rocess+ C#oroi! #as no nerve terinals t#ere%ore "#en t#ere is a trou.le t#ere/ t#ere is no )ain "#ic# usuall alars a.out a )ro.le+

• 'ptic nerve ( trans%ers si&nals %ro nerve terinals to t#e .rain+

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEtdh-G8wFEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEtdh-G8wFEhttp://en.excimerclinic.ru/press/rogovicahttp://en.excimerclinic.ru/press/rogovicahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEtdh-G8wFEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEtdh-G8wFE


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SENSE: HEST0UCTU0E

UNCTN' HEA0N/ BA9ANCE AN0

• T#e outer ear )rotru!es a"a %ro t#e #ea! an! is s#a)e! li,e a!irect soun!s to"ar! t#e tympanic memrane/ "#ic# transitto t#e inner ear t#rou a series o% sall .ones in t#e i!!le et#e malleus) incus and stapes*

• T#e inner ear/ or cochlea/ is a s)iral-s#a)e! c#a.er covere! inerve $.res t#at react to t#e vi.rations an! transit i)ulses tovia t#e au!itor nerve+ T#e .rain co.ines t#e in)ut o% our t"o !eterine t#e !irection an! !istance o% soun!s+

• T#e inner ear #as a vestiular system %ore! . three semiccanals t#at are a))ro>iatel at rit an&les to eac# ot#er an!responsile for the sense of alance and spatial orientatiinner ear #as c#a.ers $lle! "it# a viscous +uid and small p,otoliths containin& calcium caronate+ T#e oveent o% t#)articles over sall #air cells in t#e inner ear sen!s si&nals to t#are inter)rete! as otion an! acceleration+


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THE E1E : ST0UCTU0UNC


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SENSE:ST0UCTU0E'

UNCT•

Sell is our !istant c#eical sense+ e can !iscern in%oratioc#eical co)osition o% su.stances .e%ore coin& into ore !contact "it# t#e+

• or an anials/ sell is t#e ost i)ortant sense+

• Alt#ou %or #uans sell is not as i)ortant as sa vision or"e !o use sell ore t#an "e t#in, to &ui!e .e#aviour+

•

Sell is an i)ortant )art o% taste+ Man qualities o% %oo!s t#a"e taste/ are actuall a %unction o% sell+


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Human Senses.pptx