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Unit 5 Introduction to Organizational

Behavior

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Meaning

Definitions1. Fred Luthans: Organizational Behavior is

directly concerned with the understanding, predicting and controlling of human behavior in organizations.

2. Stephen Robbins: OB is a systematic study of the actions of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within organisations.

Introduction

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Features Of OB 1. OB is multidisciplinary in nature2. OB attempts to improve organizational

effectiveness and the quality of life at work3. OB recognizes the dynamic nature of

organizations4. OB assumes that there is no one best to

approach

Scope

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1. Psychology2. Social Psychology3. Sociology4. Anthropology5. Political Science

Disciplines Contributing to Organizational Behavior

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1. Globalization2. Emerging Employment Relationship3. Changing workforce4. Knowledge Management5. Information technology and OB

Emerging Trends in Organizational Behavior

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1. Employee opportunities2. Vast study3. Work force Diversity4. Provides Guidelines

Challenges and Opportunities for OB

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1. Conditions affecting Multinational Operationsi. Legal and Ethical Conditionsii. Political Conditionsiii. Economic Conditions

2. Managing an International Workforce

3. Individual differencesi. Individualismii. Power Distanceiii. Uncertainty avoidanceiv. Masculine and Femininityv. Time Orientation

Organizational Behavior across Cultures

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1. The Autocratic Model2. The Custodial Model3. The Supportive Model 4. The Collegial Model5. The System Model

Organizational Behavior Models

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1. Classical 2. Human Relations including neo-human

relations3. Systems 4. Contingency5. Decision making6. Social Action7. Postmodernism

Approaches to OB

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Controlling and directing Behavior Use of Power and sanction Leadership Communication Organizational Climate Organizational Adaptation

Importance of OB

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Cannot Abolish Conflicts One of the many systems operating

within large social system Gives Narrow view point Law of diminishing returns Decline in returns after optimum

desireable practice

Limitations of OB

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Introduction Meaning

Organizational Change

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Organizational

Behavior

Group Chang

e

Levels of Change• Individual

Change

• Group Change

• Organisational Change

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A. Changes Related to PeopleI. Personal ChangeII. Culture ChangeIII. People-centered ChangesIV. Social change

Types of Change

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B. Changes Related to OrganizationsI. Leadership ChangeII. Structural ChangeIII. ReengineeringIV. Incremental Organizational ChangeV. Fundamental Organizational ChangeVI. Paradigm ShiftVII.Strategic Change

Types of Changes

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C. Changes related to Systems I. Process-oriented ChangeII. Technological ChangeIII. Systems ChangeIV. Continuous ChangeV. Transactional ChangeVI. Business Process Reengineering

Types of Changes

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Types of Change

D. Change in generalI. GrowthII. Unplanned changeIII. Planned ChangeIV. Radical changeV. Development ChangeVI. Transformational

ChangeVII. Transitional Change

Viii. Strategy DeploymentIx. Restructuring X. Evolutionary ChangeXi. Revolutionary ChangeXii. Proactive ChangeXiii. Reactivive

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E. Forces for changeI. Organizations face a dynamic and

changing environmentII. The changing nature of the workforceIII. Technology is changing jobs and

organizationsIV. Competition is ChangingV. Social Trends

Types of Changes

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Meaning

Reasons A. Economic CausesI. Fear of losing Job or Reduction in EmploymentII. Insecurity of JobIII. Doubt about Future or Fear of ObsolescenceIV. Fear and Increased Work Load

Resistance to Change

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B. Personal CausesI. Requirement of TrainingII. Boredom and MonotonyIII. Non-involvement in Decision-making C. Social CausesI Need for New social AdjustmentII Taking Change as Pressure of Outside powerIII Orthodox mentality

Reasons for Resistance to Change

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1. Discussions about the changes with workers2. Proper Planning for change3. Protection of the Interest of Employees4. Group Dynamics5. Changes should be slow in parts6. Proper training7. Sharing of Income

Overcoming Resistance to Change

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Meaning ObjectivesI. To help make organizational culture more

responsiveII. Function as human beings than mere

resourcesIII. Provide opportunitiesIV. Make Organization more effective

Organizational Development

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Reasons

Change

Management

Creates

Leaders

Strategic

InterventionSpecialist

s

DevelopingCore

Competencies

Reasons to Study Organizational Development

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Thank you