Human Reproduction - Male reproductive System Spermatogenesis Reproduction.pdf · 0714 820 596 Channa Asela Teacher, S. Thomas’ College, Mt. Lavinia Page 3 of 29

0714 820 596 Channa Asela www.OLscience.com

Teacher, S. Thomas’ College, Mt. Lavinia

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Human Reproduction - Male reproductive System

Spermatogenesis

1) Process of producing ………………. (sperms) is called ……………………………....

2) Spermatogenesis starts at ……………… (13 years to 16 years) and continue till …………………...

3) A suitable ………….. is essential to produce healthy ……………….

4) It is about 2°C less than the body temperature.

5) Spermatogenesis happens inside the ……………..

6) Therefore, the ……………… are kept inside a muscular pouch called ……………., (testes sac) which is outside the body cavity.

7) When the environmental temperature is less, the …………. muscle in the ……………. will contract and the testis will move ……… towards the body.

8) When the ………….muscle contracts, the thickness of the ……………. wall will increase and prevents the heat to go out of the scrotum.

9) When the environmental temperature is more, the …………… muscle will relax and testis will move …………….. away from the body.

10) When the ………….. muscle relaxes, the thickness of the …………... wall will reduce and allow the heat to go out of the scrotum.

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A cross section of a testis

1) There are about 250 ……………… lobules in a testis.

2) There are about 1000 convoluted ………………………… tubules in a testis.

3) Sperms are produced from cells called ………………. found in the walls of

convoluted ………………. tubules.

4) The all the ………………. tubules will open into a highly vasculated structure

called ………………………..

5) …………….. will store ………….…… temporary till they are released during

ejaculation.

6) ……………………….. contains a head, body and a tail.

7) ………….. or ductus deferens will arise from the tail of the ………………….

8) The ductus deferens (………………), the coverings, testicular artery, venous

complex, nerve all together is called the ……………………….




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Production of semen

1. …………………. (ductus deferens) will move up in the ………. and enters the

abdomen.

2. It then moves upwards and turns backwards near the ……………………… and

then moves downwards.

3. The ducts of the …………… vesicles join the ………………….. (ductus deferens).

4. After the ducts of the ……………. open into the ……………….., it is called the

……………………….

5. The ………………… enters the …………….. gland and joins the ………………….

6. The ducts of the ………………… gland also open into the ………………….

7. ………………….. enters the penis and

8. The ……………… vesicle, ……………. gland and the …………. gland secretes a

white colour fluid.

9. This white colour fluid provides a medium for ………………. to swim and

provides nutrients to ………………….

10. The ………………… and the white colour fluid is called ……………. or …………….

11. In 1ml of ………….. there are 3 billion ……………………...

12. At least 60 million ……………. are necessary for pregnancy.




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13. ………………… becomes rigid when more blood flows into the …………….

14. …… is the organ used to release ………….. into a female reproductive system.

15. Tip of the ………… is called the glans ………………….

16. The glans ………….. is covered by prepuce or ……………..

17. ……………………….. have a head, body and a tail.

Functions of the male reproductive system

1) Production of ……………… (sperms) using a process called ……………………..

2) Release ………………… into a female reproductive system

3) Production of ………….. hormone which brings secondary sexual

characteristics in males




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Function of female reproductive system

1) Produce ………………. (female reproductive cells).

2) Develop a ………………… and child birth.

3) Produce …………………….. and Progesterone.

Ovaries

1) There are two …………………. on left and right sides which are closer to the

lateral wall of the pelvic region in the abdomen.

2) The outer area of an …………… is called the ……………. and the inner area is

called the ……………...

3) …………………… produce ……………………..

4) Each ………………… contains 200,000 to 400,000 ………………. at birth.

5) Therefore in females, the ……………………. are produced before birth.

Uterus (womb)

1) ……………….. is located in the pelvic cavity.

2) It is a hollow muscular structure.

3) It contains a ………………, ……………. & ………………..

4) ……………………… of the embryo & development of foetus occur inside the

uterus.




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Fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)

1) They are long ………………. tubes.

2) Open into ……………… of the uterus.

3) The free end is funnel shaped and has finger like structures called ……………….

4) …………….…….help to direct ova which are released by the ovary into the

Fallopian tube.

5) ………………….. occur in the upper part of the ………………. tube.

Vagina (Endocervical canal)

1) ………………. starts from …………….. of the uterus and opens to exterior

through an opening called ………………..

2) ……………….. enter the female reproductive system through ………………..

3) Natural child birth also occur through ………………..




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How female reproductive system functions

1) Each ………………. contains 200,000 – 400,000 ……………………. at birth.

2) Therefore ………………… are produced before birth.

3) Initially, ……………… are immature and are called ………………….. follicles.

4) Closer to ……………. (10years – 14 years) one ………………………………. follicle

will become a multicellular structure called ………………… follicle and move

towards the outer part (edge) of the ovary.

5) After the ……………… follicle matures it will burst and release an …………………

out of the ………………….

6) Releasing an ………………… from an ……………… is called an ………………….




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7) The walls of the ………………….. will become thicker gradually.

8) The ……………………. which got released from an ………………… will be directed

into the adjacent …………….. tube with the help of ………………….

9) The ……………….. will travel through the ……………… tube towards the uterus.

10) If …………………. were NOT released into the female reproductive system,

……………. days after the ……………, the walls of ………………… will degenerate

and goes out as a blood flow through the ………………….

11) This flowing of blood is called ……………….. or menses.

12) Menses will be there for about ………………….days.

13) When menses occur for the first time in a female, it is referred to as

…………………………………..

14) After menstruation, the walls of the …………………… will start to rebuild.

15) About ……………. days after menstruation stops, another …………… will be

released from the other ………………….. and it is called …………………...

16) Therefore ……………………….. will occur once in ……………….. days.

17) This will occur as cycle over and over again. Therefore it is called

……………………………… cycle.

18) The ……………………. cycle will stop temporarily during a ………………….. period

till child birth.

19) The …………………….. cycle will completely stop after 45 years to 50 years.

20) Completely stopping of the ………………… cycle is called ……………………..




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Ovulation

1) Releasing of a mature ………………. from left or right ……………….. into the

adjacent ………………. tube once in ………………. days’ time from …………………… to

………………………… is called ………………...

The changes that take place in ovaries during a menstrual cycle

1) Follicular phase

2) Luteal phase

Follicular phase

1) A …………….. follicle will gradually turn into a ………………. follicle.

2) It happens due to the influence of …………………………………………………. (FSH)

produced by the ………………………… gland.

3) ……………………… hormone will be secreted from ………………… during the

……………………………. phase.

4) ………………… phase takes about ………….. days.

Luteal phase

1) After the ………………….. follicle is matured, it will burst and release the

…………………. Out of the ……………….

2) This ………………. will be taken into the adjacent ……………… tube by its

………………………...

3) It happens due to the influence of ……………………………………. (LH) secreted by

the ………………………..

4) The remaining part of the …………………… follicle will become corpus

……………………… and then becomes a corpus ………………………… and fades off.




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5) ……………………………. hormone will be secreted from ………………… during the

…………………. phase.

6) ……………….. phase takes about ………………. days.

Changes that takes place in uterus during a menstrual cycle

1) Menstrual phase

2) Proliferation phase

3) Secretory phase

Menstrual phase

1) The level of …………………… hormone will decrease.

2) Therefore the walls of the ………………… will degenerate.

3) Therefore a ………………… flow will occur.

4) This is called …………………… or menses.

5) It occurs for about ………………….. days.

Proliferation phase

1) The degenerated walls of …………………… will start to re-generate.

2) This occurs due to ……………….. hormone.

3) It takes about ……………….days.

Secretory phase

1) Thickness of the walls of the ………………. will increase.

2) Blood supply to the …………………………will increase.

3) Glands on the walls of ………………… will start secreting.




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4) ………………….. will increase slightly.

5) Happens due to the influence of ……………………….. hormone.

6) Takes about …………………………. days.




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Fertilization

1) The ………….. nucleus of a unicellular ………………. fusing with the ……………….

nucleus of an unicellular …………… and producing a …………. unicellular

…………… is called ……………………..

2) Out of millions of ……………….. which are released into the ………………….

reproductive system, only hundreds of sperms can swim all the ways

through the vagina, ………………. and enter the ……………. tubes.

3) Out of those hundreds of sperms which swam into the …………………… tube,

only one ……………….. will enter the ……………….

4) Therefore, a ………………… occur inside a …………………. tube.

5) Only the ……………. of the …………….. which contains a ……………… nucleus will

enter the ……………….. and the ……………. and the ……………. will stay outside

the ………………..

6) The nucleus of the ……………………. will fuse with the nucleus of the ……………..

and …………………. will occur.

7) Immediately after the …………………. a thick wall will be formed around the

……………………….

8) This will prevent other ………………. entering the ………………………….

9) An ovum can live …………………….. hours after ovulation.

10) A sperm can live ……………. days in a female reproductive system after

…………………..

11) Therefore for a …………………. to occur, the …………….. should be released into

the ………………. reproductive system maximum of ………….. days before or

maximum of ……………….. hours after the …………………...




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12) Therefore a ………………. can occur only if …………………. are released into the

…………… reproductive system between …………….th day and the …………th day

of the …………………… cycle.

Implantation

1) A ………………… ovum will take 3 days – 4 days to go through the

…………………….. tube and reach the …………….

2) After …………………, the diploid unicellular ……………. will undergo ……………..

cell division while moving through the ………………… tube towards the

…………………. and become a multicellular structure.

3) The multicellular structure which enters the ……………. will have …………..

cells.

4) This ……………. cell structure is called a …………….

5) The ……………… will get attached to the inner wall of the …………….. which is

called the ………………………….

6) Attaching a ……………. to the inner wall of the …………….. is called ………………..

7) Therefore implantation occur inside the …………………..

Development of foetus

1) The multicellular structure from fertilization till …….th week is called an

…………………...

2) The multicellular structure from ……………th week till ………………………. is

called the ……………...

3) …………………. membranes around the ……………. will develop during the 6th

week.




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4) There will be a fluid called …………………. fluid in between the ………………

membranes.

5) The …………………….. membranes will get attached to a place in the inner wall

of the ……………….

6) This place is called the ………………………

7) The …………………. cord will take …………….., nutrients & hormones from

……………. to …………...

8) The ………………………… chord will bring ……………………… & ………………………..

waste products from …………………. to ……………………….

9) ………………. will also travel through the ………………… cord.

10) But the …………………..’s blood and …………………’ blood does not exchange

through the ………………….. cord.




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Development of the foetus

03 months – Has a human form.

Male or female sex organs are developed

05 mother – Mother feels the …………….. of the foetus for the first time.

……………………. of the foetus can be heard (120-140 per minutes)

09 months – ……………….. have descended into the ……………...

Body mass will be between …………..kg to ……………kg ……………

Child birth (parturition)

1) Child birth will occur about …………… days after fertilization.

2) Closer to the child birth, the ……………… of the foetus will turn downwards

towards the ……………..

3) The muscles of the ………….. will contract and the ……………. will get removed

and the …………….. will be pushed out through the ……………...

4) The ……………. cord will be cut and tied.




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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

1) Gonorrhoea – Due to a ……………… called Neisseria gonorrhoea

2) Syphilis – Due to a …………….. called Treponema pallidum

3) Herpes – Due to a ……………… called Herpes simplex

4) ……………………………………………………………….... (AIDS) – Due to a virus called

……………………………………………………………….. (HIV)

1) HIV can get infected due to.

(i) ………………. intercourse.

(ii) Sharing …………….. and …………………..

(iii) …………………… transfusion

(iv) From an infected …………….. to the ………………… who is in her ………………

through the ……………………………….cord


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Human Reproduction - Male reproductive System Spermatogenesis Reproduction.pdf · 0714 820 596 Channa Asela Teacher, S. Thomas’ College, Mt. Lavinia Page 3 of 29