Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled Environments

Connecting People With Information

Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled EnvironmentsEnvironments

Dr. Alenka Brown, SESSr. Science Advisor for Human Behaviors

Sr. Research Fellow USD-AT&L-DDR&E // OASD-NII// NDU

[email protected]


Presidential and Legislative Directives that state the

requirements for coordinated and co-operative responses

amongst Federal, State and Local and Non-Government

mission partners in the integration and interoperability of both

material and non-materiel capabilities.

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND (source for HII)(source for HII)


• Understanding the issues that cause inadequate or

incompatible Policy, Doctrine, Strategy and Process across

mission partners by leveraging current processes,

experimentations, exercises, operations, and other venues.

• Master situation awareness in a highly dynamic and

unpredictable environment.

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDFOCUSFOCUS


• Non-materiel solutions are in high demand with all

stakeholders charged with the defense and security of the

United States.

• OSD has determined a need exists for focusing on integration

of technology and human systems to be explored in a

continuum of opportune venues.

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDFINDINGSFINDINGS


• HI Initiative Policy Framework

Tactical Operations Strategic Policy

Science and Technology (S&T) investments

Acquisition and technological gaps

Articulate policy/standards/requirements objectives to develop,

operate, and maintain “high-consequence mission-critical collaboration

systems”

using

Cognitive science and systems engineering

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDHI PillarsHI Pillars


HI Initiative Experimentations

Studies

Dept of Defense and Non-Gov. Org.

Dept of Defense – Building Partnership Capacity

Research

Context management in real-time w/human-in-the-loop

Decision analysis in real-time w/human-in-the-loop Effects based management w/human-in-the loop

Standards and Requirements

Education and Training (E&T)

Standards and Requirements

Refinement of current E&T

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDHI Pillars (continuedHI Pillars (continued))


HI – Net Enabled EnvironmentHI – Net Enabled EnvironmentWORK FLOWWORK FLOW

make betterdecisions for

courses of action

Infor Tech, Info Assureand Info Sharing.

Human Interoperability: Reliable, “compatible1”

human networks across community boundaries .

2 - Cooperation & Collaboration between DoD, Interagency and Intercommunity ranging from asymmetric threats applications, humanitarian efforts, to disaster events.

2 Cooperation and

Collaboration

timely accessibleand

trusted info andbehaviors

1compatible – co-operative, trusting, & semantic interoperable human networks that are “adaptive”

and “agile” to optimize effectiveness & efficiency.

information

provide capability to

enabled by

cognitive-matching; social-cultural nuances;traditional human factors;rapport indicators…

constructedfrom human attributes

collaborative


A Dynamic Method is needed to see how critical system-building elements work in an operational context and impact total

performance outcomes.

5/1 AETF (-): T: Defeat enemy forces operating in BDE AO P: Prepare BDE Ao for future transition to NEW ARMY forces. -Interdicts enemy supply lines -Conducts SASO in BDE sector -Trains NEW ARMY forces for future combat

2 CAB: T: Defeat enemy forces operating in BN AO P: Prepare BN AO for future transition to NEW ARMY forces. -Interdicts enemy supply lines -

Requirements/Definition

Policies

Assessment

ArchitecturalDesign

TrainingHSI

Technology

USER


StrategicPlan

TacticalPlan

OperationalPlan

Tactical

OperationalEnvironment

StrategicPlan

TacticalPlan

OperationalPlan

Operational


StrategicPlan

TacticalPlan

OperationalPlan

Strategic


Directives

Solutions

Organization ArchitectureOrganization Architecture


Human Interoperability InitiativeHuman Interoperability Initiative

OBJECTIVES (1-2)OBJECTIVES (1-2)

Understand “human compatibility” across Net-Enabled Environments and Operations/ Service Oriented Architectures by constructing an HI Framework that includes:

• the development of policy objectives for testing policy and standards,

• balancing strategies and doctrines involving the “human components”

• aligning operations/ procedures for standards in sharing information between humans and systems/organizations

Assessments of processes and their enablers/inhibitors for information sharing and cognitive impact.

Understanding of socio-cultural boundaries for convergence of governing policies and standards.

Identify gaps that are impacted by the intersection of Law and Public Policy.


Human Interoperability InitiativeHuman Interoperability Initiative

OBJECTIVES (2 of 2)OBJECTIVES (2 of 2)

• establishment of social-behavioral tool/capability requirements and metrics for

interoperability applications and acquisition for strategic and tactical operations

• understanding user cognitive-matching and the technical implications for

“quality of operations” for Service Oriented Architecture (SoA)

• Systems of Systems

• Net Centric Operations

• Net Enabled Environments


Achieving InteroperabilityAchieving Interoperability

A PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINEA PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE

Interoperability:

“ The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and

accept services from other systems, units or forces and use the

services to enable them to operate together effectively and with

integrity.”

- Interoperability is more than technology driven for

information exchange – its impact on humans-in the-loop.

- Solutions Sets must address the Processes within organizations, and between individuals.

- Defines the barriers and limitations on: human to human

human to organizationhuman to system (man-machine interfaces)human to system of system integrations


Human Issues and SoA?Human Issues and SoA?

• Dynamic composition and re-composition:

• Warfighting applications need to be composed to provide solutions to

humans in real time - reconfigured dynamically.

• Dynamic system evaluation, analysis, monitoring and tracking to ensure security, dependability, and interoperability for mission success:

– Human composed applications in DoD SOA systems must be evaluated

as soon as they are composed at runtime and after dynamic deployment

for mission plan change.

• Real-time SOA protocols and infrastructure:

– DoD SOA protocols and infrastructure must address human

interoperation real-time computing issues such as fault recovery, timing

constraints, and scheduling to ensure mission success.


SoA Now?SoA Now?

• Current SOA infrastructure and protocols support mainly service producers taking days, weeks or months to complete.

• a human interoperation approach will allow applications to be generated in minutes/hours with significant evaluation and dependability.

• Current SOA computing infrastructure does not support real-time computing and human interoperation:

– timing constraints and processes are not addressed and no mechanism to differentiate service quality and criticality.


SOA nowSOA now?

Research areas need to support:

– human processes within SoA

– timing issues of SOA

– human interoperability protocols

– engineering approaches that address human systems

engineering, etc.


SoA CharacteristicsSoA Characteristics

DoD SoA need to have the following characteristics:

• Autonomous computing with self-healing and self-recovery, and

dynamic reconfiguration with high confidence and predictability;

• Semantic information processing so that information can be

processed in an intelligent manner;

• Rapid real-time application: modeling, assembling, deployment,

simulation, testing, evaluation, monitoring, and data collection;

• Support organizational and operational interoperability, not just

network, machine or software interoperability.


• Systems Engineering Approach for:

• Examine customs1, regulations, policy, doctrine, technological standards

and requirements in development of effective, reliable, and efficient human

systems across organizational boundaries with the interagencies and

intercommunity for dissemination and integration of shared information and

behavior.

• Identify the social engineering processes of reliable human networks (RHN)

practices and the gaps within policy, doctrine and standards in support of

RHN.

Human Interoperability InitiativeHuman Interoperability InitiativeApproachApproach

Hardware

Wetware

Software

1 customs - a strata of ethnicity within a global society relating to various disciplines, e.g., social sciences, engineering, law, policy, doctrine, terminology, cultural nuances, etc.


• Evaluate processes, functions and forms so that the “information shared is

the same message received, is the same message sent.” Known as, “cognitive

matching2.”

• Identify and mitigate the human factor indicators within the Information

Technological processes and attributes that contribute to trust factors that

sustain reliable human networks.

• Leverage existing and previous experiments, exercises, & studies to assess the indicators, issues, and attributes of human interoperability.

• Identify requirements for the “backbone” or “platform” for social-behavioral tools, capabilities, M&S, etc. to be interoperable to other platform devices.

2 cognitive matching - the meaning of the communication elicited is the same as that intended.

Human Interoperability InitiativeHuman Interoperability InitiativeApproachApproach


What limits the present approaches?What limits the present approaches?

The architecture of traditional SOA:

– Most of the SOA technologies, processes, and infrastructure designed

for service providers not the service users (warfighters) directly; thus,

limiting the speed of application development, deployment, and

reconfiguration.

Lack of service-oriented system engineering techniques:

– DoD using traditional system engineering to design and develop SOA

applications at design phase. SOA applications need to composed by

humans at runtime; thus, demanding a runtime application of service-

oriented system engineering techniques.

Lack of a real-time SOA infrastructure and protocols:

– Real-time SOA must be guaranteed in military and mission-critical

domains. It currently has no real-time human interoperation SOA

infrastructure to support basic real-time computing.


PROCESS NOWUnderlying activities to get to

OODAActivities

GAPS in CapabilityEvolving Capability within the OODA / ToTE Framework provides a visual representation of required activities.

DecideAct

Orient

GIID ServiceMissile Warning / Missile Defense Integration

117 Service Required to support 100% of GIID Mission Thread

GIID ServiceMissile Warning / Missile Defense IntegrationGIID ServiceMissile Warning / Missile Defense Integration

117 Service Required to support 100% of GIID Mission Thread

Common Language Discovery

InteroperabilityDoD OGA

Req.A

Req.B

Req.C

Req.D

Req.E

Req.C

Req.F

Req.B

Req.E

System 1 System 2 System 3

Capability A Capability B Capability C

System Contribution, Supporting Systems Infrastructure

Outputs Performance Requirements

Integration Requirements

Functional Requirements

Associated Architectural Products

NGO

Policy &

Governance

Operational

CONOPS

De-confliction of language Inhibitors

http://wzus.ask.com/r?t=a&d=us&s=a&c=p&ti=1&ai=30751&l=dir&o=0&sv=0a300526&ip=8698f944&u=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.phillyburbs.com%2F2005%2F08%2F28%2FHURRICANE_KATRINA2.jpg


Summary

System DevelopersPSU/APL/ORNL

AssessmentWorkspace 1

Databases

Data Network

Hub

Analyst 1

Databases

Router

Analyst 2 Analyst 3

AssessmentWorkspace 2

Assessment Workspace 3

Reports

Reports

Reports

Transport Layers

Firewall

Reports

Reports

Reports

User ProfilingCognitive Matching

HBSC ToolVIBES

IBAC SCHEME

THEMEDEVELOPMENT

System DevelopersArmy G-2/Alion/CMU

Assimilation of Assessments

Service Oriented Architecture

Biometrics

ISRCollection

25%

VIZ

Pro

file

COMMON USER

INTERFACE

Search Term

Ø A

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Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled Environments