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www.innorenew.euInnoRenew CoEInnoRenew CoE
Livade 6, 6310 Izola/Isola, Slovenia, T: +386 40 282 944, E: [email protected], www.innorenew.eu
Perspectives on wood, key research areas, and interdisciplinary approaches
Human health in the built environment
Michael Burnard Deputy Director, InnoRenew CoEAssistant Professor, University of [email protected]+386 (0) 31 427 672
Drivers for Wood Construction24 & 25 September 2019
Joensuu, Finland
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
www.innorenew.euInnoRenew CoE
Why buildings and wood?
… and health?
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Urbanisation. Sustainability. Changing demographics.
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We will build 1 New York City worth of buildings each month until 2050Massive material, energy, and carbon impacts…
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 4
URBANISATION
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Sustainability
• Carbon neutral?• Restorative?• Regenerative?
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Demographics
• Ageing society
by 2050 population over 65 years to increase by 70% and over 80 by
170 %
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Buildings must be adapted (adaptable?) to support older adults.
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Solutions to these issues are inseparable.
All impact the health and wellbeing of occupants.
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We have a problem with buildings…
• Clear association between buildings, urban environments, and health
• More time in urban environments• People spend most of their time
indoors
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 8
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Health impacts in buildings• Environmental
quality• Stress (work,
social, etc.)• Sedentary
behavior & activity• Accessibility, etc.
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Nature is important…
• Evidence of connection between human health & exposure to nature
• Sustainability• Social wellbeing• Economics
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Finding a solution• Connect people with nature where they are most
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Is this enough?
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Wood and Human health
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Stress
• Stress is a public health concern• Physiological responses
to stressors can have long-term damaging health effects• Work stress is a key
contributor to chronic stress
McEwan, 1998
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
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Restoration, Recovery
• Recover a depleted resource• Ability to focus
attention• Physical recovery?• Stress is a useful
indicator and serious health problem.
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
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What is restoration?
• The relationship between restoration and nature is theoretically grounded in environmental psychology
• The concept of restoration is important... restoration is:
a process of renewal that replenishes a depleted social, psychological, or physical resource (Hartig, 2004)
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Stress & Restoration• People are known to recover from
stress more quickly in natureTyrväinen et al., 2014
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
• But… people spend 80-90 % of their time indoors, separated from nature.USGBC, 2010
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Wood & Nature … is naturalness enough?
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
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NaturalnessSolid wood consistently rated as more natural than other materials.Apparent degree of transformation seems related to naturalness rating.
Steel, milled surface
Plastic, polished
Steel, painted white
Ceramic tile, white
Woven fabric
Wallpaper, white
Painted MDF (white)
Woven wool fabric
MDF, untreated
WPC, growth rings
Particleboard
Leather, untreated
Painted planed pine (white)
Cork
OSB
MDF, growth rings, white
Ash, HW, untreated
Brick tile
Clear pine, planed
Stone tile, untreated
Knotty pine, planed
Clear pine, rough sawn
1 2 3 4 5 6 7Mean rating
Spec
imen
CountryFinland
Norway
Slovenia
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NaturalnessTo
p 5
Bott
om 5
(Burnard et al., 2017)
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Can wood have a positive health impact?
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Stress response & recovery: an experiment
• Simulated offices– 2 rooms – Each room was divided in two parts (control, wood)
– Each part was 2.5 m x 2.5 m– Each had identical furniture, apart
from material
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
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• Within subjects design– Each subject was tested once in each
section of a room (control, wood)– 75 minutes, monitor cortisol and
heart rate, includes a stressor, and a measure of mood/wellbeing between tests (one week apart)
Stress response & recovery: an experiment
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
www.innorenew.euInnoRenew CoE
Stress response & recovery: an experiment
• Efforts to control room conditions worked... Lighting kept constant, lux at desk level varied. Walnut room was noticeably darker. May have effected results.
• Interaction with other environmental states is important!
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
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Stress response & recovery: an experiment
• Cortisol concentration lower in the oak room than its control room.
• No difference in walnut room.• No difference in recovery/restoration.
Burnard, M., Kutnar, A. 2019. Human stress responses in office-like environments with wood furniture. Build. Res. Inf. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2019.1660609
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
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Stress response & recovery: an experiment
• Specific material characteristics that lead to different responses remain unknown.
• Expected effect size is small in short period of time – hard to detect reliably.
• The experiment was not long enough to gain a full picture of restoration & recovery.
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574
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Restorative by design?
• Biophilic design & Restorative Environmental Design are building design paradigms that seek to bring nature, and its restorative effects indoors.
(Kellert et al., 2008; Derr & Kellert, 2013)
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Moving forward…
• Restorative Environmental and Ergonomic Design– InnoRenew CoE system of
applying Renewable Materials in the built environment for Health, Sustainability, Social, and Economic Wellbeing
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 28
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Moving forward…
• Restorative Environmental and Ergonomic Design–Merge wider health concerns:• Indoor environmental quality• Activity & ergonomics• Ambient assisted living, Active
Healthy Ageing
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 29
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A few other things…
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InnoRenew CoE
• New research organization in Slovenia specializing in renewable materials research–Wood modification– Restorative environmental and ergonomic design
• 6 research groups• 54 employees / Strong international representation (~55 %
research staff from abroad)
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 31
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Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 32
RESE
ARCH
GROU
PS
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Wood, preferences, cognition, & mental wellbeingFundamental human response to wood/built environment
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 33
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Wood functions & VOCsCharacterise VOCs (from RM, processing) effects on humans, beginning at the cellular level
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 34
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Ergonomic design of space and furniture
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 35
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Ambient Assisted Living - Active & Healthy Aging
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 36
www.innorenew.euInnoRenew CoE Some on going work…
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 37
www.innorenew.euInnoRenew CoE Some on going work…
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 38
Fall & presence detection
PoplitealHeight
Thigh Thickness
Elbow Height Sitting
Shoulder Height Sitting
Subscapular Height
Hip Width
Buttock-Popliteal Length
School furniture fitting – big problem!
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Resources• Regenerative
sustainability:– bring tools, practices, and
knowledge together to create a truly sustainable society
– http://eurestore.eu
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 39
STSMs available!
Latest publication:Regenerative Construction and Operation
Now available.
More publications…
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Resources• NEW PUBLICATION! State
of the Art in solutions for older adults.
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 40
STSMs available!
• Ambient assisted living–Merge disciplines (design,
health, digital) to improve independent living for older adults
– http://sheld-on.eu
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Where to learn more… (tell your undergraduate friends)
• University of Primorska– Faculty of mathematics, natural
sciences, information technology• Sustainable Built
Environments Master’s degree programme
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 41
https://www.famnit.upr.si/en/education/master/built-environment
www.innorenew.euInnoRenew CoEInnoRenew CoE
Livade 6, 6310 Izola/Isola, Slovenia, T: +386 40 282 944, E: [email protected], www.innorenew.eu
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union; H2020 WIDESPREAD-2-Teaming: #739574 42
Thank you for your time!
Please consider joining us in March! https://conf.innorenew.eu/iric2020
www.innorenew.euInnoRenew CoE
References• McEwen, Bruce S. 1998. “Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators.” Edited by Jeffrey S. Flier and Lisa H. Underhill. New
England Journal of Medicine 338 (3): 171–79. doi:10.1056/NEJM199801153380307.• Tyrväinen, Liisa, Ann Ojala, Kalevi Korpela, Timo Lanki, Yuko Tsunetsugu, and Takahide Kagawa. 2014. “The Influence of Urban Green
Environments on Stress Relief Measures: A Field Experiment.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 38. Elsevier Ltd: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.005.
• USGBC. 2010. Green building and LEED core concepts. USGBC United States Green Building Council (USGBC), Washington, DC• Burnard, Michael, and Andreja Kutnar. 2015. “Wood and Human Stress in the Built Indoor Environment: A Review.” Wood Science and
Technology 49 (5). Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 969–86. doi:10.1007/s00226-015-0747-3.• Hartig, Terry. 2004. “Toward Understanding the Restorative Environment as a Health Resource.” Engaging with the environment.
Edinburgh, 2004. OPENspace Research Centre. http://www.openspace.eca.ac.uk/conference/proceedings/PDF/Hartig.pdf• Kaplan R, Kaplan S. 1989. The experience of nature: a psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge• Ulrich R, Simons R, Losito B, Fiorito E, Miles M, Zelson M. 1991. Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments.
Journal of Environmental Psychology 11(3):201–230• Wilson, E. O. 1984. Biophilia. Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674074422&content=reviews
www.innorenew.euInnoRenew CoE
References• Kellert SR, Heerwagen JH, Mador ML. 2008. Biophilic design: the theory, science and practice of bringing buildings to life, 1st edn. Wiley,
Hoboken• Derr V, Kellert SR. 2013. Making children’s environments ‘‘R.E.D.’’: restorative environmental design and its relationship to sustainable
design. In: Pavlides E, Wells J (eds) Proceedings of the 44th annual conference of the environmental design research association. Providence, Rhode Island, 29 May–1 June 2013
• Fell D. 2010. Wood in the human environment: restorative properties of wood in the built indoor environment. PhD Dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
• Burnard, Michael, Anders Q. Nyrud, Kristian Bysheim, Andreja Kutnar, Katja Vahtikari, and Mark Hughes. 2017. “Building Material Naturalness: Perceptions from Finland, Norway and Slovenia.” Indoor and Built Environment 26 (1): 92–107. doi:10.1177/1420326X15605162.
• Burnard, Michael. 2017. “Bio-Based Materials and Human Well-Being in the Built Environment.” In Performance of Bio-Based Materials, edited by Dennis Jones and Christian Brischke, 1st ed., 365–72. Duxford: Woodhead Publishing.
• Burnard, M. D., & Kutnar, A. (2019). Human stress responses in office-like environments with wood furniture. Building Research & Information, 0(0), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2019.1660609