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Human Genetic Disorders and Pedigrees. Christopherson. 46 TOTAL 23 homologous pairs. Human Genetics: Karyotypes. 46 TOTAL 23 homologous pairs. Sex Chromosomes. 2 sex chromosomes Typical Female = XX Typical Male = XY. Autosomes. Autosomes: Any chromosome that’s not a sex chromosome - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Human Genetic Disorders and Pedigrees
Christopherson
Human Genetics: Karyotypes
46 TOTAL
23 homologous
pairs
46 TOTAL
23 homologous
pairs
Sex Chromosomes
• 2 sex chromosomes• Typical Female = XX• Typical Male = XY
Autosomes
Autosomes: Any
chromosome that’s not a sex chromosome
•44 Autosomes•22 pairs of Autosomes
Recessive Disorder
Caused by 2 recessive alleles
Albinism
Defect of melanin production that results in little or no color in the skin, hair, and eyes
Albinism
Albinism
How does it
happen?
Affected Genotype:
aa
Cystic FibrosisDisease that causes the body to produce unusually thick, sticky mucus that:
•Clogs the lungs and leads to
lung infections • Obstructs the pancreas
• Stops natural enzymes from helping the body break down and absorb food
How does it
happen?
Affected Genotype:
cc
Sickle Cell Anemia
Caused by an abnormal hemoglobin shape which causes the red blood cells to have a crescent shape.
Red blood cells carry oxygen.
How does it
happen?
Affected Genotype:
ss
Dominant Disorder
Caused by a dominant allele
Affected individuals are homozygous dominant or
heterozygous
Huntington’s Disease
Causes the break down of brain cells, (neurons) in certain areas of the brain.
Causes uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual faculties, and emotional disturbance.
How does it
happen?
Affected Genotype: HH or Hh
Sex-Linked Disorder
Linked to sex chromosomes
Recessive Disorders – caused by recessive alleles
Color Blindness
Inability to see colors in the normal way
How does it happen?
Affected Genotypes:
XbXb
XbY
HemophiliaInability of the blood to clot properly
How does it happen?
Affected Genotypes:
XhXh
XhY
What is a Pedigree???
Diagram showing a family tree and patterns of inheritance.
Types of Pedigrees: Recessive
Affected Genotypes: bb
Unaffected Genotypes: BB or Bb
HINT: Recessive Disorders skip generations
Is the Pedigree below showing Recessive Inheritance?
Recessive Inheritance?
Recessive Inheritance?
Types of Pedigrees: Sex-linked
Affected Genotypes: XbXb or XbY
Unaffected Genotypes: XBXB or XBXb and XBY
HINT: Mainly males are affected
Is the Pedigree below showing Sex-Linked Inheritance?
Sex-linked Inheritance?
Sex-linked Inheritance?
Types of Pedigrees: Dominant
Affected Genotypes: BB or Bb
Unaffected Genotypes: bb
Is the Pedigree below showing Dominant Inheritance?
Dominant Inheritance?
Dominant Inheritance?
How many generations?What is genotype of Individual I-1?What type of Inheritance?
How many generations?What is genotype of Individual I-1?What type of Inheritance?