Human Excreta Management

7/31/2019 Human Excreta Management

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GROUP TEN

HUMAN EXCRETA MANAGEMENT INKUMASI


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OVERVIEW OF THEPRESENTATION

Introduction

The problem

Literature on how others have solved

the problem

Attempts to solve the problem

Recommendation

Conclusion

References


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INTRODUCTION

Operational definition of terms Human is a child, man or woman of the species of the

Homo sapiens

Excreta are substances that are eliminated from the

human body as a result of metabolism. For example:faeces and urine

Management is the act of handling or controllingsomething successful

Sludge is a thick, soft, wet mud or a similar substancewhich can be a dirty oil or an industrial waste


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INTRODUCTION CONT

Poor excreta management is a major cause of manydiseases in Kumasi.

In Ghana, about 80% of all OPD cases are water andsanitation related (Ghana Statistical Services) of which

enteric fever and diarrhoeal diseases are inclusive.

Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly landfill with faecaltreatment plant has been established for liquid and solidwaste management.

It is located at Oti in Dompoase, near Kaase in Kumasiwhere faecal sludge services have been effectivelyimplanted to take care of human waste and itsmanagement. Hence, reducing the transmission ofinfections(water and sanitation related)


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INTRODUCTION CONT

Public toilets are built at places of heavypublic activity to create convenience.

According to KMA by-laws, every four

living rooms in compound houses shouldbe entitled to at least one well-maintained toilet facility to reducepressure at public toilet facilities.

Good excreta management is necessaryto promote good health, and generateenergy and income.


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Introduction cont

The ideal situations for proper wastemanagement includes

Every household should have a well-maintained water closet.

Every house should have a goodsewage system which is drainedregularly.

Faecal sludge should be deposited atappropriate sites created.

Sludge should be well-treated beforebeing discharged into water bodies toprevent diseases


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THE PROBLEM

Open defaecation: faeces are disposed off infields, forest, bushes open water bodies andbeaches.

Pit and bucket latrines: this is a type of latrinewhich is constructed by digging a hole orinstituting a bucket which is used in place of thepit to receive faeces. This type poses a threat topublic health by the release of large amounts ofmicroorganisms to the environment.

Untreated faecal sludge discharged into waterbodies cause problems such as typhoid fever,cholera, giardiasis and worm infestations.


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http://www.africanews.com/documents/3b/8e/3b8eacc4cd27497272ae3f1e3192f684.jpg


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SANITATION LADDER

This is classified based on the sustainabilityand maintenance of the facility, its healthimplications and effects on the environment.

Open defaecation

Unimproved sanitation facilities. Eg pitlatrines without a slab or platform, bucketlatrines.

Shared sanitation facilities

public KVIPs

Improved sanitation facilities

Septic tank, piped sewer system, flush or pourflush.


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Acceptable practices

Shared sanitation facilities:These are shared between two or more households. Eg

public KVIP

Improved sanitation facilities:

these ensure that flies and other insects do not gainaccess to the waste.

They also ensure hygienic way of waste management.

Septic tank

Piped sewer system

Flush or pour flashComposting latrine

Improved KVIPs


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Previous Attempts made to solvethe problem

Attempts have been made to recyclethe waste at KMA landfill into useful

products, but have not beenimplemented yet.

Nsutaman secondary school uses the

biomass to generate electricity.


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ATTEMPT TO SOLVE THEPROBLEM

KMA has established a department known aslandfill for liquid waste management such asexcreta

By-laws instituted by KMA to reduce poorwaste management.

Siphoning of faecal sludge when necessary

Conventional sewage system at Asafo,Ahensan and Kyerepatre to treat the excreta.


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FAECAL OR SEPTICTREATMENT PLAN

KMA landfill has dug out ponds which are interconnected

by small pipes and regulated by gates.

Household septic tanks are siphoned by the tankervehicles to the site.

The liquid waste is emptied into the anaerobic pondwhich is about 2m deep.

The sludge settles and the liquid remains on top.

A part of the liquid forms a foamy substance called

scum. Scum prevents air (oxygen) from penetrating to the

bottom of the pond

This promotes the survival of anaerobic organismswhich break down the sludge


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Faecal or septic treatment plantcont facultative pond is shallow and operates

under sunlight Maturation pond contains clean liquid Frogs and other aquatic organisms can

survive in it. The contents are discharged into

distilling basin which flows through riverOda.

Plants that absorb and neutralizes theodour are planted around the area.

Ammonia produced prevents mosquitoesfrom breeding in the ponds.


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The stages of faecalprocessing


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RECOMMENDATION

Mass education on proper wastedisposal

especially on the sanitation ladder(the

various sanitation practices ) The establishments of composting

toilet facilities.

Environmental sanitation inspection

Enforcement of the by-laws

Establishment of biogas plants fromhousehold and industrial human

excreta.


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CONCLUSION

Proper excreta disposal andmanagement is the responsibility ofevery citizen.

It reduces the contamination of waterbodies, crops and vegetables.

It reduces the spread of diseases such

as typhoid fever and cholera.


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REFERENCES

Beddow V.(2010). Kumasi: SanitationStatus. Internet publicationhttp://www.iwawaterwiki.org

Environmental health officer ofZoomlion(ZL) company limited

Interview with Don Awantungo of KMA

landfill


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GROUP MEMBERS

Amadigwe Mary-Jane3777009

Bandoh Acheampomaa

3778209 Igbokwe Obianuju Nonyerem

3779509

Opare Sylvia Nana Yaa3780809

Owusu Vida 5956711

Sekyere Robertha

Documents

Human Excreta Management