Human Cloud Landscape 07 2015

Confidential Report –N

OT for Distribution | ©

2014 by Crain Comm

unications Inc. All rights reserved.

Human Cloud Landscape:

2015 Update

July 22, 2015David Francis, Research Associatedfrancis@

staffingindustry.com

Global

Human Cloud Landscape: 2015 U

pdate | July 22, 2015

PROPRIETARY DATA, DO

NO

T DISTRIBUTE O

UTSIDE YO

UR O

RGAN

IZATION

. Your company’s use of this report precludes distribution of its contents, in w

hole or in part, to other companies or individuals outside your organization in any form

–electronic, w

ritten or verbal –w

ithout the express written perm

ission of Staffing Industry Analysts. It is your organization’s responsibility to maintain and protect the confidentiality of this report.

Staffing Industry Analysts | 1975 W. El Cam

ino Real, Ste. 304 | Mountain View

, CA 94040 | 800.950.9496 | ww

w.staffingindustry.com


pdate

1

Key Findings•

The “Human Cloud” is an em

erging set of online/digital platforms that enable hirers and

workers to m

anage and complete (typically contingent) w

ork arrangements. W

e have form

ally defined three Human Cloud categories: O

nline Staffing Platforms, O

nline Work

Services, and Crowdsourcing.

•In 2014, com

panies processed between $8.9 and $11.1 billion in spend associated w

ith the Hum

an Cloud. By segment, O

nline Staffing Platforms processed betw

een $2.8 and $3.5 billion in spend, O

nline Work Services firm

s processed between $5.8 billion and $7.1 billion

in spend, and Crowdsourcing firm

s processed between $0.3 and $0.5 billion in spend in

2014.

•In this report w

e refer to “independent workers”, “contingent w

orkers”, “freelancers”, and “talent”, w

hich, in the context of this report, are terms all used to describe the sam

e thing: individuals w

ho complete w

ork through Human Cloud platform

s, regardless of their tax classification.

•Spend processed by Freelancer M

anagement System

s providers -a new sub-category of

Online Staffing -is included w

ithin our estimates of O

nline Staffing.

•U

nless noted otherwise, all currency in this report is presented in U

S dollars.

This report is a “bottom-up” look

at the state and evolution of the H

uman Cloud. It includes a list

of the largest Hum

an Cloud

platforms by total spend, as w

ell as spend estim

ates for various categories, such as by H

uman

Cloud segm

ent, work com

pleted onsite/rem

otely, and spend on B

2B/B

2C. Firm

s not on the largest list w

ho feel they should have been are encouraged to contact Staffing Industry A

nalysts.

The second half of the report contains a list of com

panies used to m

ake the estimates you’ll find

herein, along with the w

ebsites and a brief description of each.

Many thanks to the providers

who offered their

encouragement and assistance

in this year's report process.





2015 by Crain Comm


The Human Cloud: W

hat it is (and what it is not)

2

•The Hum

an Cloud is an emerging set of w

ork intermediation

models that enable w

ork arrangements of various kinds to be

established and completed (including paym

ent of workers)

entirely through a digital/online platform. In m

any cases (though not alw

ays), the platform also supports the enactm

ent and m

anagement of the w

ork to a lesser or greater degree.

•Com

panies that provide job boards (such as Monster and

LinkedIn) do not fall within our definition of the Hum

an Cloud; the talent exchange platform

s offered by such companies m

ay support sourcing and recruiting but do not further support w

ork arrangem

ents through to their completion (including paym

ent of w

orkers, tax filings, etc.).

•As seen to the right, although there are other types of talent acquisition technology platform

s (ATS and VMS, for exam

ple1,2),

not all such platforms are part of the “Hum

an Cloud.” A VMS is

a technology to manage vendors (as opposed to m

anaging hum

ans directly), while an ATS is a technology to m

anage a specific part of the w

ork arrangement -hiring/onboarding.

While not part of the Hum

an Cloud, they are part of Staffing Industry Analysts’ broader ecosystem

of workforce solutions,

and are covered in greater detail in separate reports.

1. ATS: Applicant tracking system. Technology platform

s for managing the application process of applicants/candidates, usually for non-contingent em

ployees.2. VM

S: Vendor managem

ent system. Technology for m

anaging the procurement of contingent w

orkers via vendors (e.g. staffing suppliers).

Staffing Industry Analysts’ Workforce Solutions Ecosystem

Source: Staffing Industry Analysts





2015 by Crain Comm


The three categories of the Human Cloud

3

•At their core, Hum

an Cloud platforms enable hirers to find and

engage independent workers to transact and com

plete various kinds of w

ork, typically of a contingent nature, which can be

completed rem

otely or in person. Although this description is sim

ple, it is the DNA that links together the variety of com

panies that m

ake up the Human Cloud.

•For illustrative purposes, w

e have included in the diagram on the

right examples of som

e brands that fall within the Hum

an Cloud. W

e have defined three categories of Human Cloud platform

m

odels: Online Staffing Platform

s, Crowdsourcing, and O

nline W

ork Services(described in detail on pages 10, 12, and 13, respectively). These categories are not m

utually exclusive. As m

any companies seem

to “blend” models, they m

ay be better thought of as existing along a spectrum

than as existing within

three discrete segments.

•Despite the fram

ework, the Hum

an Cloud is fluid, evolving, and still in its infancy, w

ith providers constantly experimenting w

ith new

delivery models and adding or elim

inating various services. Such is the nature of innovation, and the Hum

an Cloud is nothing if not innovative.


How the

work is

organized

What the

client getsLabor

relationshipService output

Online

StaffingPlatform

s

Crowdsourcing

OnlineW

ork Services

UpW

orkFreelancerPeoplePerHourM

BA&Co

UpCounsel

Freelance Physician

Uber

Visual.lyTongalLiveO

ps

Mechanical Turk

Gigwalk

Crowdsource

Crowdflow

er

Work M

arketField N

ation

99DesignsFiverr

The Human Cloud fram

ework and taxonom

y

Individual w

orker(s)

A “crowd”





2015 by Crain Comm


2014 Human Cloud Platform

Spend by Model and W

ork Location ($ billions)O

nline StaffingCrow

dsourcingO

nline ServicesHum

an Cloud TotalM

inM

axM

inM

axM

inM

axM

inM

axB2B (Total)

2.633.24

0.290.48

0.310.62

3.24.3

Onsite

0.410.50

0.030.06

0.030.05

0.50.6

Remote

2.222.73

0.260.42

0.280.57

2.83.7

B2C (Total)0.18

0.280.00

0.035.48

6.515.7

6.8O

nsite0.18

0.230.00

<.035.48

6.485.7

6.7Rem

ote0.00

0.050.00

<.030.00

0.030.0

0.1Total (B2B + B2C)

2.83.5

0.30.5

5.87.1

8.911.1

Gross spend of Human Cloud m

arket

4

•The table to the right further breaks dow

n spend by where the w

ork was

performed (onsite or rem

ote).

•The follow

ing page shows the

largest Human Cloud businesses of 2014.

Platform spend (to scale), 2014, $billions

B2BB2C

Crowdsourcing

$0.3-$0.5

•To the right is an illustration draw

n to scale based on the midpoint of

the estimated range of spend in each Hum

an Cloud category. While the

illustration is otherwise draw

n to scale, the intersections of the circles (representing m

odels that blend more than one category) are not

necessarily drawn to scale. W

e define spend as the money paid to

workers plus any platform

fee for facilitating the transaction (in w

hatever form the fee takes: m

arkup, SaaS licensing fee, deduction from

pay, payment for credits, etc.).

•O


s accounted for more than half of all Hum

an Cloud spend in 2014, w

ith B2C (business-to-consumer) services

comprising m

ost of that spend. Two B2C O

nline Work Services

companies, U

ber (US, taxi drivers) and Didi-Kuaidi(China, taxi drivers),

together accounted for over a third of all Human Cloud spend in 2014.

•As there is an unknow

n number of providers that are not accounted

for, we provided a m

inimum

and maxim

um spend estim

ate for each category. Cum

ulatively, the Human Cloud processed betw

een $8.9-$11.1 billion in transactions in 2014, by our estim

ate.



Online Staffing Platform

s$2.8-$3.5

Online W

ork Services

$5.8-$7.1



5Confidential Report –

NO

T for Distribution | ©2015 by Crain Com

munications Inc. All rights reserved.

5

Largest companies by 2014 global Hum

an Cloud spend

1. Revenue converted to USD using average of published exchange rates betw

een Jan 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014

2. Excludes non-Human Cloud revenue


RankCom

pany

2014 G

ross Spend ($m

illions)

Primary

Human Cloud

Business Model

Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odel

Head-quarters (country)

Year Founded

1U

ber2,700

Online

Work Services

Onsite

B2CU

SA2009

2DidiKuaidi 1

2,000O

nlineW

ork ServicesO

nsiteB2C

China2012

3U

pWork

941O

nline StaffingRem

oteB2B

USA

19994

Gerson Lehrman

Group2

315O

nline StaffingRem

oteB2B

USA

19985

MBO

Partners 2300

Online Staffing (FM

S)M

ixB2B

USA

19866

Lyft140

Online

Work Services

Onsite

B2CU

SA2012

7O

la1

114O

nlineW

ork ServicesO

nsiteB2C

India2010

8Care.com

2111

Online Staffing

Onsite

B2CU

SA2006

9Instacart

105O

nlineW

ork ServicesO

nsiteB2C

USA

201210

LiveOps

100O

nlineW

ork ServicesRem

oteB2B

USA

200011

Freelancer 194

Online Staffing

Remote

B2BAustralia

200912

Gigwalk

80Crow

dsourcingO

nsiteB2B

USA

200913

Zhubajie1

64O

nline StaffingRem

oteB2B

China2006

14Field N

ation61

Online Staffing

(FMS)

Onsite

B2BU

SA2008

15Freelance.com

156

Online Staffing

Remote

B2BFrance

199616

Handy52

Online

Work Services

Onsite

B2CU

SA2012

17W

ork Market

51O

nline Staffing (FMS)

Onsite

B2BU

SA2010

18TopCoder

40Crow

dsourcingRem

oteB2B

USA

200119

Toptal38

Online Staffing

Remote

B2BU

SA2010

20O

ne Hour Translation35

Online W

orkServices

Remote

B2BU

SA2009

20O

nForce35

Online Staffing (FM

S)O

nsiteB2B

USA

200422

PeoplePerHour 131

Online Staffing

Remote

B2BU

K2007

23Thum

btack30

Online Staffing

Onsite

B2CU

SA2008

24Angie’s List

27O

nline StaffingO

nsiteB2C

USA

199525

Crowdsource

>25Crow

dsourcingRem

oteB2B

USA

201025

Lancers 1>25

Crowdsourcing

Remote

B2BJapan

200825

Twago

1>25

Online Staffing

Onsite

B2BGerm

any2009





2015 by Crain Comm


Num

ber of Human Cloud com

panies now exceeds 300

6

•The graph to the right show

s the cumulative grow

th of Human Cloud

companies. As of 2014, w

e are aware of m

ore than 300 worldw

ide, and there are likely dozens -if not hundreds -m

ore that have not yet m

ade it onto our radar.

0 50

100

150

200

250

300

350

19941996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014

Cumulative grow

th of Human Cloud com

panies, 1994-2014






2015 by Crain Comm


Online staffing

Crowdsourcing

Online services

Recent surge in Human Cloud com

panies

7

•W

hile the previous page showed the cum

ulative growth of the

number of Hum

an Cloud companies, the graph to the right show

s the num

ber of new platform

s segmented by prim

ary Human Cloud

model. In a w

ay, it also tells the Human Cloud story.

•The Hum

an Cloud is not new. In fact, it w

as there in the early stages of the internet. Then, a few

years after the dot.com bust, 2005-

2006 saw a spike in the num

ber of platforms; m

any of these com

panies were Chinese “W

itkeys”1, w

hich began appearing around 2005.

•The num

ber of Online Staffing Platform

s has been growing robustly

for the past 10 years, with a large spike in the num

ber of new

companies in 2011-2012.

•Recently, O


s have exploded in popularity, particularly in the B2C segm

ent. While these com

panies remain

fewer in num

ber than those making up the other tw

o Human Cloud

segments, they now

make up the m

ajority of Human Cloud spend.

Not surprisingly, the grow

th in the number of these platform

s m

irrors the growth of global sm

artphone sales, as mobile devices

enable the business model these platform

s are now typically built

on (often app-based matching). The success of O

nline Work

Services firms has given rise to their ow

n media-friendly vernacular

for describing these companies and their im

pact, i.e. the “on-dem

and economy”, “gig econom

y”, “sharing economy”, “freelance

economy”, and “the ‘U

ber’ of [insert service here]”.

1. Witkeysare the Chinese variant of online staffing/crow

dsourcing platforms. They are bustling

marketplaces w

here business and consumers can sell and buy services (typically labor), ranging

from professional business services to personal consum

er services.

12

58

68

2839

62

8489

New Hum

an Cloud platforms, 1993-2014


Early internet

Elance/ Guru.com

founded

Dot.com

bust

Apple releases iPhone

Uber

founded

122

139 172

297

472

680

970

1,245

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Global smartphone sales (m

illions of units), 2007-2014

Source: Statista





2015 by Crain Comm


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

19971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

2014*

Developed economies

All nationsEm

erging economies

Internet access: a growth driver of the Hum

an Cloud

8

•The chart to the right show

s the growth in internet

penetration in developed economies and em

erging economies

from 1997-2014. W

hile developed economies m

ay be reaching the point of saturation in term

s of internet penetration, em

erging economies still have substantial room

to grow.

•Since the internet is the very foundation upon w

hich the Hum

an Cloud is built, it’s not a stretch that an increasing num

ber of people with internet access w

ill drive greater usage in the Hum

an Cloud. More users in m

ore regions means m

ore w

ays for hirers and workers to connect w

ith one another. Furtherm

ore, once connected, through various online education platform

s, the newly internet-enabled around the

world m

ay have greater means to develop skills they need to

find work (both in and out of the Hum

an Cloud), contributing to further grow

th by increasing the average skill level of the global w

orkforce and aligning it more closely w

ith skills most

in demand.

•Hum

an Cloud businesses focusing on remote w

ork should especially benefit from

the rapid improvem

ents in internet access in low

er-wage, developing econom

ies.

Source: International Telecomm

unications Union

*2014 is a projection

Internet penetration rate, 1997 –2014P





2015 by Crain Comm


Human Cloud spans the globe, but m

ajority of platforms based in U

SA & China

040

80120

160

India

Israel

Japan

Germ

any

France

Australia

Canada

UK

China

USA

Online Staffing Platform

sCrow

dsourcingO

nline Work Services

9

•In total, 28 countries w

ere home to at least one Hum

an Cloud com

pany. The chart to the right shows the top ten countries by

number of Hum

an Cloud companies headquartered in those

countries. The two largesteconom

ies in the world by GDP (U

SA and China) are hom

e to the most Hum

an Cloud companies.

•Rem

ote work locations m

ake up a substantial portion of the Hum

an Cloud market, especially in B2B service (as show

n on the table on page 4). Because rem

ote workers can theoretically

complete w

ork from virtually anyw

here in the world w

ith an internet connection, a platform

’s home country need not

dictate the source of supply and demand. W

hile Human Cloud

companies handling rem

ote work tend to be headquartered in

countries with large econom

ies (as are Human Cloud

companies in general), they create avenues for people to

perform w

ork from alm

ost anywhere, especially countries w

ith cheaper labor but the skills required to com

plete a task. For exam

ple, US-based U

pWork

noted that after the US, its largest

countries in worker earnings from

April 2014 –M

arch 2015 w

ere India, the Philippines, the Ukraine, and Pakistan.

Top ten countries by number of Hum

an Cloud companies






2015 by Crain Comm


Online Staffing: From

recruiters to platforms

10

•O

nline Staffing is the oldest Human Cloud segm

ent, with the

earliest providers coming into existence in the 1990’s. It is a

Human Cloud m

odel that enables specific hirers and specific (typically contingent) w

orkers to enter into, complete and

transact work arrangem

ents through an online or digital platform

. There is a direct legal relationship between the hirer

and worker, w

hich the platform enables.

•There are a w

ide variety of Online Staffing Platform

s (more than

160 firms in this report appeared to have online staffing as their

primary m

odel), enabling an enormous variety of w

ork types (onsite/rem

ote, professional/comm

ercial, project-based/hourly engagem

ents, etc.). Some of the largest O

nline Staffing Platforms

are US-based U

pWork, Australia-based Freelancer.com

, and China-based Zhubajie

(branded “WitM

art” in the West).

•Essentially, O

nline Staffing Platforms are independent w

orker “m

arketplaces” where hirers can find and engage the w

orker(s) they need for specific w

ork arrangements. The outcom

e of an online staffing engagem

ent is most often a one-to-one labor

relationship. While the vast m

ajority of online staffing businesses are B2B, a select few

platforms m

arket their services primarily to

consumers (ArtCorgi, Care.com

, CoachMarket, M

aven.co, Thum

btack).

•By our estim

ates, the Online Staffing segm

ent processed betw

een $2.8 and $3.5 billion in spend in 2014.

Online staffing

platformM

arketplace of w

orkers

Hirers (businesses/ consum

ers)

Online Staffing’s labor m

arketplace

Can be comprised of a

variety of occupations, skill sets, geo-locations, etc. W

orkers often have searchable profiles and

ratings/work history.

Businesses or individuals w

ho need w

ork done. M

ay be looking for project-based

workers or hourly

workers, local or rem

ote, etc.

Matches the tw

o parties through

searchable database; result

is direct labor relationship.

Facilitates rest of transaction through to paym

ent of w

orker(s).





2015 by Crain Comm


FMS: Bringing the Hum

an Cloud to large enterprises

11

•A Freelancer M

anagement System

(FMS) presents a special

flavor of Online Staffing Platform

s. It came about to address the

needs of large organizations that wanted an enterprise-level

tool for managing, organizing, and engaging their independent

workforce w

hile minim

izing the risk of doing so. As one exam

ple illustrated to the right, Online Staffing Platform

U

pWork

created an FMS offering (U

pWork

Enterprise).

•Essentially, an FM

S gives large corporations a way to m

anage their independent w

orkforce, whether those w

orkers are sourced through a provider’s m

arketplace or are provided by the enterprise itself (i.e. form

er employees, retirees,

consultants, “silver-medalist applicants”, etc.). It also provides

tools for tracking, managing, and reporting on such

engagements. Due to its sim

ilarities with O

nline Staffing, we

categorize FMS as a sub-segm

ent of Online Staffing, although

providers with prim

ary business models in other Hum

an Cloud segm

ents (e.g. Crowdsourcing firm

s such as Gigwalk

and Crow

dsource) offer an enterprise-level service as well.

•As the FM

S has found its way into large enterprises, VM

S providers (w

hich typically manage vendors, such as staffing

suppliers) have been looking for ways to w

ork with FM

S platform

s to provide a more com

prehensive CW m

anagement

technology. After its parent company Adecco purchased

OnForce

in 2014, Beeline -one of the largest VMS providers in

the world-integrated the platform

into its own VM

S as a “self-sourcing” option. IQ

Navigator, another VM

S provider, has announced a partnership w

ith Work M

arket.

From O

nline Staffing to FMS





2015 by Crain Comm


Crowdsourcing: Harnessing the pow

er of the masses to get w

ork done

12

•Crow

dsourcing is a now fairly w

ell-established model that enables w

ork assignm

ents to get parsed out and performed (often as disaggregated “m

icro-tasks”) by a far-flung “crow

d” of independent workers w

ho perform (paid or

otherwise com

pensated/incented) work at w

ill. Typically, the client of a “crow

dsourcing” platform is purchasing “an outcom

e”, not a labor relationship.

•In 2014, there w

ere more than 100 businesses in this segm

ent, with com

bined spend estim

ated between $0.3 and $0.5 billion w

orldwide. There are tw

o distinct delivery m

odels that crowdsourcing platform

s can take:•

Distributed micro task m

odel (e.g. Mechanical Turk,

Crowdsource.com

, GigWalk, ClickW

orker, Crowdflow

erl)•

Contest-based model (Fiverr, Innocentive, PreSans, Kaggle, TopCoder,

99Designs, Tongall)

•In the distributed m

icro-task model, projects are broken dow

n by the platform

provider into components, and then individually com

pleted piecemeal by a

“crowd” of (m

ost often) geographically dispersed workers, each w

orking independently. The results are uploaded back on to the platform

and aggregated into a finished solution or outcom

e that is then delivered to the client.

•In the contest-based delivery m

odel (comm

on for R&D projects, outsourced

innovation, design/creative projects and marketing cam

paigns), a client describes the solution or outcom

e it desires (a cure for AIDS, a new logo, an

algorithm that uses predictive m

odeling to forecast future insurance claims,

etc.), and posts it to the platform. Individuals and/or netw

orked teams around

the world then com

pete to solve the challenge, with “w

inner(s)” selected and com

pensated based on the merit of their subm

issions.

Distributed micro-task m

odel

Contest-based model





2015 by Crain Comm


Online W

ork Services: Managed by a platform

–delivered by freelancers

13

•O

nline Work Services is a Hum

an Cloud model that enables the

delivery of certain specialized services (customer service,

translation, writing, taxi rides, etc.) perform

ed by a managed group

of online workers organized by the platform

provider. The client is purchasing “an outcom

e”, not a labor relationship). Though the m

odel was launched by LiveO

ps in 2000, only recently have more

businesses (Rev, Uber, Postm

ates, Visual.ly et al) begun appearing in this segm

ent. In 2014, companies processed betw

een $5.8 and $7.1 billion in spend through O

nline Work Services.

•The com

mon DN

A of Online W

ork Services platforms is that they

offer a specialized service made possible by the labor of freelancers.

A company that sends its docum

ents to OneHourTranslation

to be translated, for exam

ple, does not search a marketplace (as w

ith O

nline Staffing) to find a qualified individual or team to do the w

ork. Instead, it looks to O

neHourTranslationto m

anage/organize the w

orkforce and deliver a finished product/service through its platform

.

•O

nline Work Services has experienced rapid grow

th in recent years, spurred on in large part by the m

eteoric rise of mobile-phone

enabled “localized” consumer service platform

s. Uber, an on-

demand taxi service and the m

ost well-know

n of such providers, had nearly as m

uch spend run through its platform as all O

nline Staffing providers com

bined in 2014. The success of that company has

helped lead to a myriad of im

itators (and a seemingly endless supply

of capital to fund them).

Online W

ork Services platform m

odel


Examples of O

nline Work Services providers

B2Bcom

paniesService delivered

LiveOps

Call CenterM

yCleanM

aid serviceO

neHourTranslationTranslation

TongalContent m

arketingB2C com

paniesService delivered

Curbside CareDoctors/N

Ps housecallsInstacart

Shopping deliveryU

berDrivers/taxis

Washio

Laundry cleaners





2015 by Crain Comm


Investors have “made it rain” on the Hum

an Cloud; what if the rain stops?

14

•The Hum

an Cloud has become a darling of investors around the w

orld, w

ith some of the biggest nam

es in technology and venture capital throw

ing money at it. The chart to the right show

s the cumulative

fundraising of a sampling of Hum

an Cloud companies. These

investments have allow

ed many platform

s to rapidly scale up.

•All of this funding has led to lofty valuations. U

ber, for example -a

company only six years old –

is currently valued at more than the

combined m

arket capitalization of the world’s three largest staffing

firms (Adecco, Randstad, and M

anpower). Som

e argue that these valuations are a sign of a tech bubble that w

ill inevitably “burst”, with

Human Cloud com

panies vaporizing in Pets.com fashion. W

hat would

happen to the Human Cloud if the “rain stops” and the flow

of venture capital dries up like a California sum

mer?

•Adm

ittedly, in most industries, there are typically com

panies that do w

ell and companies that go out of business. This is also true of Hum

an Cloud platform

s (and we have already observed a fair share sink into

mem

ory; e.g. Homejoy

1). Unlike com

panies of the dot-com era,

however, Hum

an Cloud platforms already collectively generate billions

of dollars of revenue per year, while continuing to grow

at an astonishing rate. W

hile many com

panies appear to be sacrificing current profits in return for grow

th in users and market share, arguably,

they also have sufficient revenues and traction to sustain themselves.

In our view, the Human Cloud w

ould live on if investment slow

s, though it w

ould be a bit less crowded.

Company

Cumulative

investment

($millions)

Uber

5,908DidiKuaidi

3,417Lyft

1,012O

la677

Ele.me

455Instacart

275Gerson Lehrm

an Group200

UpW

ork169

Thumbtack

148M

unchery125

Care.com111

LiveOps

81Applause

81Shyp

62Fiverr

61Handy

61DoorDash

60Postm

ates58

Sprig57

Grofers46

Homejoy

140

HealthTap38

TaskRabbit38

Zirx36

Work M

arket35

Innocentive30

CrowdFlow

er28

Luxe26

Source: Crunchbase.com, Staffing Industry Analysts

Outside funds raised by Hum

an Cloud companies

1. http://blog.homejoy.com

/homejoy-says-goodbye/





2015 by Crain Comm


How concentrated (or fragm

ented) can the landscape become?

15

•Here w

e look at three scenarios for the future landscape of the Human Cloud. In one, a handful of m

assive players dominate the

market. In the second scenario, the Hum

an Cloud consists of hundreds or thousands of small, vertically-oriented com

panies that each service their ow

n niche. Finally, our third scenario presents a hybrid theory.

•Dom

inant marketplace theory: N

etworks becom

e stronger as the number of connected nodes grow

s, and typically need to reach som

e level of “critical mass” to becom

e viable. Likewise, having m

ultiple marketplaces is duplicative and w

asteful (like building two

sets of phone lines). Thus, the best Human Cloud platform

s will be those w

ith the most w

orkers/users. This theory suggests that the com

petitive landscape will revolve around becom

ing the largest marketplace, perhaps com

bining with com

petitors or subsuming

smaller com

petitors, until a single firm or handful of players dom

inates the space. It is a winner-takes-all vision of the future. Evidence

to support this theory is Freelancer.com’saggressive acquisition strategy (the com

pany has grown largely through acquiring

competitors, and has m

ade at least 10 acquisitions to date), the Elance-oDeskm

erger in 2013 (in which the then tw

o largest Online

Staffing Platforms in the w

orld combined, later rebranded as U

pWork), and the Didi-Kuaidim

erger in 2015 (in which the tw

o largest O

nline Work Services providers in China com

bined, to a now reported 80%

market share in that country) 1.

•Thousand “nichey” players theory: The netw

ork effect exists, but “work” is too broad of a category to be encom

passed and mastered

by any one platform. Specialized providers w

ill be better able to source the best workers and support the w

orkflow processes that are

unique to a specific work vertical (i.e. bartenders and physicians shouldn’t be sourced/m

anaged by/from the sam

e platform as the

work they do is vastly different). This theory suggests that each possible type of w

ork will have its ow

n platform or app. Evidence to

support this theory includes the composition of the staffing industry (w

hich is relatively fragmented), the current proliferation of

Human Cloud platform

s (in excess of 300 globally and growing at 40-50 per year), and the current trend of platform

s specializingin a

specific occupation or service.

•Hybrid theory:It’s not im

possible to imagine a w

orld in which a handful of com

panies own the m

ajority of Human Cloud

IP/platforms/brands, but w

here niche brands (which m

ay be owned by the sam

e company) continue to do w

ell in specialist verticals. This is effectively w

hat has happened within the m

aturing job board market; w

e could see similar trends as the Hum

an Cloud develops.

1. Source: http://ww

w.reuters.com

/article/2015/06/26/us-china-didikuaidi-uber-idUSKBN

0P618G20150626





2015 by Crain Comm


Platforms in m

otion: The changing landscape of the Human Cloud

16

•The chart to the right show

s some of the w

ays the Human

Cloud is evolving, and illustrates the fluidity of various platform

s, specifically around the engagement m

odel used (em

ployee versus independent contractor) and a platform’s

core customers (businesses versus consum

ers).

•Currently, there are several law

suits working their w

ay through the courts w

hich may ultim

ately decide whether those doing

work on such platform

s should be classified as employees or

independent contractors (or perhaps some yet-to-be enacted

hybrid classification). Some view

this regulatory uncertainty as a headw

ind for the industry, as employees are generally m

ore expensive to use than independent contractors.

•This has caused som

e platforms to pre-em

ptively shift towards

an “employed” independent w

orker model (Shyp

is one recent exam

ple), in which providers treat certain (or all) w

orkers as em

ployees. Additionally, Instacartannounced it would give

workers a choice betw

een independent contractor and em

ployment status.

The evolving landscape of the Human Cloud

•M

ost providers started by primarily serving either businesses or consum

ers. Yet recently, m

any have begun expanding their service. Some B2C com

panies (that likely view

business clients as the next wave of grow

th) have developed specific business offerings (e.g. Zirx). At the sam

e time, som

e primarily B2B providers

have likely witnessed the rapid grow

th of localized consumer services over the

past few years, and have now

dipped their toes in the B2C market by offering

similar services (e.g. Freelancer.com

).





2015 by Crain Comm


Where does the Hum

an Cloud go from here?

17

•W

e estimate that in 2014, the Hum

an Cloud accounted for between $8.9 and $11.1

billion in spend worldw

ide, with new

companies springing up at a rate of 40-50 a

year. We expect this robust grow

th to continue, spurred on by increasing internet access and m

ore smartphones in people’s pockets, continuing platform

innovations and increased adoption by enterprises. W

hile legal challenges could prove to be a headw

ind, they are likely just growing pains of a fresh industry.

•B2C platform

s providing onsite work such as U

ber and Instacarthave exploded in popularity due to their sim

plicity and ease of use, and could be a sign of things to com

e in the B2B space once corporate barriers to entry (longer sales cycle, corporate politics, need for m

ultiple stakeholder buy-in, lack of awareness, etc.) are overcom

e. For exam

ple, while som

e large firms today use Hum

an Cloud platforms to find high-

end workers w

ho often complete w

ork remotely (program

mers, m

arket strategists, developers, designers, etc.), in the future, engagem

ent managers m

ay be able to staff their w

arehouses, restaurants, factories, or stores in near real-time w

ith a few

taps of their phone.

•W

e expect the Human Cloud to becom

e a less insular neighborhood, with m

ore com

panies “moving in”, and m

ore connections made betw

een the Human Cloud and

the broader workforce solutions ecosystem

. Human Cloud start-ups w

ill continue to appear, w

hile other companies w

ill continue to look for different ways to engage

independent workers, possibly by developing their ow

n kind of “hybrid” delivery m

odel or by acquiring or plugging into/partnering with existing platform

s. To an extent, this is already happening. Traditional w

orkforce solutions providers such as Pro U

nlimited, M

onster, IQN

avigator, Beeline, MBO

Partners, Synergy Systems,

Mitchell M

artin, Kelly Services, Randstad and Recruit have all made m

oves towards

Human Cloud initiatives -som

e through partnership, some through investm

ents, and som

e by developing their own platform

solutions.




NO



18

List of Online Staffing Platform

s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odel

Primary

Occupations/Service

Delivered70

ww

w.70.com

2010China

Remote

B2BDesign

10x Managem

entw

ww

.10xmanagem

ent.com2012

USA

Remote

B2BHigh end developers

3JXSw

ww

.3jxs.com2006

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Writing

Adtriboow

ww

.adtriboo.com2011

SpainRem

oteB2B

Creative/designAngie’s List

ww

w.angieslist.com

1995U

SAO

nsiteB2C

ContractorsArtCorgi

ww

w.artcorgi.com

2014U

SARem

oteB2C

Portrait artistsBajie1

ww

w.bajie1.com

2011China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-categoryBizReef

ww

w.bizreef.com

2007Israel

Remote

B2BGeneral freelancers

Boonlew

ww

.boonle.com2014

USA

Remote

B2BAuthors/producers

Buy Introw

ww

.beta1.buyintro.com2014

USA

Remote

B2CExecutive leaders/coaches

Cahootifyw

ww

.cahootify.com2014

UK

Onsite

B2BM

ovie crews

Care.comw

ww

.care.com2006

USA

Onsite

B2CIn-hom

e healthcare workers

Cekew

ww

.iceke.com2007

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Ching(Fortune)

Clarityw

ww

.clarity.fm2012

USA

Remote

B2BStartup founders/business advice

CoachMarket

ww

w.coachm

arket.com2014

USA

Remote

B2CCareer coaches

Coconalaw

ww

.coconala.com2013

JapanRem

oteB2B

Various/miscellaneous

Codeablew

ww

.codeable.io2012

Denmark

Remote

B2BW

ord Press developers

Codementor

ww

w.codem

entor.io2014

USA

Remote

B2CConnects tech specialists to developers

Coworks

ww

w.cow

orks.com2009

Sweden

Remote

B2BCreatives

Crew (ooom

f)w

ww

.pickcrew.com

2012Canada

Remote

B2BDesigners/developers

Crossoverw

ww

.crossover.com2014

USA

Remote

B2BDevelopers/IT

Edumoko

ww

w.edum

oko.com2013

RussiaRem

oteB2B

InternsElevate Direct

ww

w.elevatedirect.com

2011U

KM

ixB2B

IT contractors/consultants

Pages 18-34 list Online Staffing Platform

s alphabetically, followed by tables listing Crow

dsourcing and Online W

ork Services firms.




NO



19


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim

ary Occupations/Service Delivered

EnvatoStudiow

ww

.studio.envato.com2013

AustraliaRem

oteB2B

Design/creativeEPW

eiKew

ww

.epweike.com

2010China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-categoryErandoo

ww

w.erandoo.com

2014U

SARem

oteB2B

Design/creativesField N

ationw

ww

.fieldnation.com2008

USA

Onsite

B2BIT technicians

FitOrbit

ww

w.fitorbit.com

2009U

SARem

oteB2C

Personal trainersFlinja

ww

w.flinja.com

2013U

SARem

oteB2B

College graduatesFlipTask

ww

w.fliptask.com

2012U

SARem

oteB2C

HelpersFolyo

ww

w.folyo.m

e2012

FranceRem

oteB2B

CreativesFreelanceJobO

peningsw

ww

.freelancejobopenings.com2008

USA

Remote

B2BW

ritingFreelance M

arketw

ww

.freelance-market.com

2004Germ

anyM

ixB2B

Various freelancersFreelance Physician

ww

w.freelancephysician.com

2012U

SO

nsiteB2B

Doctors/physiciansFreelance Students

ww

w.freelancestudents.co.uk

2008U

KRem

oteB2B

College studentsFree-lance.ru

ww

w.fl.ru

2005Russia

Remote

B2BCreatives/designers

Freelance.comw

ww

.freelance.com1996

FranceRem

oteB2B

IT/consultingFreelanced.com

ww

w.freelanced.com

naU

SARem

oteB2B

ArtistsFreelancer

ww

w.freelancer.com

2009Australia

Remote

B2BDesign/developer/m

arketingGeek Freelancers

ww

w.geekfreelancers.com

2011U

SARem

oteB2B

Writers/various

Geeks n Gigsw

ww

.geeksngigs.com2014

USA

Mix

B2BCollege students

Gerson Lehrman

Groupw

ww

.glg.it/1998

USA

Remote

B2BExpert netw

orkGet N

injasw

ww

.getninjas.com.br

2011Brazil

Onsite

B2CVarious handy services

GetaElancew

ww

.getaelance.com2009

IndiaRem

oteB2B

IT/programm

ersGigs Bull

ww

w.gigsbull.com

naU

SARem

oteB2B

Small gigs

Good Laww

ww

.haolvlai.com2013

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Legal




NO



20


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


GoWorkaBit

ww

w.gow

orkabit.com2013

EstoniaO

nsiteB2B

Warehouse/office/clerical

Great Lancew

ww

.greatlance.com2009

USA

Remote

B2BM

arketingGroupTalent

ww

w.grouptalent.com

2011U

SARem

oteB2B

Designers/developersgun.io

ww

w.gun.io

2011U

SARem

oteB2B

Developers/"hackers"Guru

ww

w.guru.com

1998U

SARem

oteB2B

Various freelancersHacker's List

ww

w.hackerslist.com

2014U

SARem

oteB2B

Hackers

High Skill Prow

ww

.highskillpro.com2012

UK

Remote

B2BConsultants/Accountants/ Advisors

HighLancew

ww

.highlance.com2008

USA

naB2B

VariousHillgate

ww

w.hillgateconnect.com

2013U

KRem

oteB2B

Mgm

t. consultants/strategistsHireAnyone

ww

w.hireanyone.com

2014U

SAna

B2BVarious

Hoofdkraan.nlw

ww

.hoofdkraan.nl2011

Netherlands

Remote

B2BDesign/m

arketing/mgm

t.Hopw

orkw

ww

.hopwork.com

2013France

Remote

B2BW

eb and Mobile developers

Hour Worker

ww

w.hourw

orker.com2011

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Multi-category

HourlyNerd

ww

w.hourlynerd.com

2013U

SARem

oteB2B

MBAs/m

gmt. consultants

ifreelance.comw

ww

.ifreelance.com1998

USA

Remote

B2BCreatives

InfoJobs --Freelancew

ww

.infolancer.net1998

SpainRem

oteB2B

Various freelanceJobble

ww

w.jobbleapp.com

2014U

SAO

nsiteB2B

Event workers

Jobdealsw

ww

.jobdeals.com2009

CanadaO

nsiteB2C

Various personal servicesJolancer

ww

w.jolancer.com

naN

igeriaRem

oteB2B

Developers/designersk5k1

ww

w.k5k1.com

2010China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-categoryLancers

ww

w.lancers.co.jp

2008Japan

Remote

B2BCreatives/design

Legal Herow

ww

.legalhero.com2013

USA

Remote

B2BLaw

yersLew

eiwei

ww

w.lew

eiwei.com

2006China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-category




NO



21


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Linkaow

ww

.linkao.com2012

FranceRem

oteB2B

Web designers

Liquid Talentw

ww

.liquidtalent.com2013

USA

Remote

B2BProfessionals

LocalSolow

ww

.localsolo.com2014

CanadaLocal

B2BDesigners

Matchist

ww

w.m

atchist.com2012

USA

Remote

B2BDevelopers

Maven

ww

w.m

aven.co2008

USA

Remote

B2CConsultants/"M

avens"M

BA and Company

ww

w.m

baco.com2009

UK

Remote

B2BM

BAs/consultantsM

BAProjectsearch.comw

ww

.mbaprojectsearch.com

2012U

SARem

oteB2B

MBAs

MBO

Partnersw

ww

.mbopartners.com

1986U

SAM

ixB2B

ProfessionalsM

ediabistrow

ww

.mediabistro.com

1996U

SARem

oteB2B

Writers

Moonlighting

ww

w.m

oonlightingapp.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2CSm

all gigsM

yStaffNow

ww

w.m

ystaffnow.com

2012U

SARem

oteB2B

Writers/content creators

Net4M

anpower

ww

w.N

et4Manpow

er.com2012

UK

Remote

B2BVarious

NextCrew

ww

w.nextcrew

.com2012

USA

Remote

B2BProvides online staffing platform

sN

ubelo(Prolancer)

ww

w.nubelo.com

2011Spain

Remote

B2BDevelopers/program

mers

Nvoi

ww

w.nvoi.com

.au2012

AustraliaO

nsiteB2B

White collar w

orkersO

nForcew

ww

.onforce.com2004

USA

Onsite

B2BIT/Education

OnSite.io

ww

w.onsite.io

2013U

KRem

oteB2B

CreativesO

zlancew

ww

.ozlance.com2006

AustraliaRem

oteB2B

VariousParticipa.m

ew

ww

.participame.com

2011M

exicoO

nsiteB2B

VariousPeoplePerHour

ww

w.peopleperhour.com

2007U

KRem

oteB2B

Design/creativeProgonline

ww

w.progonline.com

2004France

Remote

B2BIT/program

mers




NO



22


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Projects.co.idw

ww

.projects.co.id2013

IndonesiaRem

oteB2B

CreativeProjektw

erkw

ww

.projektwerk.com

/de1999

Germany

Remote

B2BProject m

anagers/developers

Prokangaw

ww

.prokanga.com2014

USA

Remote

B2BStrategic professionals/ professional "m

oms"

ProZw

ww

.proz.com1999

USA

Remote

B2BTranslation

PRSON

Aw

ww

.prsona.com2012

USA

Onste

B2BVarious

PSCSw

ww

.pscs.cn2012

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Multi-category

Seo Clerksw

ww

.seoclerks.com2011

USA

Remote

B2CSEO

/Marketing

Servicescapew

ww

.servicescape.com2000

USA

Remote

B2BTranslation

ShiftGigw

ww

.shiftgig.com2012

USA

Onsite

B2BIndustrial/office/clerical

Sidekickerw

ww

.sidekicker.com.au

2012Australia

Onsite

B2BSales/m

arketing/ business services

SJWw

ww

.sjinwang.com

2014China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-categorySkill Galaxy

ww

w.skillgalaxy.com

2003U

SAO

nsiteB2B

DevelopersSkillbridge

ww

w.skillbridge.co

2013U

SARem

oteB2B

ConsultantsSohoyes

ww

w.sohoyes.com

2007China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-relatedSourceGuru

ww

w.sourceguru.com

2014Singapore

Remote

B2BVarious/creative

Spare Hirew

ww

.sparehire.com2013

USA

Remote

B2BFinance/consulting

SparkGigw

ww

.sparkgig.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2BPerform

ersSribulancer

ww

w.sribulancer.com

2014Indonesia

Remote

B2BVarious

Staff Finderw

ww

.staff-finder.jobs2010

Switzerland

Onsite

B2BIndustrial/office/clerical

Staff.comw

ww

.staff.com2012

USA

Remote

B2BO

ffice/clericalStarbytes

ww

w.starbytes.it/starbytes

2011Italy

Remote

B2BIT/technology




NO



23


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Student Freelancew

ww

.studentfreelance.com2013

USA

Remote

B2BStudents

SWKw

eikew

ww

.swkw

eike.com2012

ChinaRem

oteB2B

DesignersSXSoft

ww

w.sxsoft.com

2002China

Remote

B2BSoftw

are/ITTalent Cupboard

ww

w.talentcupboard.com

2010U

KRem

oteB2B

Student creativesTaotaola

ww

w.taotaola.com

2010China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-categoryTask Arm

yw

ww

.taskarmy.com

2009Australia

Remote

B2BW

eb servicesTaskCity

ww

w.taskcity.com

2008China

Remote

B2BSoftw

are/ITThe W

ork Crowd

ww

w.thew

orkcrowd.com

2014U

KO

nlineB2B

VariousThum

btack.comw

ww

.thumbtack.com

2008U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Projects/gigsThuzio

ww

w.thuzio.com

2012U

SAO

nsiteB2B

Professional athletes (speakers)Toptal

ww

w.toptal.com

2010U

SARem

oteB2B

Programm

ers/developersTotal Freelance

ww

w.totalfreelance.co.uk

2013U

KRem

oteB2B

GeneralTow

oglo (Picklance)w

ww

.towoglo.com

2014U

KRem

oteB2B

GeneralTrabajo Freelance

ww

w.trabajofreelance.com

2004Argentina

Remote

B2BVarious

Tui5w

ww

.tui5.com2012

ChinaRem

oteB2C

Ching(Fortune)

Twago

ww

w.tw

ago.com2009

Germany

Remote

B2BDesigners/program

mers

UpCounsel

ww

w.upcounsel .com

2012U

SARem

oteB2B

Lawyers

UpW

orkw

ww

.upwork.com

1999U

SARem

oteB2B

Designers/marketers/content

creators/web developers

V5 Witkey

ww

w.vike5.com

2010China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-categoryvBench

ww

w.vbench.com

2013U

SARem

oteB2B

US-based w

orkers




NO



24


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Viibarw

ww

.viibar.com2013

JapanO

nsiteB2B

Photographers/videographersW

erklyw

ww

.werkly.com

2013U

SAO

nsiteB2B

General workers

Wonolo

ww

w.w

onolo.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2BBlue collar

Work Hoppers

ww

w.w

orkhoppers.com/en

2012Canada

Remote

B2BM

arketing/office/clericalW

ork Market

ww

w.w

orkmarket.com

2010U

SAO

nsiteB2B

IT/marketing

Work M

obw

ww

.theworkm

ob.com2013

USA

Online

B2BIT

Work N

Hirew

ww

.worknhire.com

2012India

Online

B2BVarious

Workana

ww

w.w

orkana.com2012

BrazilO

nlineB2B

Design/developersW

orking Not W

orkingw

ww

.workingnotw

orking.com2011

USA

Online

B2BCreatives

xplacew

ww

.xplace.com2003

IsraelRem

oteB2B

Technology/designYunoJuno

ww

w.yunojuno.com

2012U

KO

nlineB2B

Creative/project managem

entZaarly.com

ww

w.zaarly.com

/#/2011

USA

Onsite

B2CLandscaping/handypeople

zcwk

ww

w.zcw

k.cn2009

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Multi-category

Zhubajie(W

itMart)

ww

w.zhubajie.com

2006China

Remote

B2BVarious

Zintrow

ww

.zintro.com2010

USA

Remote

B2BPhone consultants

ZipTaskw

ww

.ziptask.com2011

USA

Remote

B2BProject m

anagers/developers




NO



25

List of Crowdsourcing Firm

s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


52Designw

ww

.52design.com2001

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Design680

ww

w.680.com

2006China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-category2478

ww

w.2478.com

2012China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-related10EQ

Sw

ww

.10eqs.com2010

USA

Remote

B2BConsultants

28buxw

ww

.28bux.com2010

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

51cxbw

ww

.51cxb.com2006

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

51psw

ww

.51ps.com2006

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Design58task

ww

w.58task.com

2008China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-related99Designs

ww

w.99designs.com

2008U

SARem

oteB2B

Creative/designAD Kung Fu

ww

w.adkungfu.com

2006China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-relatedAlegion

ww

w.alegion.com

2011U

SARem

oteB2B

Micro-tasks/data

Alivvw

ww

.alivv.cn2011

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Micro-tasks

Amazon M

echanical Turkw

ww

.mturk.com

2005U

SARem

oteB2B

Micro-tasks

ApplaUSAe

ww

w.utest.com

2007U

SARem

oteB2B

Software/hardw

are testingBaipp

ww

w.baipp.com

2009China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-relatedBaiw

anmeng

ww

w.baiw

anmeng.com

2012China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-categoryBangCN

ww

w.bangcn.com

2011China

Remote

B2bW

ork for DisabledBattle of Concepts

ww

w.battleofconcepts.nl

2001N

etherlandsRem

oteB2B

Ideas/college studentsBengbeng

ww

w.bengbeng.com

2008China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-relatedBiexdiao

ww

w.biexdiao.com

2013China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-relatedBuyW

itw

ww

.buywit.cn

2007China

Remote

B2BM

ulti-categoryChallenge.gov

ww

w.challenge.gov

2010U

SARem

oteB2B

Innovations/R&D




NO



26


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Chaordixw

ww

.chaordix.com2006

CanadaRem

oteB2B

Marketing

Clickworker

ww

w.clickw

orker.com2005

Germany

Remote

B2BM

arketing/dataCloudFactory

ww

w.cloudfactory.com

2010U

SARem

oteB2B

DataCodeur

ww

w.codeur.com

2006France

Remote

B2BDevelopers

CogniStreamer

ww

w.cognistream

er.com2000

BelgiumRem

oteB2B

Idea generationCrow

dFlower

ww

w.crow

dflower.com

2007U

SARem

oteB2B

Data cleanupCrow

dMed

ww

w.crow

dmed.com

2010U

SARem

oteB2C

Healthcare diagnosisCrow

dsitew

ww

.crowdsite.com

2009N

etherlandsRem

oteB2B

Designers/creativesCrow

dsourcew

ww

.crowdsource.com

2010U

SARem

oteB2B

VariousCrow

dSpringw

ww

.crowdspring.com

2007U

SARem

oteB2B

DesignersCrow

dworks

ww

w.crow

dworks.jp

2011Japan

Remote

B2BDesigners/developers

DesignCrowd

ww

w.designcrow

d.com2008

AustraliaRem

oteM

ixDesigners

Di Yi Tangw

ww

.diyitang.com2010

ChinaRem

oteB2B

DesignDianw

o98w

ww

.dianwo98.com

2010China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-relatedEdge Am

sterdamw

ww

.edge-amsterdam

.com2013

Netherlands

Remote

B2BCreatives/design

Experfyw

ww

.experfy.com2014

USA

Remote

B2BBig data scientist/consultants

Expert 360w

ww

.expert360.com2013

AustraliaRem

oteB2B

Consultants and investment

bankersExpertBids

ww

w.expertbids.com

2010U

SARem

oteB2B

Lawyers and accountants

eYekaw

ww

.en.eyeka.com2006

FranceRem

oteB2B

CreativesEzusky

ww

w.ezusky.com

2006China

Remote

B2CM

arketing-related




NO



27


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


FieldAgentw

ww

.fieldagent.net2010

USA

Onsite

B2BData collectors

Fiverrw

ww

.fiverr.com2010

IsraelRem

oteB2B

Logos/designersFREEYI

ww

w.freeyi.com

2011China

Remote

B2BDesign

Get A Coderw

ww

.getacoder.com2004

USA

Remote

B2BIT/program

mers

GigBucksw

ww

.gigbucks .com2009

USA

Remote

B2BM

icro-tasks/artists/marketers

Gigwalk

ww

w.gigw

alk.com2010

USA

Onsite

B2BO

nsite gigsguess365

ww

w.guess365.com

2006China

Remote

B2BDesign

huanlezhuanw

ww

.huanlezhuan.com2014

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

HyveInnovation Com

munity

(subsidiary of Hyve)w

ww

.hyvecomm

unity.net2000

Germany

Remote

B2BIdeation and innovation

Idea Bountyw

ww

.ideabounty.com2008

South AfricaRem

oteB2B

Ideas/CreativesIdeaconnection

ww

w.ideaconnection.com

2007Canada

Remote

B2BR&

DIdeaken

ww

w.ideaken.com

2010Singapore

Remote

B2BInnovation &

ideasInnocentive

ww

w.innocentive.com

2001U

SARem

oteB2B

InnovationInnoget

ww

w.innoget.com

2006Spain

Remote

B2BR&

DInnovate

ww

w.innovatem

r.com2014

USA

Remote

B2BHigh level B2B audiences

Jdwz888

ww

w.jdw

z888.com2010

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

Jobboy.comw

ww

.jobboy.com2010

USA

Remote

B2BM

icro-tasksjuxiangyou

ww

w.juxiangyou.com

2013China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-relatedK68

ww

w.K68.cn

2003China

Remote

B2BDesign

Kagglew

ww

.kaggle.com2010

USA

Remote

B2BCom

petition/R&D




NO



28


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Lezhuanw

ww

.lezhuan.com2009

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

Lootw

ww

.loot-app.com2012

USA

Remote

B2BM

icro-tasksLvuu

ww

w.lvuu.com

2009China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-relatedM

icrotaskw

ww

.microtask.com

2010Finland

Remote

B2BData collection/transcription

Mini Freelance

ww

w.m

inifreelance.com2010

USA

Remote

B2BM

icro-tasks

MobileW

orks (Lead Genius)w

ww

.mobilew

orks.com2011

USA

Remote

B2BSales lead generation/data collection

Money4Jam

ww

w.m

4jam.com

2014South Africa

Remote

B2BM

icro-tasksM

yCheapJobsw

ww

.mycheapjobs.com

2012U

SARem

oteB2B

Logos/SEO/sm

all gigsN

abbeshw

ww

.nabbesh.com2012

UAE

Remote

B2BCreatives/designers

neww

kw

ww

.neww

k.com2009

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Multi-category

Nine Sigm

aw

ww

.ninesigma.com

2000U

SARem

oteB2B

InnovationN

iushew

ww

.niushe.com2006

ChinaRem

oteB2B

DesignO

oopicw

ww

.ooopic.com2008

ChinaRem

oteM

ixDesign

PCeggsw

ww

.pceggs.com2006

ChinaRem

oteB2C

Marketing-related/leveling up

video game characters

Presansw

ww

.presans.com2008

FranceRem

oteB2B

R&D

Project4Hirew

ww

.project4hire.com2006

USA

Remote

B2BVarious

Quotadeck

ww

w.quotadeck.com

2014U

SARem

oteB2B

Lead generators/introducersRedocn

ww

w.bbs.redocn.com

2005China

Remote

B2BDesign

s3s9w

ww

.s3s9.com2009

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

Samasource

ww

w.sam

asource.com2008

USA

Remote

B2BM

icro-tasksSandaha

ww

w.sandaha.com

2011China

Remote

B2BM

arketing-related




NO



29


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Shi.Jue.me

ww

w.shijue.m

e/home

2001China

Remote

B2BDesign

Shorttask.comw

ww

.shorttask.com2009

USA

Remote

B2BM

icro-tasks

StreetSpotrw

ww

.streetspotr.com/en

2011Germ

anyO

nsiteB2B

Mystery shoppers

Taomi8

ww

w.taom

i8.net2010

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

TaskCnw

ww

.taskcn.com2006

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Multi-category

Tenrrw

ww

.tenrr.com2011

USA

Remote

B2BM

icro-tasks

Toideaw

ww

.toidea.com2006

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Design

TopCoderw

ww

.topcoder.com2001

USA

Remote

B2BData scientists/program

mers

TWKer

ww

w.tw

ker.com2011

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

VoiceBunnyw

ww

.voicebunny.com2011

USA

Remote

B2BVoiceover talent

Voicesw

ww

.voices.com2005

USA

Remote

B2BVoiceover talent

Wanzhuanle

ww

w.w

anzhuanle.com2013

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

Weibao

ww

w.w

eibao5.com2010

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

Weikerifu

ww

w.w

eikerifu.com2014

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

WeiTuiTui

ww

w.w

eituitui.com2011

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Micro-tasks

WeKe

ww

w.w

eke.com2013

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Design

Witkeysky

ww

w.w

itkeysky.com2006

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Multi-category

Work Fusion

ww

w.w

orkfusion.com2010

USA

Remote

B2BData

WorkHub

ww

w.w

orkhub.com2011

Germany

Online

B2BData collection/U

ser testing

woyao998

ww

w.w

oyao998.com2008

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

Yiliuwk

ww

w.yiliuw

k.com2013

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related




NO



30


s

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Youzhuanw

ww

.youzhuan.com2013

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Marketing-related

Yunzhuanw

ww

.yunzhuan.com2010

ChinaRem

oteB2B

Multi-category

Zooppaw

ww

.zooppa.com2007

USA

Remote

B2BCreatives




NO



31

List of Online W

ork Services Firms

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


365Responsew

ww

.365response.org2012

UK

Onsite

B2CN

on-emergency hospital

transportAgentAnything

ww

w.agentanything.com

2010Canada

Onsite

B2CM

ission based tasksAirtasker

ww

w.airtasker.com

2012Australia

Onsite

B2CHousew

ork etc.Am

erican Well

ww

w.am

ericanwell.com

2006U

SARem

oteB2C

Telehealth/physiciansArise

ww

w.arise.com

1994U

SARem

oteB2B

Call centerAsk for Task

ww

w.askfortask.com

2012Canada

Onsite

B2CHelpers/taskers

Bellhopsw

ww

.getbellhops.com2012

USA

Onsite

B2CM

overs/college studentsBloom

thatw

ww

.bloomthat.com

2013U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Flower delivery

Bpoviaw

ww

.bpovia.com2007

USA

Remote

B2BInform

ation technologyCaviar (Square)

ww

w.trycaviar.com

2012U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Delivery persons (food)Curbside Care

ww

w.curbsidecare.co

2014U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Doctors/NPs house-calls

DidiKuaidiw

ww

.xiaojukeji.com2012

ChinaO

nsiteB2C

Drivers/TaxisDog Vacay

ww

w.dogvacay.com

2012U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Dog sittersDoorDash

ww

w.doordash.com

2013U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Delivery (restaurant)Eaze

ww

w.eazeup.com

2014U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Medical m

arijuana deliveryEle.m

ew

ww

.ele.me

2008China

Onsite

B2CDelivery persons (restaurant)

Favorw

ww

.favordelivery.com2012

USA

Onsite

B2CDelivery persons

Firstlinew

ww

.firstlineapp.com2014

USA

Onsite

B2CDoctors

Geekatoow

ww

.geekatoo.com2013

USA

Mix

B2CIT for hom

eGengo

ww

w.gengo.com

2008Japan

Remote

B2BTranslators




NO



32

List of Online W

ork Services Firms

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Glamsquad

ww

w.glam

squad.com2014

USA

Onsite

B2CBeauticians

Go2Nurse

ww

w.go2nurse.com

2014U

SABoth

B2CN

urseGrofers

ww

w.grofers.com

2013India

Onsite

B2CDelivery persons

Handyw

ww

.handy.com2012

USA

Onsite

B2CHandym

enHeal

ww

w.getheal.com

2015U

SAO

nsiteB2C

DoctorsHealthTap

ww

w.healthtap.com

2010U

SARem

oteB2C

Doctors/telemedicine

Homejoy

ww

w.hom

ejoy.com2012

USA

Onsite

B2CCleaning

Inklyow

ww

.inklyo.com2013

CanadaRem

oteM

ixContent w

ritingInstacart

ww

w.instacart.com

2012U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Shopping deliveryKum

uw

ww

.getkumu.com

2014U

SARem

oteB2C

Personal trainers/life coachesLasso

ww

w.lassoit.com

2013U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Delivery (wine and cheese)

LiveNinja

ww

w.liveninja.com

2011U

SARem

oteB2B

Advice giversLiveO

psw

ww

.liveops.com2000

USA

Remote

B2BCall Center

Luxew

ww

.luxe.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2CParking Valets

Lyftw

ww

.lyft.com2012

USA

Onsite

B2CDrivers/Taxis

Meadow

ww

w.getm

eadow.com

2014U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Medical m

arijuana delivery

Mend

ww

w.m

endathome.com

2014U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Nurse practitioners/physician

assistantsM

yCleanw

ww

.myclean.com

2013U

SAO

nsiteB2B

Maid service

Ola

ww

w.olacabs.com

2010India

Onsite

B2CDrivers/taxis

One Hour Translation

ww

w.onehourtranslation.com

2009U

SARem

oteB2B

TranslationPager

ww

w.pager.com

2013U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Doctors




NO



33

List of Online W

ork Services Firms

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


PediaQw

ww

.pediaq.care2014

USA

Onsite

B2CN

urse PractitionersPostm

atesw

ww

.postmates.com

2012U

SAO

nsiteB2C

DeliveryRev

ww

w.rev.com

2010U

SARem

oteB2B

TranscriptionRew

ineryw

ww

.rewinery.com

2012U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Delivery (wine and cheese)

Room2Care

ww

w.room

2care.com2014

USA

Onsite

B2CCaregivers

Sauceyw

ww

.sauceyapp.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2CAlcohol delivery

Scribendiw

ww

.scribendi.com1997

CanadaRem

oteM

ixProofreaders

Scribiew

ww

.scribie.com2008

USA

Remote

B2BTranscription

Shypw

ww

.shyp.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2CGlobal delivery

Speedlancerw

ww

.speedlancer.com2014

AustraliaRem

oteB2B

Design/writing/data

Spoonrocketw

ww

.spoonrocket.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2CFood delivery

Sprigw

ww

.sprig.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2CFood delivery

Sprucew

ww

.sprucehealth.com2013

USA

Remote

B2CDerm

atologistsTaskRabbit

ww

w.taskrabbit.com

2008U

SAO

nsiteB2B

Taskers/handypeopleTongal

ww

w.tongal.com

2008U

SARem

oteB2B

Content marketing

Transifexw

ww

.transifex.com2009

USA

Remote

B2BTranslation

Uber

ww

w.uber.com

2009U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Drivers/TaxisU

rban Sitterw

ww

.urbansitter.com2010

USA

Onsite

B2CBabysitters

Visual.lyw

ww

.visual.ly2011

USA

Remote

B2BData visualization and infographics

Washio

ww

w.getw

ashio.com2012

USA

Onsite

B2C/B2BLaundry cleaners




NO



34

List of Online W

ork Services Firms

Company

Website

Year Founded


Primary

Work

Location

Primary

Service M

odelPrim


Weiligongshe

ww

w.w

eiligongshe.com2009

ChinaRem

oteB2B

SEOW

riterAccessw

ww

.writeraccess.com

2008U

SARem

oteB2B

Writers

WunW

unw

ww

.wunw

un.com2013

USA

Onsite

B2CDelivery persons

XCWw

ww

.xcw.m

e2009

ChinaRem

oteM

ixM

edia (Video)Your M

echanicw

ww

.yourmechanic.com

2011U

SAO

nsiteB2C

Car Mechanics

Zeelw

ww

.zeel.com2010

USA

Onsite

B2CM

assageZesty

ww

w.zesty.com

2013U

SAO

nsiteB2B

Delivery (catering)Zirtual

ww

w.zirtual.com

2011U

SARem

oteB2B

Remote executive assistants

Zirxw

ww

.zirx.com2014

USA

Onsite

MIx

Parking valets



About Staffing Industry AnalystsStaffing Industry Analysts is the global advisor on contingent w

ork. Known for its independent and

objective insights, the company’s proprietary research, aw

ard-winning content, data, support tools,

publications, and executive conferences provide a competitive edge to decision-m

akers who supply and

buy temporary staffing. In addition to tem

porary staffing, Staffing Industry Analysts also covers related staffing sectors. The com

pany provides accreditation with its Certified Contingent W

orkforce Professional (CCW

P) program. Founded in 1989 and acquired by Crain Com

munications Inc. in 2008, the com

pany is headquartered in M

ountain View, California, with offices in London, England.

Independent AdvisoryW

e provide practical, actionable, forward-thinking advice to help our clients develop their business and

consistently treat them w

ith the utmost respect, honesty and care. In our role as advisors w

e maintain

strict confidentiality. We deliver research and editorial judgm

ents that are completely objective and

independent of financial considerations.

For more inform

ation: ww

w.staffingindustry.com

35

Documents

Human Cloud Landscape 07 2015