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By:

DEA GITA RANDA PUTRA

DEA YOLANDADESI SURESMI

DIAN FEBRY YOMI

Group : 2

Class : IPA 3

HUMAN cloning

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Basic things you need to know

I. GENES Genes are strings of chemicals that help create the proteins thatmake up your body. Genes are found in long coiled chains calledchromosomes. They are located in the nuclei of the cells in yourbody:

 

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BASIC THINGS YOU NEEDTO KNOW

II. EMBRYOIn sexual reproduction a child gets half its genes from its

mother (in her egg) and half from its father (in his sperm):

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WHAT IS humanCLONING?

Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identicalcopy of a human.

Cloning is an asexual form of reproduction. All the child'sgenes would come from a body cell of a single  individual:

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Stem cells

STEM CELLS Stem cells are primordial cells capable of developing into a variety of types of cells.

Some stem cells are found in the adult body. Others are found in very early embryos.

These stem cells can be cultured in petri dishes and potentially used to generate

"therapeutic tissues" or "spare organs":  

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Stem cell

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Cloning process Preparing stem cells: an initial cell which will grow into various cells of the

body. These cells taken from humans who want cloned.

· Stem cells taken the cell nucleus that contains genetic information and thenseparated from the cell.

· Prepare the egg cell: a cell taken from female volunteers then essentiallyseparated.

· The core cells from stem cells implanted into an egg cell

· The egg is triggered to occur division and growth. After dividing (day two)into embryonic cells.

· Embryonic cells that continue to divide (called a blastocyst) begin toseparate themselves (day five) and is ready implanted into the womb.

· The embryo in the uterus grows into a baby with a genetic code identical tothe donor stem cells.

Understanding the process of cloning and above that produce newindividuals and have a genetic trait that is "identical" (same). The nature of"identical" is what will try to be discussed in the corridors of space - time ofthe cloning process.

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Put the cell into egg cell

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Son or brother?

Who is the clonal child's genetic mother or father? As we understand those terms, a clonal child wouldn't have a

genetic mother or father, it would have a single 'nuclear donor.' Ifa man cloned himself, would the child be that man's son or histwin brother? It would be neither, it would be a new category of

biological relationship: his clone.

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Human cloningbenefits 

 Here are some human cloning benefits.

Infertility Treatment: Human cloning could bes a blessing for infertilecouples, as reproductive cloning does not involve the fusion of the sexcells.

Treating Diseases: As already discussed, therapeutic human cloningcan be used to treat a number of degenerative diseases like those of thenervous system, spinal cord injury and organ failure. Also who knows, itcould also be used to regenerate whole limbs. This would provide a life

changing line of treatment for amputees.

Replacing Defective Genes: Defective genes would cause sickness inan individual, however healthy a lifestyle he leads. Advances in humancloning will help him to replace the defective genes with healthy ones

.

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Human cloningdrawbacks

Now for some human cloning drawbacks. Low Success Rate: Cloning technology is still at its

infancy. Experiments with animals show that the successrate of animal cloning is quite low. More than 90% of theefforts to produce a viable offspring in animals have

failed.

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Expensive and Extensive Procedure: Cloning Dolly involved277 eggs. Out of them only 30 started to divide and 9 induced

pregnancy. Only 1 out of them survived to term.

Disorders In Off-springs: Cloned animals tend to have weakimmune systems, due to which they are prone to infections.

Such organisms often show tumorous growths, other

disorders and tend to die young. For example a group of

Japanese scientists who had cloned a dozen mice reported

that the animals died early.

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