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Human Body SystemsHuman Body Systems
November 2009November 2009
Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Function:Function: Keeps blood constantly supplied with Keeps blood constantly supplied with
oxygen and removes carbon dioxideoxygen and removes carbon dioxide Gas exchange occurs through the walls of Gas exchange occurs through the walls of
the air sacs of the lungsthe air sacs of the lungs Breathing brings air into the lungs and Breathing brings air into the lungs and
breathing out removes waste gasesbreathing out removes waste gases
Respiratory systemRespiratory system
Upper respiratory Upper respiratory tract: nasal cavity, tract: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynxpharynx, larynx
Lower respiratory Lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, tract: trachea, bronchi, lungslungs
FactFact
The surface area of the The surface area of the aveoli in your lungs is aveoli in your lungs is @ 70 square meters, @ 70 square meters, or about the same as or about the same as three lanes of a three lanes of a bowling alley.bowling alley.
Diseases of respiratory systemDiseases of respiratory system
Lung Cancer -3rd Lung Cancer -3rd leading cause of death leading cause of death in men and women in in men and women in the U.S.the U.S.
Emphysema ( causes Emphysema ( causes aveoli to enlarge)aveoli to enlarge)
Asthma (lung Asthma (lung disorder)disorder)
Circulartory SystemCirculartory System
Blood vessels transport blood which carriesBlood vessels transport blood which carries
– – OxygenOxygen
– – Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
– – NutrientsNutrients
– – Wastes, etc.Wastes, etc. ••Heart pumps bloodHeart pumps blood Oxygen rich blood is moved to all tissues and organs of Oxygen rich blood is moved to all tissues and organs of
the body and is called systemic circulation. the body and is called systemic circulation.
Organs of the circulatory Organs of the circulatory systemsystem
HeartHeart VeinsVeins ArteriesArteries CapillariesCapillaries
HeartHeart
Made of cardiac muscle Made of cardiac muscle tissuetissue
Has 4 compartments Has 4 compartments called chambers: two called chambers: two upper are atriums, two upper are atriums, two lower are ventricles.lower are ventricles.
Heart has arteries just and Heart has arteries just and veins just like any other veins just like any other musclemuscle
FactFact
Your heart beats 60-70 Your heart beats 60-70 times per minute. Each times per minute. Each time it pumps 60 mL time it pumps 60 mL of blood. How many of blood. How many mL’s in 24 hours.mL’s in 24 hours.
5184000 mL’s or 5184000 mL’s or 5184 liter bottles.5184 liter bottles.
HeartHeart
When these arteries When these arteries are blocked, it starves are blocked, it starves the heart of oxygen the heart of oxygen and nutrients, resulting and nutrients, resulting in a heart attackin a heart attack
VeinsVeins
Veins carry blood back to Veins carry blood back to the heart.the heart.
Veins have valvesVeins have valves 2 major veins carry return 2 major veins carry return
blood from your body to blood from your body to your heart: the superior your heart: the superior vena cava returns blood vena cava returns blood from your head and the from your head and the inferior vena cava from inferior vena cava from your lower bodyyour lower body
ArteriesArteries
Carry blood away Carry blood away from your heartfrom your heart
Have thick, elastic Have thick, elastic walls made of tissue walls made of tissue and smooth muscleand smooth muscle
CapillariesCapillaries
Microscopic blood Microscopic blood vessels.vessels.
Walls are only one cell Walls are only one cell thickthick
Bloodshot eyesBloodshot eyes Nutrients and oxygen Nutrients and oxygen
diffuse from body diffuse from body cells into capillariescells into capillaries
Blood pressureBlood pressure
The force of the blood The force of the blood against the walls of your against the walls of your blood vessels.blood vessels.
Measured in two numbers: Measured in two numbers: Systolic is the first Systolic is the first
number and measures number and measures your heart pumping.your heart pumping.
Diastolic is the second Diastolic is the second number and measures number and measures pressure that occurs as the pressure that occurs as the ventricles fill with blood ventricles fill with blood before they contract again.before they contract again.
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
Fatty deposits build up Fatty deposits build up on arterial walls. on arterial walls. Eating fatty foods high Eating fatty foods high in cholesterol and in cholesterol and saturated fats can saturated fats can cause these deposits to cause these deposits to form.form.
Not all cholesterol is Not all cholesterol is bad, and is essential bad, and is essential for health.for health.
BloodBlood
Carries oxygen from Carries oxygen from lungs to bodylungs to body
Takes carbon dioxide Takes carbon dioxide awayaway
Carries waste products Carries waste products to kidneysto kidneys
Transports nutrientsTransports nutrients Cells in blood fight Cells in blood fight
infectionsinfections
BloodBlood
Made up of plasma Made up of plasma (55%), mostly water.(55%), mostly water.
Platelets ;help with Platelets ;help with clottingclotting
Red blood cells: made Red blood cells: made at rate of 2-3 million at rate of 2-3 million per second.per second.
White: help fight White: help fight bacteria, viruses, etcbacteria, viruses, etc
Blood TypesBlood Types
4 types4 types A, B, AB, OA, B, AB, O Types A, B, AB have Types A, B, AB have
antigens coating their antigens coating their surface. Rh factorsurface. Rh factor
Wrong type of blood Wrong type of blood will kill youwill kill you
Type “O” is universalType “O” is universal
Diseases of the BloodDiseases of the Blood
Sickle-cell anemiaSickle-cell anemia Anemia is a disease of Anemia is a disease of
the red blood cellsthe red blood cells Leukemia produces Leukemia produces
immature white blood immature white blood cells that don’t fight cells that don’t fight infectionsinfections
FactFact
First blood transfusion First blood transfusion was in early 1800”s.was in early 1800”s.
French physician Jean French physician Jean Baptiste Denis Baptiste Denis successfully used successfully used sheep’s blood. His sheep’s blood. His second patient died.second patient died.
Excretory SystemExcretory System
Includes many Includes many systems such as systems such as digestive, respiratory, digestive, respiratory, skin and urinary skin and urinary system. system.
Each gets rid of waste Each gets rid of waste in its own way.in its own way.
Digestive SystemDigestive System
Breaks down food into Breaks down food into absorbable units that absorbable units that enter the blood for enter the blood for distribution to body distribution to body cellscells
Intestines absorb waterIntestines absorb water Indigestible foodstuffs Indigestible foodstuffs
are eliminated as fecesare eliminated as feces
Main Organs of theDigestive Main Organs of theDigestive SystemSystem
Mouth Mouth PharynxPharynx OesophagusOesophagus StomachStomach Small IntestineSmall Intestine Large IntestineLarge Intestine
Urinary SystemUrinary System
Water and salts inWater and salts in Excess water, metabolic Excess water, metabolic
wastes and salts out.wastes and salts out. Controls blood volume Controls blood volume
( blood pressure)( blood pressure) Works in conjunction with Works in conjunction with
hypothalmus to balance hypothalmus to balance fluid levels in bloodfluid levels in blood
Organs of Urinary SystemOrgans of Urinary System
Kidneys are bean shaped Kidneys are bean shaped organsorgans
Located at back of Located at back of abdomen at @ waist levelabdomen at @ waist level
Kidney filters blood of Kidney filters blood of waste products, creates waste products, creates waste product called waste product called urineurine
BladderBladder Ureter & UrethraUreter & Urethra
KidneysKidneys
All of your blood is All of your blood is filtered through your filtered through your kidneys in about 5 kidneys in about 5 minutes.minutes.
Connected to bladder Connected to bladder through two ducts through two ducts called ureterscalled ureters
Drains urine into your Drains urine into your bladderbladder
BladderBladder
Bladder is where urine Bladder is where urine is held until you is held until you release it.release it.
Bladder is an elastic, Bladder is an elastic, muscular organ that muscular organ that can stretch to hold .5 can stretch to hold .5 liter of urine.liter of urine.
Avg. human produces Avg. human produces @ 1 liter of urine daily@ 1 liter of urine daily
Diseases of the Urinary SystemDiseases of the Urinary System
A person can live A person can live normally with one normally with one kidneykidney
If both kidneys fail, a If both kidneys fail, a person must use a person must use a dialysis machine to dialysis machine to filter wastes out of the filter wastes out of the blood; or else you blood; or else you would die. would die.
Skeletal SystemSkeletal System
Skeletal systemSkeletal system Function:Function: Shape and supportShape and support Produces red blood cellsProduces red blood cells Stores mineralsStores minerals Protect organs and soft Protect organs and soft
tissuetissue At birth you 300 bonesAt birth you 300 bones As an adult 206 bonesAs an adult 206 bones
Main Organs of the Skeletal Main Organs of the Skeletal SystemSystem
BonesBones Bone marrowBone marrow JointsJoints TeethTeeth
Muscular SystemMuscular System
Over 600 muscles in Over 600 muscles in your bodyyour body
Control movementControl movement Voluntary muscles: Voluntary muscles:
you choose to move you choose to move themthem
Involuntary: heartInvoluntary: heart
MusclesMuscles
3 types3 types Skeletal: attached to Skeletal: attached to
bones to help you bones to help you movemove
Cardiac: heartCardiac: heart Smooth: intestines, Smooth: intestines,
bladder, blood vessels, bladder, blood vessels, internal organsinternal organs
Nervous SystemNervous System
Responds to stimuli to Responds to stimuli to maintain homeostasismaintain homeostasis
Central nervous is Central nervous is your brain and spinal your brain and spinal cord.cord.
Fast acting body Fast acting body controlcontrol
Responds to internal Responds to internal and external changesand external changes
Main Organs of theNervous Main Organs of theNervous SystemSystem
BrainBrain Brain stemBrain stem Spinal cordSpinal cord neuronsneurons
BrainBrain
Three main parts:Three main parts: CerebrumCerebrum CerebellumCerebellum Brain stemBrain stem You also have a left You also have a left
and right halfand right half
BrainBrain
Your brain contains @ Your brain contains @ 100 billion neurons100 billion neurons
Cerebrum: interprets Cerebrum: interprets input from sensesinput from senses
Controls movementControls movement Responsible for Responsible for
learning and memorylearning and memory
BrainBrain
CerebellumCerebellum Responsible for Responsible for
coordinating your coordinating your muscles and balancemuscles and balance
Keeps you from Keeps you from falling down when falling down when you walkyou walk
BrainBrain
Brain stemBrain stem Controls involuntary Controls involuntary
actions such as actions such as breathing and breathing and heartbeatheartbeat