Human Body Systems

By Marie Gengler

Table of Contents Endocrine System

Reproductive System and Development

Senses

Endocrine System

Endocrine System

The function of the endocrine system is to secrete hormones into the blood stream.

Endocrine System

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining its internal temperature.

The endocrine system receives negative feedback, and uses the information to regulate homeostasis.

Endocrine System

Negative Feedback Mechanism is when the hormones are shut off to stop a hormone imbalance.

An example would be the adrenal glands.

Endocrine System

The pituitary gland is a gland of the endocrine system. One of its hormones is prolactin.

Prolactin stimulates milk production.

Endocrine System

Type I and type II Diabetes are both very common disorders.

Type II produces not enough insulin, while in type one insulin production is stopped.

Type I happens at a young age while type II happens later on.

Peptic Ulcers are the inflammations of the lining of the stomach causing sores.

Symptoms are pain and nausea.

Occurs in someone who is stressful, has a bad diet, or bacteria helicobacter plory.

Treated with antibiotics.

Reproductive System and

Development

Reproductive System and Development

The function of the reproductive system is to produce and maintain female and male sex cells.

Reproductive System and Development

Three examples of asexual reproduction are echinoderms, sponges, and hydras.

Sexual reproduction is when to haploid cells (genders) come together to form a zygote.

Asexual reproduction is when you don’t need to genders to reproduce.

Both reproductions are ways that animals can reproduce.

Reproductive System and Development

Spermatogenesis is sperm cell production.

It begins with a primary spermatocyte that divides by meiosis into two secondary spermatocytes.

Then, divides again by meiosis into four spermatids.

Which then form four sperm cells.

Reproductive System and Development

Oogenesis is egg cell formation.

The oocyte divides by meiosis forming two cells.

One is larger than the other because the smaller one will have less cytoplasm so that the larger one, which will become the egg, has more food.

Reproductive System and Development

Menstrual cycle is the fertility cycle in humans.

Humans can mate all the time.

Humans shed their lining.

Estrous cycle is the cycle in mammals.

It’s when mammals are in estrus and only then mate.

Mammals reabsorb uterine lining.

Reproductive System and Development

The menstrual cycle in humans and primates both shed blood and debris through the vagina.

The ovarian cycle usually occurs in a 28 day cycle lasting for five to eight days.

Hormonal control during the cycle increases as the follicle matures and then decreases as corpus luteum regresses.

Reproductive System and Development

During development a morula goes through cleavage and forms a Blastula. Then it goes through gastrulation to form a gastrula.

During the second to eighth week of gastrulation the embryo is going through organogenesis.

Reproductive System and Development

Germ layers are the layers created in a gastrula during the development of the morula. • Develops the digestive

system and the respiratory system.

Endoderm

• Develops the muscle, excretory, skeletal, and circulatory systems.

Mesoderm

• Develops the outer skin, brain, and nervous system.

Ectoderm

Reproductive System and Development

Endometriosis Endometriosis is when cells from the womb

grow in other places of the body Symptoms are pain in back, painful sex,

painful periods, and painful bowl movements. Common between the ages of 25-35 and can

be passed down generations. Treatment includes exercise, medication, and

surgery.

Reproductive System and Development

Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is when the cells of the cervix

grow out of control. Symptoms including bleeding of the vagina and

painful sex. Having sex with someone who has human

papillomavirus greatly increases your odds. Treatments include a hysterectomy,

chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Senses

Senses The function of

the sensory receptors is to receive stimuli from our surroundings.

They are located in the skin, eyes, nasal cavity, tongue, and ears.

Senses Rhodopsin is a

purple pigment in the rods of retina.

Rhodopsin aids in cell signaling by changing the shape of the eye due to amount of light being received by sensory receptors.

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www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal_and_metabolic_disorders/biology_of_the_endocrine_system/endocrine_function.html

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www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Sensory-Receptors.topicArticleId-277792,articleId-277647.html