Human anatomyMUSCULAR SYSTEM

dr. Dea Amanda dr. Dea Amanda Program Studi Ilmu KeperawatanProgram Studi Ilmu Keperawatan

Unitri MalangUnitri Malang

The muscular system is made The muscular system is made up of..up of..

muscles&

tendons

Tendon vs LigamenTendon vs Ligamen

Why do I need tendons?Why do I need tendons?

Feel your tendon right above your heel in the back of your leg..

Tendons attach my muscles to my bone helping my body move..

This is the thickest tendon in your body..

My muscles move my

body like

strings move a puppet..

1. All types of body

movement

Fungsi Otot..Fungsi Otot..

2. Penopang tubuh

& maintain posture

Fungsi Otot..Fungsi Otot..

3. Produksi panas

Fungsi Otot..Fungsi Otot..

How do muscles work?How do muscles work?Muscles can't push, They pull..

Muscles often work in pairs,so that they can pull in

different / opposite directions

Ciri2 Otot..Ciri2 Otot..1) Kontraktilitas serabut

otot (=muscle cell/muscle fiber) contracts

2) Ekstensibilitas ability to stretch me>i pjg otot (saat relax)

3) Elastisitas dpt kembali ke ukuran semula stlh contracts /stretch

Ways to Strengthen Ways to Strengthen the Muscular Systemthe Muscular System

• Eat well-balanced meals (protein)

• Exercise at least 3 times a week

• Can you think of more ways?

Klasifikasi..Klasifikasi..

• Struktural:1. Skeletal muscle2. Cardiac muscle3. Smooth muscle

• Fungsional:– Volunter : 1– Involunter : 2,3

Types of Muscle..Types of Muscle..

Types of Muscle..Types of Muscle..

1. Skeletal Muscle1. Skeletal Muscle

Naming Skeletal Naming Skeletal Muscles..Muscles..

Action

Origin&

Insertion

ShapeNumber

OfOrigins

Size

Location

Direction ofMuscleFibers

SkeletalMuscle

Direction of Muscle Direction of Muscle Fibers..Fibers..

Relative to the Midline• RECTUS = parallel to

the midline– Rectus Abdominus

• TRANSVERSUS = perpendicular to midline– Transversus

Abdominus

• OBLIQUE = diagonal to midline– Obliqus external – Obliqus internal

Location..Location.. Structure near which muscle is found

– FRONTALIS = near FRONTAL bone

– OCCIPITALIS = near OCCIPITAL bone

Size..Size.. Relative Size of Muscle

• MAXIMUS = largest– Gluteus Maximus

• MEDIUS = middle– Gluteus Medius

• MINIMUS = smallest– Gluteus Minimus

Size..Size.. Relative Size of

Muscle

• LONGUS = longest– Fibularis Longus

• BREVIS = short– Fibularis Brevis

• TERTIUS = shortest– Fibularis Tertius

Number of Origins..Number of Origins.. Number of tendons

of origin

• BICEPS = Two– Biceps Brachii

• TRICEPS = Three– Triceps Brachii

Number of Origins..Number of Origins..

Number of tendons of origin

• QUADRICEPS = Four– Quadriceps Femoris

Shape..Shape..

Relative Shape of the Muscle

• DELTOID = triangular shape Δ

• TRAPEZIUS = trapezoid shape

• SERRATUS = saw-toothed ♒

• RHOMBOIDEUS = rhomboid shape

• TERES = round ○

Origin & Insertion..Origin & Insertion..

• Origo: attachment to an immoveable bone

• Insersio: attachment to a movable bone

• CORACOBRACHIALIS= attaches to the proc. Coracoideus & humerus

Action..Action..NAME ACTION EXAMPLE

FLEXOR Decrease angle at a joint Flexor Carpi Radialis

EXTENSOR Increase angle at a joint Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

ABDUCTOR Move bone away from midline

Abductor Pollicis Longus

ADDUCTOR Move bone toward midline Adductor Longus

LEVATOR Produce upward movement Levator Scapulae

DEPRESSOR Produce downward movement

Depressor Labii Inferioris

SUPINATOR Turn palm upward/anterior Supinator

PRONATOR Turn palm downward/posterior Pronator Teres

Head & Neck MusclesHead & Neck Muscles

Head & Neck MusclesHead & Neck Muscles

• Frontalis: elevate eyebrows

• Orbicularis Oculi: close eyelid

• Zygomaticus: draw angle of lip upward

• Buccinator: draws cheeks against teeth

• Orbicularis Oris: closes mouth

• Platysma: draws lower lip down & back

• Cranial Aponeurosis: connects frontalis to occipitalis

• Temporalis: elevates mandible

• Occipitalis: draws scalp back

• Masseter: elevates mandible

• Sternocleidomastoid:– Flexes head– Draws head toward

shoulder

Muscles of MasticationMuscles of Mastication

• Masseter: elevates mandible

• Temporalis: elevates mandible

• Medial pterygoid: elevates mandible

• Lateral pterygoid: depresses mandible

Key Muscles of Facial Key Muscles of Facial ExpressionExpression

Frowning Muscles– Frontalis– Orbicularis Oris– Depressor Anguli

Oris– Depressor Labii

Inferioris– Mentalis– Platysma

• Smiling Muscles– Orbicularis Oculi– Nasalis– Levator Labii

Superioris– Levator Anguli

Superioris– Zygomaticus

Key Muscles of Facial Key Muscles of Facial ExpressionExpression

to becontinued..