Hubble Space Telescope and Its Successor

8/3/2019 Hubble Space Telescope and Its Successor

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SWETA DAS

0811012052

ECE-A


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How does a telescope work?

Hubble History

Deeper into Hubble

Optical Assembly

Scientific Instruments

Spacecraft Systems

Hubble Successor-JamesWebb SpaceTelescope How doesWebb contrasts Hubble?

References


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A telescope is an instrument that aids in observing distant objects by collecting

electromagnetic radiation from them.

Basic telescope

Electromagnetic spectrum and earths transmittance


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The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carriedinto orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4 meter (about8 ft.) aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments

observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared. The telescope is named

after the astronomer Edwin Hubble.

Hubble's orbit outside the distortion of Earth's atmosphere allows it to takeextremely sharp images with almost no background light.

Hubble's Ultra Deep Field image, for instance, is the most detailed visible

light image ever made of the universe's most distant objects.

Many Hubble observations have led to breakthroughs in astrophysics, such asaccurately determining the rate of expansion of the universe .

Hubble is the only telescope designed to be serviced in space by astronauts.Between 1993 and 2002, five missions repaired, upgraded, and replaced systems

on the telescope .It is expected to work until atleast 2014.


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Hubble telescope mainly consists of 3 important parts to carry out itsmultiple missions

Optical assembly

Scientific instruments

Spacecraft systems


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Light enters Hubble's aperture and travels down

the main baffle. A baffle is a surface which

eliminates stray light.

Light is reflected by the primary mirror which measures

about 8 feet (2.4 meters) in diameter. Because of the

concave shape, the primary mirror converges the light

to the secondary mirror through a secondary baffle.

The secondary mirror, measuring about 1 foot (0.3 m)

in diameter receives the light. It in turn reflects

the still-converging light back toward the primary

mirror through a central baffle.

The light travels through a hole in the primary mirror,

to reach the focal plane, where the science instruments

examine the light.


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Hubble's scientific instruments work either togetheror individually to bring us stunning images from the

farthest reaches of space. Presently, Hubble can

accommodate five scientific instruments and

three fine guidance sensors.

Depending on the position of the instruments , they are classified as axial bays andradial bays.

Axial bay houses 5 main instruments namely :

Advanced camera for surveys(ACS)Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement(COSTAR)

Cosmic Origins Spectrograph(COS)

Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer(NICMOS)

Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph(STIS)


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Radial bays houses

Wide Field Camera 3(WFC3)3 Fine Guiding Sensors(FGS)


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Several spacecraft support systems are required to keep Hubble functioningsmoothly in space.These systems are located around the body of the spacecraft

and encompassed by the outer hull.


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The James Webb Space Telescope is an infrared-detecting

observatory that will soar through space at the Second Sun-Earth

Lagrange Point, an orbit far beyond Earth's Moon.

Webb's giant sunshield will protect it from stray heat and light,

while its large mirror enables it to effectively capture infrared light,

bringing us the clearest picture ever of objects that emit this invisible

radiation early galaxies, just-forming stars, clouds of gas and dust,

and much more.

At this distant orbit, the Webb telescope is too far from Earth to

have the protection of our planet's magnetic field, which blocks

high-energy cosmic rays

Webb has an ambitious design that tackles the two main challenges for an infrared telescope: it

has to have a large mirror, in order to best capture the long infrared wavelength; and it has to be

kept cold, in order to keep

unwanted sources of infrared from interfering with the emissions it attempts to detect.

Webb's most innovative component is its primary mirror, which will be folded up to fit inside

the rocket that launches it into space, and unfold once it nears its orbit.


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SIZE

ORBIT

Hubble is 13.2 m long and its max

diameter is 4.2mWebbs sunsheild is 22m by 12m

Hubble orbits the earth.Webb will sit at earth-sun L2 point


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WAVELENGTH

HOW FAR TO SEE?

Webb works in infrared and some parts of visible region(0.6-.28micrometers) whereas Hubble

works in ultraviolet and visible region (0.1-0.8microns)

Hubble can see the equivalent of "toddler

galaxies" and WebbTelescope will be able

to see "baby galaxies".


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The HST is arguably the most significant device ever devised and fielded.

It has given us spectacular images of distant stars and galaxies.

It accurately determined the age of the universe to be 13 to 14 billion

years old.

It showed that the universe is not only expanding but also accelerating.

Eventually when Hubbles time will end it will be replaced by the Webb

space telescope which is much better and bigger than its space

counterpart.

The discoveries that webb will make will give us an idea about the origin

of many ancient and farthest stars and galaxies.It will help us in knowingour universe in a better manner.


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http://hubble.nasa.gov/ncs-story/event-01.php

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope

http://hubblesite.org/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope


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THANK YOU

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Hubble Space Telescope and Its Successor