Huawei LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

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LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Agenda

LTE RNP Dimensioning

1 LTE RNP Overview

2

LTE Co-location Solution3

LTE Deployment Strategy4



Huawei LTE Radio Network Planning Main Steps

Detailed Planning

Inputs: Coverage, Capacity & Service Requirement

Outputs: eNodeB coverage radius and site numbers based on capacity calculation

Inputs: Calculated coverage radius, digital map and subscriber distribution information

Outputs: Preliminary eNodeB numbers

Inputs: Coverage target and site survey result

Outputs: Actual site location and engineering parameters

Dimensioning

Preplanning



The operator provides:Naming conventionsExisting sites information

Preparation

Network DeploymentDetailed Planning

n Coverage area (Dense urban, Urban, Suburban )n Quality objective (QoS criteria)n Capacity requirement (Subscriber, traffic model)n Link budget parameters (Penetration loss, Propagation model)

Agreement achieved bythe operatorand Huawei

n Link budgetn Capacity dimensioningn Site numbers/configurationn Cell radius in each morphologyn Network development solution

Huawei deliver

The output of dimensioning is important criteria toassess RNP solution

nBackground Interference Test (optional)n Propagation model tuning (optional)

n Site survey/candidate site searchn Neighbor cell configurationnCell parameters configurationn Algorithm configuration

NominalPlanning

n Site location/ RF parameters configurationsn Search ring specificationsn prediction & Simulationn Cluster definition for project management

Detail LTE Radio Network Planning



Site Type

Input Output

LTE RNP Output Overview

Coverage Requirement-- Coverage Area-- Polygon Definition-- Cell Edge Throughput-- Coverage Probability

Capacity Requirement-- Frequency bandwidth -- Subscriber forecast-- Traffic Model

Active Users

S1&X2 Throughput

Power/Channel

eNodeB Number



Agenda


LTE RNP Overview

Coverage Dimensioning

Capacity Dimensioning

Active User Dimensioning

S1&X2 Dimensioning

LTE Co-location Solution

LTE Deployment Strategy

1

2

3

4



LTE Radio Network Dimensioning Flow

Link Budget

Cell Radius


Satisfy Capacity Requirement?

CapacityRequirement

Adjust eNodeB Number

No

Yes

Active User/S1&X2Dimensioning

eNodeB Amount&Configuration

CoverageRequirement

Start

End



Agenda


LTE RNP Overview




S1&X2 Dimensioning



1

2

3

4



LTE Coverage Dimensioning Flow

n Aim of coverage dimensioning- to obtain the cell radius- to estimate eNodeB number for coverage requirement

Link Budget

Cell Radius

eNodeB Coverage Area

Total Coverage Area/eNodeB Coverage Area

PropagationModel

eNodeB Number

Start

End


HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 10HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

LTE Link Budget Procedure Uplink

GainMarginLoss

UE Antenna Gain

BTS Ant Gain

Other Gain Slow fading margin

Interference margin

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

Path Loss

Body Loss

Rx Sensitivity

TxPower

EIRP

Pow

er le

vel

Link segments

Max

. Allo

wed

Pat

h Lo

ss


HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 11HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

LTE Link Budget Procedure Downlink

TxPower

BTS Ant Gain

UE Ant Gain

Other Gain Slow fading margin

Interference margin

Body Loss

Cable Loss

Penetration Loss

Path Loss

Rx Sensitivity

Objective: Max.

Allowed Path Loss

Pow

er le

vel

Link segments

EIRP

Max

. Allo

wed

Pat

h Lo

ss

GainMarginLoss


HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

128kbps 256kbps 512kbps

0.67

0.59

0.490.46

0.410.35

0.460.41

0.35

HSPA+2.1G@5MHz

LTE2.6G@5MHz

LTE2.6G@20MHz

Cell

Radi

us(k

m)

Cell Edge Throughput

Uplink Cell Radius Comparison

Page 12

Coverage Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE

n LTE 2.6G has much better coverage in DL than HSPA+ 2.1G; But HSPA+ 2.1G has better coverage in UL than LTE 2.6G.

n LTE can reuse existing 3G sites, no additional LTE alone sites are required at the beginning of LTE deployment.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0.90(km) 0.56(km) 0.36(km)

256 5121024

643

1397

25282690

3634

7056

HSPA+2.1G@5MHz

LTE2.6G@5MHz

LTE2.6G@20MHz

Cell

Edge

Thr

ough

put(

kbps

)

Cell Radius

Downlink Cell Edge Throughput Comparison



Agenda


LTE RNP Overview




S1&X2 Dimensioning



1

2

3

4



LTE Capacity Dimensioning Flow

Cell Average Throughput Calculation

Subscribers Supported per Cell

Traffic ModelAnalysis

eNodeB Number

Configuration Analysis

Start

End

eNodeB Number(initialized by Coverage Dimensioning)

Adjust eNodeB Number

NoSatisfy Capacity Requirement?Total Subscribers

Yes



Scenario Parameters

Morphology Sectorization Bandwidth

MC Parameters

snapshot numbers Schedule Strategy

Cell Parameters Carrier Frequency

Input

Cell Average Throughput

Output

MonteCarlo Simulation

LTE Cell Average Throughput Calculation

Carrier power



Frequency Bandwidth ScenarioCell Average Throughput Peak ThroughputMulti-users

DL(Mbps) UL(Mbps) DL(Mbps) UL(Mbps)

2600MHz

5MHzUrban 8.173 4.715 43 39

Suburban 6.266 3.342 43 39

10MHzUrban 16.918 9.761 86 55

Suburban 12.971 6.918 86 55

15MHzUrban 25.546 14.739 129 126

Suburban 19.587 10.446 129 126

20MHzUrban 34.344 19.814 172 165

Suburban 26.332 14.044 172 165

n LTE 2600MHz Cell Average Throughput with different bandwidth

LTE Cell Average Throughput

LTE Cell Average Throughput (Urban)

Frequency Band (MHz) Bandwidth (MHz) DL (Mbps) UL (Mbps)

2600 20 34.344 19.814

1800 20 34.719 21.675

800 20 35.218 24.704

n Capacity comparison with different frequency band



0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

HSUPA 10ms HSUPA 2ms HSUPA 16QAM LTE 5 MHz LTE 10MHz LTE 20MHz

UL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps)

Capacity Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

HSPA(16QAM)

HSPA+(64QAM)

HSPA+(MIMO)

HSPA+(MIMO+64QAM)

HSPA+(DC+16QAM)

HSPA+(DC+64QAM)

LTE 5MHz

LTE 10MHz

LTE 20MHz

DL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps)



Traffic Model Analysis

Traffic Parameters

UL DL

Bearer Rate(Kbps)

PPP SessionTime(s)

PPP Session Duty Ratio BLER

Bearer Rate(Kbps)

PPP Session Time(s)

PPP Session Duty Ratio BLER

VoIP 26.90 108 0.6 1% 26.90 108 0.6 1%

Video Phone 62.53 36 1 1% 62.53 36 1 1%

Video Conference 62.53 1800 1 1% 62.53 1800 1 1%

IMS Signalling 15.63 7 0.2 1% 15.63 7 0.2 1%

Web Browsing 62.53 1800 0.05 1% 250.11 1800 0.05 1%

File Transfer 140.69 600 1 1% 750.34 600 1 1%

P2P file sharing 250.11 1200 1 1% 750.34 1200 1 1%

User Behavior Traffic Penetration Ratio BHSABusy Hour Throughput Per User (bps)

UL DL

Video Conference 0.00% 0.2 6316 6316

IMS Signalling 0.00% 5 31 31

Web Browsing 100.00% 0.4 632 2526

File Transfer 20.00% 0.2 4737 25264

Email 10.00% 0.2 395 632

P2P file sharing 20.00% 0.4 33685 101055

Total - - 8355 27853

Traffic Model varies from different operators which is mainly used to calculate Busy Hour Throughput per User.



Traffic Model Comparison b/w LTE and UMTS

Standard UMTS Traffic Model Standard LTE Traffic ModelService type Unit UL Throughput DL Throughput Unit Value

Voice Erl/BH 0.0400 0.0400 VOIP mErl/BH 40

CS64 Erl/BH 0.000320 0.000320 Video Phone mErl/BH 10

PS64 Kbit/BH 460.80 69.12 Other PS Traffic Kbps 50

PS128 Kbit/BH 0.00 1105.92 Total UL Traffic Kbps 11.27

PS384 Kbit/BH 0.00 207.36 Total DL Traffic Kbps 41.27

CS over HSPA Erl/BH 0.0000 0.0000

VoIP over HSPA Erl/BH 0.0000 0.0000

HSPA Kbit/BH 5299.20 15897.60

n UMTS traffic model is much more complex than that of LTE because there are many kinds of CS and PS services in UMTS.n There are only PS services (even VOIP and Video Phone) in LTE so that LTE traffic model can be very simple;



DL Cell Average CapacityStep 1 a 34.344Mbps/cell

Designed DL Cell LoadingStep 2 b 50% Cell loading assumed

Designed DL Cell CapacityStep 3

Peak to Average RatioStep 4 d 20%

Sector number per siteStep 6 f 3 sectors

Subscribers supported in a siteStep 7 g = c * f / (1+d)/e = 2140 subscribers

Average DL BH Throughput/sub.Step 5 e 20kbps

Assumptions:S11120MHz20kbps per user in DLPeak to Average Ratio 20% in BH

c = a x b =17.127Mpbs

LTE Capacity Dimensioning Case Study



Agenda


LTE RNP Overview




S1&X2 Dimensioning



1

2

3

4




3600/_**__*__ UserNumberPRatRrcToPPTimeSessionPPPBHSAiActiveUserNumber =

=i

iServicePercentageiActiveUserNumberActiveUserNumberTotal __*____

PPP Session

Packets

Data call (session) WWW Data call (session) WWWtime

RRC1RRC

timeRRC2 RRC3

Packet1

time

Packet2

Packet3

RRC_Idle

RRC_Connected

(Active User)

PPP Session

Packets

Data call (session) WWW Data call (session) WWWtime

RRC1RRC

timeRRC2 RRC3

Packet1

time

Packet2

Packet3

RRC_Idle

RRC_Connected

(Active User)

BHCA: Busy Hour Session Attempt

PPP Time: Duration of PPP Session

Ratio of RRC to PPP: Percentage of RRC during one PPP session

Number of User: Number of users using service i

Active User Definition Active users is also called RRC-Connected Users which refer to the users having a RRC

connection with the network Directly influences eNodeB quotation and controlled by software license



Active User Dimensioning Case Study

User Parameter DL UL

scene UE Type BHCA PPPTime (s)Percenta

geRatRrcT

oPPPRatPackToRrc

Ave data

rate in packet(kbps)

RatRrcToPPP

RatPackToRrc

Ave data rate in

packet(kbps)

Dense Urban

Handset 1.4 300 70% 1 0.4 128 1 0.4 128

Data Card 2.5 300 20% 0.8 0.8 500 0.8 0.5 100

Wireless DSL 1 2400 10% 0.9 0.8 300 0.9 0.3 100

Urban

Handset 1.3 80 50% 1 0.4 50 1 0.4 50

Data Card 2 300 30% 0.8 0.8 220 0.4 0.8 100

Wireless DSL 0.8 1800 20% 0.6 0.7 300 0.3 0.7 100

Dense Urban Urban

Parameter DL UL DL UL

Throughput/User/BH (kbps) 31.9 7.6 17.4 3.6

number of subscribers in one Site 398 800

Num Active User 70 82

Active Ratio 0.18 0.10

Ave data rate /Active User (kbps) 181.5 43.5 169.8 34.8

=Min (Total number of Subscribers / Total number of eNodeBs, maximum subscribers supported considering

traffic requirement)



Active User Dimensioning Case Study

User BehaviorTraffic

Penetration Ratio

BHSA PPP Session Time(s)RatRrcToP

PP Active Time

VoIP 100.00% 1 108 1 108.00

Video Phone 100.00% 1 36 1 36.00

Video Conference 0.00% 0.2 1800 1 0.00

Real Time Gaming 0.00% 0.2 1800 0.8 0.00

Streaming Media 0.00% 0.2 3600 0.8 0.00

IMS Signalling 0.00% 5 7 0.8 0.00

Web Browsing 100.00% 0.4 1800 0.8 576.00

File Transfer 20.00% 0.2 600 0.8 19.20

Email 10.00% 0.2 50 0.8 0.80

P2P File Sharing 20.00% 0.4 1200 0.8 76.80

Active Time per Subscriber - - - - 816.80

Active Factor per Subscriber - - - - 0.23

Max. Subscriber Number Supported per Site - - - - 860.00

Actual Subscriber Number per Site - - - - 135.00

Active User Number per Site - - - - 30.63



Agenda


LTE RNP Overview




S1&X2 Dimensioning



1

2

3

4



MSC/SGSN/GGSN

BSC RNC

BTS BTS NodeB NodeB

2G/3G: Legacy Architecture LTE: Flat Architecture

S1&X2 Interface of LTE



S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (1)

Traffic Ratio of UL =x

Traffic Ratio of UL = Traffic Ratio of DL =x

Traffic Ratio of DL =

Data Traffic/Subs. (UL)= Data Traffic of all QCI type/Subs. *Traffic Ratio of UL

xData Traffic/Subs. (UL)

= Data Traffic of all QCI type/Subs. *Traffic Ratio of UL

Data Traffic/Subs. (DL)= Data Traffic of all QCI type/Subs. *Traffic Ratio of DL

xData Traffic/Subs. (DL)

= Data Traffic of all QCI type/Subs. *Traffic Ratio of DL

Traffic Ratio of UL =x

Traffic Ratio of UL =1/(1+4) = 20% Traffic Ratio of DL =

x

Traffic Ratio of DL =4/(1+4) = 80%

Data Traffic/Subs. (UL)= Data Traffic of all QCI type/Subs. *Traffic Ratio of UL

xBH Data Traffic/Subs. (UL)

= BH Data Traffic/Sub.*Traffic Ratio of UL

= 25kbps * 20% =5kbps

Data Traffic/Subs. (DL)= Data Traffic of all QCI type/Subs. *Traffic Ratio of DL

xBH Data Traffic/Subs. (DL)

=BH Data Traffic/Subs.*Traffic Ratio of DL= 25kbps * 80% = 20kbps

Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Maclayer= Data Traffic/Subs *ER= 5 * 1.37 = 6.85(UL)

Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Maclayer= Data Traffic/Subs *ER= 5 * 1.37 = 6.85(UL)

Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Maclayer= Data Traffic/Subs *ER= 20 * 1.37 = 27.4kbps(DL)

Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Maclayer= Data Traffic/Subs *ER= 20 * 1.37 = 27.4kbps(DL)

Traffic Peak Ratio = 1.2Traffic Peak Ratio = 1.2

T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs.= 6.85*1.2 = 8.22kbpsT_UL_Data Traffic/Subs.= 6.85*1.2 = 8.22kbps

Subs/Site = 1000Subs/Site = 1000

T_UL_user plane/site= T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site= 8.22 * 1000 = 8.22Mbps

T_UL_user plane/site= T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site= 8.22 * 1000 = 8.22Mbps

T_DL_user plane/site= T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site= 32.88 * 1000 = 32.88Mbps

T_DL_user plane/site= T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site= 32.88 * 1000 = 32.88Mbps

T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs.= 27.4*1.2 = 32.88kbpsT_DL_Data Traffic/Subs.= 27.4*1.2 = 32.88kbps

T_Total_user plane/site= T_UL_user plane/site + T_DL_user plane/site= 8.22 + 32.88 = 41.1Mbps

T_Total_user plane/site= T_UL_user plane/site + T_DL_user plane/site= 8.22 + 32.88 = 41.1Mbps

1) Uplink and downlink busy hour datatraffic volume per subscriber is25kbps

2) Traffic data ratio for uplink anddownlink is 1:4

3) Peak to average traffic ratio is 1.24) Number of subscribers per eNodeB

is 10005) Assuming IPV4 and IPsec with

tunnel mode is used for IP overEthernet transmission

6) Assuming the packet size is 300bytes which means the ER is 1.37



MbpsSitePlaneuserTotalTplanecontrolT 82.0%2*1.412*/___ _ ===

MbpsSiteplaneuserTotalTSitePlanecontrolTSiteST 92.411.4182.0/___/__/1_ =+=+=

MbpsSiteSTSiteXT 26.1%3*92.41%3*/1_/2_ ===

Control Plane

S1 Bandwidth

X2 Bandwidth

S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (2)



CS TrafficVoice TrafficVP Traffic

GoS Requirements

SubscribersSubs per NodeB

PS TrafficPS64 ThroughputPS128 ThroughputPS384 Throughput

PS Retransmission

HSPA Traffic

CS Iub Bandwidth

PS Iub Bandwidth

Bandwidth for Traffic

HSPA Iub Bandwidth

Common Channel Bandwidth

Signalling Bandwidth

O&M Bandwidth

Iub Bandwidth

Input Iub Dimensioning Output


GoS Requirements


GoS Requirements




PS Retransmission


PS Retransmission

HSPA TrafficHSPA Traffic

CS Iub BandwidthCS Iub Bandwidth

PS Iub BandwidthPS Iub Bandwidth



HSPA Iub BandwidthHSPA Iub

Bandwidth



Signalling BandwidthSignalling Bandwidth

O&M BandwidthO&M Bandwidth

Iub BandwidthIub Bandwidth

Input Iub Dimensioning Output

Comparison between Iub and S1 Bandwidth

M&OCCHSignalling

HSPAAverage_CSPSPeak_CSTotal

IubIubIub)]IubIubIub(,Iub[MaxIub

+++++=

Iub Bandwidth S1 Bandwidth

planeuserTplanecontrolTplaneuserTS

_*%)21( _ _1

+=+=

Throughput at Mac layer/Subs.

S1 User Plane Dimensioning

Output

SubscribersPer

eNodeB

Uplink and downlink

data Traffic per subs.

Input

Extension Ratio (ER)

Peak to Average Ratio

Peak Throughput at

Mac layer/Subs.

Peak Throughput at Mac layer/Site

S1 user Plane Throughput



Agenda


1 LTE RNP Overview

2





LTE Co-location General Consideration

Co-existing Systems InterferenceGuard band & isolation requirement

Installation Space Tower Load Impact on existing network

Coverage performance, optimization

Civil Work & Maintenance Cost

Reuse & replacing

etc



Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna & Feeder

Existing 2G/3G 2G/3G + LTE

Just taking wide-band

for example

Advantages No impact on the performance of

existing network.

Independent tilt and azimuth,

independent network planning

and optimization.

Disadvantages Require more installation space

for both antenna and feeder.

Require higher tower load.

Too many antennas, causing

vision pollution.

Recommendation The highest priority of

consideration2G/3G

Single-band2600

(K80010541)

LTE26002G/3G

New equipments

Existing equipments



Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna, Shared Feeder


Advantages Reusing existing feeder, no need

additional space for new feeder.

Independent tilt and azimuth,

independent network planning

and optimization.

Disadvantages Require more antenna installation

space and higher tower load.

Additional diplexer cost.

Additional diplexer loss, negative

impact on existing network

Too many antennas, causing vision

pollution.

Recommendation Applicable to impossible

additional feeder2G/3G 2G/3G LTE

New equipments

Existing equipments

Single-band2600

(K80010541)

Combiner is required.



Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna, Separate Feeder


Advantages No need additional space for

new antenna .

No or Small impact on

performance of existing network.

Disadvantages Require more feeder installation

space.

Replacing new antenna.

Independent tilt but same azimuth,

partly independent network planning

and optimization.

Recommendation New antenna should keep same

beam width and gain for least

negative impact on existing

network.

New equipments

Existing equipments

2G/3G 2G/3G LTE

Multi-bandwithout interior

combiner(K80010544/K80010622)



Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (1)



new antenna and feeder.

Reusing existing feeder.

Disadvantages Replacing new antenna.

Independent tilt but same azimuth,

partly independent network planning

and optimization.

Additional diplexer cost and loss,

negative impact on existing network.


beam width for least negative

impact on existing network.

RRU installed near the antenna.

Thicker feeder (optional).

New equipments

Existing equipments

2G/3G 2G/3G LTE

Multi-bandwithout interior

combiner(K80010544/K80010622)




Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (2)



new antenna and feeder.

Reusing existing feeder.

Disadvantages Replacing new antenna or existing

antenna is wide band.

Same tilt & azimuth, impossible

independent network planning and

optimization.

Additional diplexer cost and loss,

negative impact on existing network.


beam width for least negative

impact on existing network.

It s not recommended if other

solution is applicable.

New equipments

Existing equipments

2G/3G 2G/3G LTE

Wide-band(K80010621)




Agenda


1 LTE RNP Overview

2





Throughput

Urban/Hot Spotl GSM900, GSM1800l UMTS2100l LTE2600, LTE1800

Initiate LTE 2600, refarm GL1800/900 from urban to rural

Suburbanl GSM900, GSM1800l UMTS2100l LTE1800

Rural/Remotel GSM900, GSM1800l UMTS2100l LTE900

High frequency for capacity enhancement

Low frequency for nation wide coverage

Area

LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy



Shifting Voice Traffic to UMTS

Shifting DATA Traffic to LTE

Shifting Voice Traffic to LTE

Year X Year X+1 Year X+2 Year X+3

LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy



LTE Deployment Strategy Case

Phase Year X Year Y Year Z

Deployment Strategy

DescriptionContinuously cover Dense Urbanarea and some hotspots in Urbanarea such as CBD, malls, resorts,VIP area, Rich area and so on.

Continuously cover all cities inUrban area. Perform optimizationand introduce indoor DAS basedon existing coverage area.

Extend to all Suburban area andRural/Desert populated spots, aswell as highway to cover wholecountry. Continue optimizationand indoor DAS coverage.

Number of Sites a b c


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Documents

Huawei LTE Radio Network Planning Introduction