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Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization

Industrial Revolution – output of goods is increased by intro. of machines Began in England during the 18th century

What are textiles?

Simply, it’s fabric that makes our clothing.


The revolution 1st began with agriculture Wealthy landowners bought up small chunks of land to form one big field (called an

enclosure)

They closed it off with fences, hedges, large rocks and other earthly materials. Some even planted trees

The enclosed lands (larger tracts of lands) offered the chance for experimentation

Planted deep & spaced rows (Awesome)

Just threw some seeds out (Horrible idea!)

Planted an inch down (so, so)

Planted deep, but my rows are all jacked up! (Pretty Good!)


The enclosures had (2) effects: Experimentation (New ways of planting & new techniques)

• Jethro Tull invented the seed drill (Planted seeds so further down and in even rows)

• Before Jethro, farms used to just scatter seeds and hope they would grow

The small farmers went out of business (They went to town to look for new work)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqhdumfLtJw

Yee-Haw! Dem seeds er gonna grow!

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization Crop Rotation - Growing different crops year-after-year to restore nutrients

to the ground. 4-Year Cycle

• Year 1: Wheat

• Year 2: Root Vegetables (Beets, Leeks, Radishes)

• Year 3: Corn

• Year 4: Legumes (Beans, Peas, Lentils)

Livestock also evolved Robert Bakewell increased mutton (Sheep) output by breeding only the best, strongest, and

healthiest sheep • Other farmers followed suit

• Between 1700-1786 the weight for lambs increased from 18 – 50 pounds. What is the percent of change

Corn

GBs

Corn

GBs


% of change

18 – 50 pounds

Average of 14 points scored to 38 points scored.

Section 1- The Beginnings of Industrialization Cause & Effect (Sequence of Events) Improvements in farming Food supplies increase

Living conditions improve

population increases

Increased demand for food and goods

People who lost land moved More enclosed farms

to the cities for factory work & crop rotation


Industrialization – the process of developing machine production of goods. What do you need for this?

• LAND – Natural Resources, got it (coal, iron ore, rivers for transp., good harbors to port)

• Labor – Smaller farmers are now factory workers, got it

• Capital – Any tool to complete a job, Sort of got it (Not Money)

• Financial Capital – (Is Money)

• Why was England the spot for this?

• Water power & coal to fuel the new machines

• Iron ore to make machines, tools, and buildings

• Rivers for inland transportation

• Harbors that had ports to import and export


Why England? (cont…) Political & Economic Stability

• Had investors to support or create new businesses

• The banking system had a common currency

• Loans were available to start a new business

• Overseas trade was booming

• Laws were passed by parliament to protect business


Major inventions took hold in the textile industry first 1733 – John Kay invented the Flying Shuttle

1764 – James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny

1769 – Richard Arkwright invented the Water Frame

1779 – Sam Crompton invented the Spinning Mule

1787 – Edmund Cartwright invented the Power Loom

1793 – Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin

Because the above machines were H2O or steam-powered, the factories that housed these machines were located by rivers or streams.

Section 1- The Beginnings of IndustrializationImprovements in Transportation

Section 1- The Beginnings of IndustrializationWater Transportation

• 1807, Robert Fulton’s steamboat, the Clermont, made it’s first successful journey

• What are some positives of this economically?• Quicker deliveries• Cheaper costs• More trade


• John McAdam improved road transportation• Laid large bedrock down on dirt roads• Then, laid small bedrock to fill in gaps and make smooth• Prevented people from sinking in muddy roadways

• How do you suppose these rocks were crushed?• Stone mills powered by steam

• This allowed entrepreneurs (investors) to buy the invention and capitalize on it (capitalists).• Charged money at tolls (places to pay money to travel further) to travel on

roadways

Section 1- The Beginnings of IndustrializationRailways

Driven by steam obviously

From early 1800s to late 1820s, locomotives mainly used for hauling natural resources (coal, iron ore, rock, etc.)

1830, first human transport locomotive introduced George Stephenson’s, the Rocket, could travel at a whopping 24 mi. per/hr. w/a payload of 13 tons

Railway advantages? Cheap way to transport goods

Created new jobs

Improved business by being able to transport goods further away to new customers

Allowed people to get jobs elsewhere and start a new trend of vacationing

Assignment

Mind-Map

21st Century Steam-Power

Steam is used to heat surface, kill bacteria/viruses, remove stains, and able to be wiped away.

Shark-Steamer

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