Upload
frederick-lambert
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=td-oOs90Cvo&feature=player_embedded
Russian National Russian National AnthemAnthem
Play as students Play as students come in come in
History of RussiaHistory of RussiaRussian Revolution – Modern RussiaRussian Revolution – Modern Russia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpzLuEpBr_8&feature=related
Pre-Revolutionary RussiaPre-Revolutionary Russia Only true autocracy Only true autocracy
left in Europeleft in Europe No type of No type of
representative representative political institutionspolitical institutions
Nicholas II became Nicholas II became tsar in 1884tsar in 1884
Believed he was the Believed he was the absolute ruler absolute ruler anointed by Godanointed by God
Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War (1904) – defeat led (1904) – defeat led to political to political instabilityinstability
The Revolution of 1905The Revolution of 1905 Rapid growth of Rapid growth of
(discontented) (discontented) working classworking class
Workers Workers concentrated in St. concentrated in St. Petersburg and Petersburg and MoscowMoscow
Little help from the Little help from the countryside: countryside:
- No individual land - No individual land
ownershipownership– Rural FamineRural Famine
World War I: “The Last Straw”World War I: “The Last Straw” War revealed War revealed
the ineptitude the ineptitude and arrogance and arrogance of the of the country’s country’s aristocratic aristocratic eliteelite
Founder of Bolshevism: Vladimir Founder of Bolshevism: Vladimir LeninLenin
His Early YearsHis Early Years
--Exiled to Siberia in --Exiled to Siberia in 18971897
Committed to Class Committed to Class Struggle and RevolutionStruggle and Revolution
Moved to London in 1902 Moved to London in 1902 and befriended Leon and befriended Leon TrotskyTrotsky
Lenin Steps into This VacuumLenin Steps into This Vacuum Amnesty granted to all Amnesty granted to all
political prisoners in political prisoners in March of 1917March of 1917
A tremendously A tremendously charismatic personalitycharismatic personality
““Peace, Land, Bread”Peace, Land, Bread” ““All Power to the All Power to the
Soviets”Soviets” He preached that the He preached that the
war was a war was a capitalist/imperialist war capitalist/imperialist war
Bolshevik party Bolshevik party membership exploded; membership exploded; their power was their power was consolidatedconsolidated
The November The November RevolutionRevolution
Nov. 6, 1917…Nov. 6, 1917… Lenin went on to Lenin went on to
consolidate his consolidate his power in Jan. 1918 power in Jan. 1918 when he when he disbanded the disbanded the Constituent Constituent AssemblyAssembly
All private All private property was property was abolished and abolished and divided among the divided among the peasantrypeasantry
Largest industrial Largest industrial enterprises enterprises nationalizednationalized
November Revolution (cont)November Revolution (cont) Lenin’s 1st task was to Lenin’s 1st task was to
get Russia out of the get Russia out of the war so he could war so he could concentrate on concentrate on internal reform…internal reform…
The The Treaty of Brest-Treaty of Brest-LitovskLitovsk negotiated negotiated with the Germans, with the Germans, giving them much giving them much Russian territory, Russian territory, population, and population, and resourcesresources
Complete breakdown Complete breakdown of Russian economy of Russian economy and societyand society
Five Year PlansFive Year Plans
• German and Russia German and Russia sign Nonaggression sign Nonaggression Pact 1939Pact 1939
•Hitler begins invasion Hitler begins invasion on the same day on the same day Napoleon did June 22, Napoleon did June 22, 19411941
• Russians unprepared Russians unprepared for warfor war
•The Russians retreat The Russians retreat to Moscow Leningrad to Moscow Leningrad and Stalingradand Stalingrad
Stalingrad Stalingrad Turning PointTurning Point
Axis suffered from Axis suffered from 500,000-850,000 500,000-850,000 casualties (killed, casualties (killed, wounded, wounded, captured)captured)
Red Army Red Army suffered a total suffered a total of 1,129,619 of 1,129,619 total casualtiestotal casualties
25,000 to 25,000 to 40,000 40,000 Soviet Soviet civilians diedcivilians died
The Ideological StruggleThe Ideological StruggleSoviet & Soviet &
Eastern Bloc Eastern Bloc NationsNations[“Iron [“Iron
Curtain”]Curtain”]
US & the US & the Western Western
DemocraciesDemocracies
GOALGOAL spread spread world-wide world-wide CommunismCommunism
GOALGOAL “Containment”“Containment” of of Communism & the Communism & the eventual collapse of eventual collapse of the Communist the Communist world.world.[George Kennan][George Kennan]
METHODOLOGIES:METHODOLOGIES:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Arms Race [nuclear escalation]Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Ideological Competition for the minds and Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars” “proxy wars”
Bi-Polarization of Europe [Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATONATO vs. vs. Warsaw Warsaw PactPact]]
Sputnik I (1957)Sputnik I (1957)
The Russians have beaten America The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the in space—they have the
technological edge!technological edge!
Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)(1962)
We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the We went eyeball-to-eyeball with the Russians, and the other man blinked!Russians, and the other man blinked!
Soviet ReformSoviet Reform
Glasnost- Glasnost- transparency in the transparency in the activities of all activities of all government government institutionsinstitutions
Perestroika- Perestroika- restructuring of the restructuring of the Soviet economy and Soviet economy and bureaucracybureaucracy
Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev
Collapse of the Collapse of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
ESPNESPNEconomicEconomic Stagnation occurred Stagnation occurredSocialSocial competition with the West- They wanted equality with competition with the West- They wanted equality with USAUSAPolitical Political Gorbachev's attempted to reform gradually and only Gorbachev's attempted to reform gradually and only partiallypartiallyNature Nature people wanted environmental changespeople wanted environmental changes
US InfluenceUS InfluenceThe United States of America manipulated the USSR economic The United States of America manipulated the USSR economic system through sabotage and other negative activities system through sabotage and other negative activities towards the state and its economy, creating cracks which towards the state and its economy, creating cracks which resulted into USSR breaking apart. resulted into USSR breaking apart.
Loss of Satellite Economies Loss of Satellite Economies The central government was then increasingly pressured by The central government was then increasingly pressured by nationalist movements in the Ukraine, Caucasus, Georgia and nationalist movements in the Ukraine, Caucasus, Georgia and outlying Asian states.outlying Asian states.