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Einstein’s Lens
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Einstein’s Lens
http://www.universeforum.org/einstein/
Einstein’s Lens
Einstein’s big idea
Mass bends space. Light follows the shortest path through space.
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Einstein’s Lens
So a star’s position in the sky…
Einstein’s big idea
Star here…
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Einstein’s Lens
…appears shifted because of the bending.
Einstein’s big idea
Appears to be here
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Einstein’s Lens
The positions of stars in the night sky are known to high accuracy…
Stars here…
…but the Sun’s gravity will warp the space that the starlight travels through
Testing the prediction
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Einstein’s Lens
So when their light passes close by the Sun their positions will appear to change
Appear to be here
…if you could see them during the day!
Testing the prediction
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Einstein’s Lens
On May 29, 1919, the Sun passed in front of the bright Hyades star cluster
…and the Moon passed in front of the Sun.
As predicted…
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Einstein’s Lens
Sky map showing the amount and direction of shift of star positions.
As predicted…
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Einstein’s Lens
Read all about it…
This headline appeared in The New York Times on November 10, 1919.
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Einstein’s Lens
Advances in telescope technology have revealed a universe of illusion!
Lensing goes cosmic…
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Einstein’s Lens
The discovery of identical quasars in the 1970s took gravitational lensing to cosmological scales
Identical twins?
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Einstein’s Lens
Lensing on a cosmic scale
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Einstein’s Lens
The discovery of lensed quasars not only showed the power of Einstein’s idea, but was the proof that the enigmatic quasars were at vast cosmological distances.
Quasar 0957+561 from the VLA radio telescope
Breaking news
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Einstein’s Lens
What shape is your lens?
Spherical lens gives an Einstein ring
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Einstein’s Lens
Elongated lens gives multiple images – Einstein Cross
What shape is your lens?
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Einstein’s Lens
What shape is your lens?
Multiple lenses give multiple sets of arcs and arclets
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Einstein’s Lens
Gravitational lenses have become one of the most important tools in modern astronomy
Nice pictures, but what can lensing do for us?
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Einstein’s Lens
Seeing the most distant - and youngest - galaxies in the universe
1. The biggest magnifying glass in the universe!
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Einstein’s Lens
Different images take different paths, and have different travel times.
2. A new way to measure distance
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Einstein’s Lens
For animation source, see link in notes.QuickTime™ and a
YUV420 codec decompressorare needed to see this picture.
3. Black hole hunting
A black hole’s presence is revealed by its own gravity.
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Einstein’s Lens
A star’s brightness is magnified by a black hole lens.
Just passing through…
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Einstein’s Lens
Lensing maps both the mass we can see, and the mass we can’t.
4. Exposing dark matter
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Einstein’s Lens
5. Ogling alien worlds
Gravitational Microlensing: A whole new way to find planets around other stars
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Einstein’s Lens
Not just proof of an amazing idea, but a cutting-edge tool of 21st century astronomy.
Full circle
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Einstein’s Lens
1919 Eclipse: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
Q2237+0305: J. Rhoads, S. Malhotra, I. Dell'Antonio (NOAO) / WIYN / NOAO / NSF
Identical quasars: STScI (George Rhee)
Quasar diagram: NASA / CXC / M. Weiss
Lens shape diagrams: European Space Agency
Einstein ring: STScI, Imperial College (Steve Warren, Simon Dye)
Einstein Cross: ESA and NASA
Abell 1689: N. Benitez (JHU), et al, and the ACS Science Team, ESA, NASA
Gravitational lensing: NASA, ESA, J. Blakeslee and H. Ford (JHU))
Arcs: ESA, NASA, J.-P. Kneib (Caltech / Obs. Midi-Pyrénées) and R. Ellis (Caltech)
Cloverleaf quasar: NASA / CXC / Penn State / G. Chartas, et al
Lensing animation: Frank Summers (STScI)
Microlensing: NASA and Dave Bennett (University of Notre Dame, Indiana)
CL2244-04: European Southern Observatory
Planet search: OGLE Collaboration
Full circle: NASA, ESA, A. Bolton (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA) and the SLACS Team
ALBERT EINSTEIN and related rights ™/© of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, used under license. Represented by the Roger Richman Agency, Inc., www.albert-einstein.net
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