Http:// Newcastle Yacht Club Navigation Info Session Saturday, January 29, 2011 Bart Bies Brian Brennan Harvey Ostrander

http://www.newcastleyachtclub.com

Newcastle Yacht ClubNavigation Info Session

Saturday, January 29, 2011

Bart BiesBrian BrennanHarvey Ostrander

2Navigation Info Session

Introduction

Welcome

Introductions

Washrooms

Formal Presentation

Break

Real World Examples

Informal Questions and Answers

Hopefully go for 3 hours (to 4pm)


Agenda

Navigation Theory

Navigation Tools

Skills

– Reading Lat/Long from chart

– Plotting a course

– Ded Reckoning

– Fixing a position

– Calculating Distance, Speed, and Time

Real Word Examples:

– Sail Boat leaving Newcastle for Cobourg

– Power Boat leaving Cobourg

• Course to avoid Peter’s Rock

– Sail Boat leaving Cobourg

• Determining when to tack


Latitude

Angular distance from the equator

Place on earth North or South of the equator

Equator is 0°, North Pole is 90°

They run horizontally, but are read vertically, just like a measuring cup.

First part of a co-ordinate

Lines of latitude form a circle parallel to the equator

May have heard of the 49th Parallel


Longitude

Angular distance from the prime meridian

Place on earth East or West of the prime meridian

Expressed in degrees, minutes, seconds

0° to 180° eastward and 180° westward

Vertical lines that a read horizontally, like a ruler

Second part of a co-ordinate

May have heard of the100th meridian“Where the great plains begin”


Co-Ordinates

Where you are anyplace on earth

– Expressed in latitude and longitude

LA before LO (latitude before longitude)

Degrees, minutes, seconds

– one degree can be divided into 60 minutes (')

– one minute can be divided into 60 seconds (“)

– Also 10ths of a second

Newcastle Pier is at:

N 43° 53’ 66.0” W 78° 34’ 54.6”

N 43° 53.66’ W 78° 34.55’

N 43 5366 W 78 3455

N 43 53.660 W 78 34.546


Nautical Mile

One Nautical Mile = 1.15 statute miles = 1.85 km

How did they arrive at this?

– The earth at the equator is approximately 25,000 statute miles round

– Earth is measured in 360 degrees

• Or 360 x 60 = 21,600 minutes

– Divide circumference by number of minutes

• 25,000 / 21,600 = 1.15

Distance equal to one minute of latitude

If you have two positions on the same degree longitude and different latitudes

– Take the difference and convert to minutes

– You have the distance apart in nautical miles

– Q: What is the distance between two lines of latitude (one degree)?

– Q: How far south are we from the 49th parallel?


KNOTS

Speed through water

Boat moving through the water at a speed on ONE NAUTICAL MILE PER HOURis said to be moving at a speed on ONE KNOT

Boat moving at a speed of 10 NAUTICAL MILES PER HOURis said to move at a speed of 10 KNOTS

– Don’t say 10 KNOTS per hour


Magnetic Compass

Points to Magnetic North Pole

Different than the geographic pole that the earth rotates on.

– All charts use the True North Pole

Magnetic North Pole moves slightly with time


Correcting Compass Errors

Must convert Compass direction to True, as chart is done in True.

– And Vice versa

Variation is the failure of the compass to point to true north

– is read from the compass rose on the chart

– is the same for all boats in the same area

– is the same for all directions in the same area

Deviation is the failure of the compass to point to magnetic north

– is caused by local magnetic fields on the boat.

– is specific to an individual boat

– changes with the boats heading

– is read from the Deviation Table on the boat.

NOTE: You can also configure your instruments to display True bearings


Compass Rose

True bearing on chart

Shows magnetic variation from True

Magnetic variation from year to year

Used to plot a course


Converting Compass Readings

T)ele V)ision M)akes D)ull C)hildren add W)onder

T)rue V)irgins M)ake D)ull C)ompany

Examples:

– 192C

– 000C

– 108T

True

(-) East Variation (+) East

Magnetic

(+) West Deviation (-) West

Compass


TVMDC Execises

See Information Sheet handouts


Tools of Navigation

What about marine electronics?

– GPS Chartplotter Loran Radar

– Need backup

– Hard to plan course with GPS

Charting Tools

– Charts

– Pencils and Sharpener

– Erasers

– Rulers

– Dividers

– Magnifying glass

– Log Book or pad of paper

– A direction seeking device (compass)

– A means of sighting and measuring angles

– An accurate means of measuring speed

– An accurate timepiece


Charts

No vessel should be on the water without some form of charts on board

Various commercial publications

– Strip charts/ Ports book/Richardsons

Paper Charts

– Large stiff paper (rolled or folded)

– Chart Title Block

• Shows region, scale, units of depth

• Bottom left will have date of issue/update

– You are responsibility to update them from NOTICE TO MARINERS from Canadian Coast Guard

• Changes and additions to the chart

– Changes to buoys

– New Obstructions

– Discontinuation of lights or fog signals

• Done online with Canadian Coast Guard


Reading Co-ordinates

From the provided chart, read the co-ordinates of the following:

– Port of Newcastle light house

– Westleyville stack

– Port Hope harbour entrance

– Cobourg harbour entrance

On the chart provided, mark the following co-ordinates:

– SE corner of the Darlington exclusion zone

– Peter’s Rock buoy


Reading Distances

Use dividers

Always read distances from the lattitude (side) of the chart.

From the provided chart, calculate the distances from:

– Newcastle to Port Darlington

– Oshawa buoy to SW corner of Darlington exclusion zone

– Port Hope to Peter’s Rock buoy

– Peter’s Rock buoy to Cobourg harbour entrance


Plotting a Course

Boat leaves Newcastle heading south at 4 KNOTS at 10am

– Compass Bearing 192

– Must calculate compass variation and deviation for True bearing

Draw a circle at your starting point

– Record time below circle

– This is called a FIX

Draw course line

– Walk with Rulers from compass rose (or calculate angle with protractor)

Put True bearing above line

Put Speed in knots below line

4.0 S180

4.0 SC180T

4.0 S192M


Deduced Reckoning

Ded Reckoning is an estimate of where you are based on

– Previously known position (FIX)

– Speed

– Course

– Time

Indicated with a half circle on course line

Put time (HHMM) below it

From the previous example, how far out will you be in:

– One hour

– Two hours


Fixing a Position

Need two of more lines of position (LOP)

Should be 120° apart.

Done with handheld bearing device

Must convert bearing to True

Example:

You have sailed for several hours from Newcastle and you take the following bearings:

• Newcastle light house 042C

• Darlington light house 322C

• St Mary’s Cement pier 302C

Where are you?

– Latitude/Longitude?

– What depth of water should you be in

– How far from Newcastle are you?


Calulating Distance and Time

Simple algebra

There are some slide rule tools to calculate this

Use a calculator

Speed in KNOTS

Distance in Nautical Miles

Time is in minutes

Examples

– Distance 12 nm and taken 10 hours, what was your speed?

– Distance 50 nm average speed was 6 KNOTS, how long it take you?

– 4.5 KNOTS speed for 12 ½ hours, how far have you gone?

TD x 60S

SD x 60T

60T x SD


LOG Sheet

Sheet or pad of paper

Jot down events as they happen or as situations/conditions change

Can be transferred to a log book later

Time Lat Long Course Speed Notes

1000 N43 5366 W78 3455 180C 4.0 Left Newcastle with #2

1200 090C 5.0 Tacked

1210 N43 5025 W78 2020 same same Assisted boater

1400 same 6.0 Switched to #1

1530 N43 5684 W78 1003 N/A N/A Arrive Cobourg


Example: Newcastle to Cobourg (Bart)

Sailing Vessel leaves Newcastle under sail at 1000 with wind from N (beam reach)

Course 120 for 2 hours @ 3 knots

– What is your estimated position (latitude/longitude)?

– What depth of water should you be in (feet/fathoms)?

– How many nautical miles are you from Cobourg?

– What course should you take?

– What is your ETA?

Change Course to this new bearing and you find your speed increased to 6 knots

– What is your new ETA?

When Port Hope if off your beam, you take three bearings

• Port Hope 320C

• Westleyville stack 106C

• Radio Tower 186 ft tall 057C

– Fix a position using these three bearings; are you close to your course?

– How far from the Port Hope harbour entrance are you?

– Are you going to clear Peter’s Rock?


Example: Powerboat Cobourg to Newcastle (Harvey)

Powerboat leaves Cobourg at 1000

What compass course should you take to avoid Peter’s Rock?

– You want to avoid the buoy by 500M to the south

After clearing Peter’s Rock, you change course to 243

– What is your ETA to Newcastle?

You really need to get back, so you increase speed to 12 knots

You hit something under the water, shearing your prop off

You determine you aren’t sinking, so you take some bearings:

• Westleyville stack 062C

• Newcastle light house 284C

…before calling the coast guard for assistance

– What is your position (latitude/longitude)

– How far off shore are you?

– What depth of water should you be in?


Example: Sailboat Cobourg to Newcastle (Brian)

SV Moonlight Hismiztress

– Can point 45 degress to the wind

– Can tack through 90 degrees

Leaves Cobourg at 1000 close hauled compass bearing 192 at 4 KNOTS

If she tacks right away, will she clear Peter’s Rock?

After 30/60/90 minutes, plot estimated positions, along bearing 192 at 4 KNOTS

– If she tacks, will she clear Peter’s Rock, or make it to Newcastle on one tack?

– What is the ETA to Newcastle for each case?


Example: Real World GPS Track

SV Still Time Leaves Cobourg on May 30, 2010

Heads due south to try and make Newcastle in one tack

What happened here?


Discussion and Questions

http://www.newcastleyachtclub.com www. capgemini.com

Bart [email protected](905)626-9447

Documents

Http:// Newcastle Yacht Club Navigation Info Session Saturday, January 29, 2011 Bart Bies Brian Brennan Harvey Ostrander