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FP6 IST “Broadband for all”
Network of Excellence Contract n. 027497
e-Photon/ONe+
“Optical Networks: Towards Bandwidth Manageability and Cost Efficiency”
(March 2006 – Feb. 2008)
Coordinator: Fabio Neri, Politecnico di Torino
Project Office: EU Affairs Office, Politecnico di Torino
Contact: [email protected]
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Objectives of e-Photon/ONe+
The NoE is focused on optical networksMain goals:
• integrate and focus the rich technical know-how available in Europe on optical communications and networking
• favour a consensus on the engineering choices towards the deployment of optical networks
• understand how to exploit the unique characteristics of the optical domain for networking applications, and which are the potential advantages of optical technologies in telecommunication networks with respect to electronic technologies
• establish a long-term collaboration between different partners, in terms of research, infrastructure sharing, education and training
• promote and organize activities to disseminate knowledge on optical networks, through coordinated publications, technical events, and interactions with other consortia in the same technical area
The NoE was articulated into two continuative phases: • e-Photon/ONe (Feb.2004 - March 2006)• e-Photon/ONe+ (March 2006 - Feb.2008)
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e-Photon/ONe+ Consortium
40 partner institutions with broad European coverage, coming from:
- 14 member states (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Poland, Portugal, UK)
- 2 candidate countries (Croatia, Turkey)- 1 associated country (Norway)
Consortium Composition:- 31 academic institutions- 3 telecom operators - 2 manufacturer - 4 non-profit research centers
~400 researchers actively involved in the NoE
Total budget: 3.750 K€ (in two years) following 2.900 K€ (for the first phase)
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Consortium composition - I• Politecnico di Torino (PoliTO), Italy – Project Coordinator• Alcatel Italia S.p.A. (ALCATEL), Italy• Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna (DEIS-UNIBO), Italy• Fondazione Ugo Bordoni (FUB), Italy• Politecnico di Milano (PoliMI), Italy• Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento S. Anna (SSSUP), Italy• Telefónica Investigación y Desarrollo (TID), Spain• Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain• Universdad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), Spain• Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Spain• Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Spain• Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), Portugal• Groupe des Ecoles des Télécommunications (GET), France• France Telecom (FT), France• Faculté Polytechnique de Mons (FPMs), Belgium• IBBT (Ghent University) (IBBT), Belgium• Multitel (MULT), Belgium• Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), The Netherlands• Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe Ltd (FLE), United Kingdom• University of Southampton, Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC-CC2), United
Kingdom
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Consortium composition - II• University College London (UCL), United Kingdom• University of Essex (UEssex), United Kingdom• Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Denmark• Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan (Royal Institute of Technology) (KTH), Sweden• Telenor ASA (TELENOR), Norway• Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Heinrich Hertz Institute (Fraunhofer), Germany• Technische Universität Berlin (TUB), Germany• Universität Duisburg-Essen / Campus Duisburg (UDE), Germany• Universitaet Stuttgart, Institute of Communication Networks and Computer Engineering (UST-
IKR), Germany• Technische Universitaet Wien, Institute of Broadband Communications (TUW), Austria• Akademia Gorniczo-Hutnicza (AGH), Poland• Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME), Hungary • Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Fakultet Elektrotehnike i Racunarstva (TELFER), Croatia• Research and Education Society in Information Technologies (AIT), Greece• Research Academic Computer Technology Institute (CTI), Greece• Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens
(ICCS/NTUA), Greece• National and Kapodestrian University of Athens (UoA), Greece• University of Pelopennese, Tripoli (UoPelop), Greece• Bilkent Universitesi (BILKENT), Turkey• The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Cambridge (UCAM-DENG), UK
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Integration is the key objective
Integration goals• Strengthen contacts between partners• Focus research on optical networking• Stimulate exchanges of researchers and lecturers• Support knowledge management and circulation of
information• Sharing of research topics and activities• Sharing of lab infrastructures• Develop common educational programs• Support innovation management
The NoE is managed on the model of a university, with Virtual Departments [VDs] and specific Joint Projects [JPs]
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Virtual Departments
• Integration activities are organized in thematic structures called Virtual Departments (VDs)
• Viewing e-Photon/ONe+ as a large virtual European research structure (e.g. a university), it is possible to envisage different departments to which people affiliate according to topics. Departments have chairpersons who decide on the activities and the internal organization.
• Examples of activities: – coordination of similar existing research– editing of joint technical reports and papers – organization of workshops – encouraging mobility actions– coordination of teaching activities – coordination of proposals for new projects
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e-Photon/ONe+ Virtual Departments and Chairs
Core Networks: Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols
Optical Switching Systems
Home Networks and Other Short-Reach Networks
Access Networks: Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols
Metro Networks: Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols
VD-C (UniBO)
VD-M(Telenor)
VD-A(Tu/e - UPC)
VD-H(UDE - PoliTO)
VD-S(DTU - CTI)
Transmission Techniques for Broadband Networks
VD-T(PoliTO)
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Joint Projects
• Five joint research projects (JPs) have been defined. JPs are specific, short-term research activities, that may involve people from a single or multiple departments, just like the many research projects in which university staff people are often involved.
• Research activities in each JP are decided by e-Photon/ONe+ government bodies, and coordinated by the WP leader.
JPs are serving as an important step toward integration inside the NoE, providing to a large number of partnersan opportunity for interaction and accomplishment of common goals.
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Current Joint Projects and JP leaders• JP-G (IBBT - UEssex): “Optical networking for grids and e-science” is
focused on how optical architectures can be adapted and extended to enable the efficient support of various grid services.
• JP-B (UAM): “Optical burst switching” pursues various OBS research issues, from physical layer to service aspects.
• JP-T (IT): “Dynamic and distributed optical monitoring and equalization” studies techniques suited to increase the reliability and performance of dynamic optical networks with respect to propagation impairments.
• JP-E (AIT): “Mitigation of optical transmission impairments by electronic means” studies how solutions utilizing electronic processing circuits implemented either at the transmitter or the receiver can efficiently mitigate linear and non-linear optical transmission impairments.
• JP-S (UoPelop): “Electro/optic switching architectures” aims at identifying blends of optical and electronic functions allowing an overall cost-effective switching architecture.
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15 WorkPackages
• WP-O (Coordination and Management): L. Fulci (PoliTO)
• WP-VD-C (VD on Core Networks): F. Callegati (DEIS-UniBo)
• WP-VD-M (VD on Metro Networks): E. Zouganeli (Telenor)
• WP-VD-A (VD on Access Networks): T. Koonen (Tu/e) & J. Prat (UPC)
• WP-VD-H (VD on Home Networks and Other Short-Reach Networks): D. Jaeger (UDE) & M. Gaudino (PoliTO)
• WP-VD-S (VD on Optical Switching Systems): L. Dittmann (DTU) & K. Vlachos (CTI)
• WP-VD-T (VD on Transmission): P. Poggiolini (PoliTO)
• WP-JP-G (JP on Optical networking for grids): M. Pickavet (IBBT) & D. Simenidou (UEssex)
• WP-JP-B (JP on Optical burst switching): J. Aracil (UAM)
• WP-JP-T (JP on dynamic optical networks ): A. Teixeira (IT)
• WP-JP-E (JP on optical transmission impairments by electronic means): I. Tomkos (AIT)
• WP-JP-S (JP on Electro/optic switching): A. Stavdas (UoPelop)
• WP-T (Teaching Activities): B. Mikac (TELFER)
• WP-L (Joint and Virtual Laboratories): A. Seeds (UCL)
• WP-D (Dissemination): M. O’Mahony (UEssex) & T. Politi (UoPelop)
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Internal e-Photon/ONe+ organization• Coordinator: Fabio Neri• Project Office: EU Affairs Office, PoliTO• General Assembly, composed by all NoE partners• JPA Committee, the main decisional governing body,
comprising the following boards: – Integrating Activities Board– Joint Research Projects Board– Exchange and Mobility Board– Dissemination and Training Board
and panels:– Gender Issue Panel– Innovation and IPR Panel
• Quality Assurance Committee (composed by external members)
• Local Administrators and JPA representatives for each partner
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Management structure
PROJECT OFFICE(PO)
JPA COMMITTEE
Integrating Activities
Board
Joint Research Project Board
Dissemination &
TrainingBoard
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Local Administrators
Local JPA representatives
PROJECT COORDINATOR
Gender issue panel
Innovation & IPR panel
QualityAssurance Committee
NETWORK PARTNERS
Exchange & Mobility Board
VD-x VD-y
Joint Project a
Joint Project bJoint projects
Virtual Departments
HEAD OF PO
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WP-O: Coordination and Management
Project Office
Coordination and Management
Leader: Laura Fulci, EU Affairs Office, Politecnico di Torino
Contact: [email protected]
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WP-O: Project Office Coordination and managementStructure: Project Office + WP leaders + Local Administrator
Activities: • WP-O-C (Coordination):
– Intermediary between contractors and CE – Coordination meetings organization– Reporting on mobility actions– Dissemination activities monitoring– Interactions with Collaborating Institutions– Teleconference tools and website supervision
• WP-O-M (Management): – Operational NoE management– Financial monitoring and reporting
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WP-VD-C WP-VD-C Optical Optical Core NetworksCore Networks
Franco Callegati
D.E.I.S. University of Bologna
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WP-VD-C: Optical Core Networks• Integrate and promote the research activity in the broad
area of core network design and analysis• Leader and Advisory Board
– Franco Callegati – [email protected]– Javier Aracil (JP-B) – [email protected]– Josep Solè Pareta – [email protected]– Dimitra Simeonidou (JP-G) – [email protected]– Luca Valcarenghi – [email protected]– Lena Wosinska – [email protected]
• Partners involved• 114 members on Directory Server from 40 partners• 20 partners + 4 collaborating instit. contributing to joint activities
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WP-VD-C focus• Core Networks = big traffic flows
– Reliability and network survivability
– Traffic engineering and congestion resolution
– Control plane for fast resource allocation according to the user needs
• Part of these topics fall into • JP-B the internal project on Optical Burst Switching
• JP-G the internal project on Grids and service aware opitcal networks
• As a consequence VD-C mainly collects research in• OPS
• OTN (ASON, GMPLS, …)
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What are we doing
• Educational– Support material on topics related to Optical Core
Networks for the joint teaching activities
• Joint project proposals– Promote national and multi-national joint project
proposals
• Joint research– Coordinate research among partners
• Deliverables and key issues identification
– Pursue joint research tasks• Students and staff mobility
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Educational Activities• Support to collecting material for the common curriculum
– Optical Core Networks• 1st coordinator: Piero Castoldi• 2nd coordinator: Josep Solé Pareta
– Photonics in Switching• 1st coordinator: Lena Wosinska• 2nd coordinator: Carla Raffaelli
• OBS book– First draft with summary of content in 5 chapters collecting contributions
from 16 partners• Available on the e1+ web site under VD-C Working Area
– Proposal submitted to Cambridge University Press and currently under review
• Dr Philip Meyler: Publishing Director, Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences
– Allocated a specific budget to support the editing effort
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Joint Project Proposals• Contribution to the new paradigms and network technologies for communications of
tomorrow (CON-PARTE). – Plan Nacional I+D+I (2004-2007). Programa Nacional de Tecnologia Electrica y
Comunicaciones”
– Partners: UPCT, UVI, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
• Reconfigurable AppliCaTion-aware IP over Optical Network infrastructure (REACTION)
– UE FP7 1st call, STREP
– Partners: UAM, UoEssex, UoPeloponese, RACTI-Patras, IBM, Huawei, Cisco, TID, SSSUP, NextWorks
• Integrated Management and Control System for Next Generation Optical Networks– Swedish Research Council:
– Partners: The Royal Institute of Technology KTH, ACREO AB, The Lund Technical University LTH
• Physical Layer Impairment Aware Routing in Multi-Domain Multi-Granularity Optical Networks
– UE FP7 1st call, STREP
– Partners: Create-net (coordinator), KTH (Sweden), ACREO AB (Sweden), AIT (Greece), CTTC (Spain), Telefonica (Spain), Ericsson (UK)
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Joint research ActivitiesActivity Title Partners
OBS Book
DEIS-UNIBO FUB PoliMI SSSUP TID UAM UC3M UPC UEssex KTH TELENOR TUB UST-IKR AGH AIT CTI
Congestion Resolution in Optical Burst/Packet Switching with Limited Wavelength Conversion
DEIS-UNIBO Optinova
Comparison of end-to-end packet ordering issues in synchronous and asynchronous Optical Packet Switching networks
UPC Ucartagena
Optimal wavelength selection in connection oriented OPS networks DEIS-UNIBO UPC Advanced connectivity service provisioning in GMPLS networks FUB SSSUP KTH Dynamic optical circuit-switched transport networks: study of the efficiency in IP transport and technical implementation of network solution
UPC FT AGH PUT
Multi-Layer MultiCast (MLMC) UC3M BME A Comparative Study of Single-layer and Multi-layer Traffic Engineering with Dynamic Logical Topology Construction
IBBT BME BILKENT
Prediction based routing for Multilayer Traffic engineering UPC IBBT Implementation and experimental verification of a multi-layer integrated routing scheme for traffic engineering
UPC UST-IKR
Impairment-Aware GMPLS Control Plane in Wavelength-Routed Networks SSSUP UPC FT KTH CTTC Survivability in all-optical wavelength switching networks PoliMI CTTC Multi-Domain p-Cycle and the Control Plane UC3M BME Multi-domain resilience issue UC3M IBBT
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Role of the JAs• Use acquired expertise to support new activities:
– One partner state the problem, another support the solution
• Compare different approaches– Provide insight into problems by comparing already existing
approaches
• Integrate expertise in different technical areas– Create a team of experts in different topics and tackle a problem
that none of them would be able to address alone
• Effects:– Start with a number of bi-lateral collaborations– Enlarge the bi-lateral collaborations into clusters of collaborating
partners– Create fully integrated multi-institution and distributed research
teams
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Activity 1 - The OBS Book• Motivation
– A large amount of work exists on congestion resolution in OPS
– Very little “engineering” suggestions
• Goal– Look at congestion resolution in OPS under a new perspective
• Results– Congestion resolution in the wavelength or time domain alone is always
worst than a combined approach
– Just one delay provides a great performance improvement• Define a formal term of “fair” comparison between alternative approaches
– Trivial: performance get worse as soon as the conversion capability is reduced
– Interesting result: with smart wavelength conversion techniques (VB), limited range conversion may perform better than full conversion
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Activity 2• Motivation
– Maintain packet order in OPS networks with a fixed packet size
• Goal– Evaluate the performance benefits vs. cost of using synchronization
stages to align packets at the switch inputs
• Background– Ordering when synch stages are used studied at UPCT– OPS switching systems studied at UPC
• Joint activity:– Propose a round-robin criteria for ordering in asynchronous networks– Propose a scheduler for output buffered architectures (like KEOPS) with
no synch stages that preserves packet sequence following the new criteria
– Compare the performance of synch /asynch approaches, and try to answer the question: when and how the synch stages pay?
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Activity 4• Motivation
– Qualified applications may benefit from the QoS-enabled services provided by GMPLS-based transport networks
– The GMPLS/OIF User to Network Interface (UNI) is not conceived for being directly invoked by applications
• Goals– Service Platform (SPF) to provision on-demand GMPLS services (e.g.,
LSP-MPLS, VPN L2, VPN L3 ) to applications
– Service Abstraction and Resource Virtualization
• Results– The support of the BGP/MPLS VPN provisioning to application by the
SPF prototype experimentally demonstrated
– Multi-Vendor routers interoperability tests for the provisioning of BGP/MPLS VPN services executed
– Deploying the SPF prototype within the ACREO testbed
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Activity 5• Motivation
– Shared Path Protection (SPP) promises more efficient use of the network resources and lower recovery time
• Background– CTTC is implementing SPP over the ADRENALINE all-optical network
testbed
– POLIMI has gained a wide experience on simulative comparison of different SPP approaches
• Aim: – investigate effects of outdated control information on SPP
– investigate requirements and algorithms to apply SPP without wavelength conversion
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Blocking Probability Pb
0,001
0,01
0,1
1
10
100
10--5
0,0001 0,001 0 01 0,1 1 10 100
Ar100Ar1 0Ar180
PBlock%
ritardo(s)
3 phases: 1°: outdated information does not influence performance (negligible delay)
2°: logaritmic increase of Pb for increasing delay
3°: Pb reaches a saturation value and is no more influenced by the delay
delay
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Activity 6• Motivation
– Inter-domain connections are are high-value and should be as reliable as possible
• Goals– Propose a p-cycle-based solution to protect inter-domain connections
• Background– Match UC3M expertise in multi-domain networking with BME experience
in p-cycle application to routing problems
• Summary of results– new inter-domain cycle planning method and intra-domain cycle-
resolution are proposed to achieve further reliability
– simulations prove the provided higher reliability and estimate the resource consumption on different topologies
– protocol issues of inter-domain protection are discussed and a PCE-based solution is proposed, in accordance with IETF recommendations
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Activity 7• Motivation
– MLMC investigates optimal multicast delivery over a two-layer optical network featuring traffic grooming
• Summary of results
• An analysis and modeling of the target network scenario has been carried out by BME
• BME has studied the problem of regular reconfiguration to deal with the degradation of the optical tree due to the dynamic nature of membership/demands.
• UC3M is addressing the control plane issues to enable seamless reconstruction and fitting the model to a real-world setting (IP multicast and L2VPN broadcast trees).
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Activity 8
UGent’s Multi-Layer TE Strategy: Lightpath Topology and IP/MPLS routes are calculated according to traffic expectation and updated periodically.
Bilkent’s Single-Layer TE Strategy: Static lightpath topology designed making use of traffic expectation. Dynamic IP/MPLS routes, LSPs are rerouted.
Blocking Ratios vs Traffic Unpredictibality
Number of lightpath changes vs. Hours in MTE strategy for a 10 node network
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4
6
8
10
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Hours
Ligh
tpat
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A case study is constructed and two strategies are compared on a common platform
• + MTE has significantly better bandwidth blocking performance
• - Significant number of lightpath changes, i.e. set up and tear down (7.9 lightpaths per hour on a 10 node network)
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Activity 10• Goals:
– study the possible approaches to encompass physical impairment parameters within GMPLS
– Physical impairment modeling
– Impairment-aware RWA algorithms
• Background– Integrate FT physical-layer modeling into SSSUP signaling-
based approach for impairment-aware RWA
– Use of FT physical layer modeling to enhance CTTC's single link parameter modeling for impairment-aware RWA
– Compare the SSSUP signaling-based and CTTC routing-based approaches taking into account the same impairment information
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Preliminary results FT modeling applied to SSSUP’s signaling-based approach
• Considered physical impairments (so far): PMD, CD, Noise, Non-linear Phase Shifting
• OSNR threshold to evaluate the quality of the signal
• Signaling-based approach: impairment-unaware routing computation and dynamic evaluation of the Signal Quality during the signaling. Successive set up attempt may be required.
• Preliminary results in realistic scenario show the significant blocking probability reduction already at the second set up attempt
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Durable Integration• VDs are paving the road towards durable integration by
– Promoting joint research activities (JAs)– Identify new key research topics– Create common expertise and methodology
• Joint Research Activities (JAs) are key to “integration”– Quality and quantity of research improved
• Qualified outputs: joint papers and research tools• Several outputs would not be achievable without collaboration
• Common expertise and methodologies are a first step of integration– Strengthened mutual knowledge
• Favour mobility
– Learn to delegate problems to others• Share tools and instruments
• Re-focusing of research is a longer term effect of integration– See further together than the isolated groups can see isolated
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Joint Papers (03/2006 - 02/2007)• G. Sousa Pavani (UniCamp), H. Waldman (UniCamp), F. Callegati (DEIS-UNIBO), A. Campi (DEIS-UNIBO), W.
Cerroni (DEIS-UNIBO), Adaptive Routing in Optical Packet Switching Networks using Ant Colony Optimization, Proc. of ICT 2006, Funchal, Madeira island, Portugal, May 2006.
• F. Callegati (DEIS-UNIBO), J. Aracil (UaM), L. Wosinska (KTH), N. Andriolli (SSSUP), D. Careglio (UPC), A. Giorgetti (SSSUP), J. Fdez-Palacios (TID), C. Gauger (UST-IKR), M. Klinkowski (UPC), O. Gonzales de Dios (TID), G. Hu (UST-IKR), E. Karasan (BILKENT), F. Matera (FUB) H. Overby (TELENOR), C. Raffaelli (DEIS-UNIBO), L. Rea (FUB), N. Sengezer (BILKENT), M. Tornatore (POLIMI), K. Vlachos (CTI), Research on Optical Core Networks in the e-Photon/ONe Network of Excellence, IEEE Infocom 2006, Barcelona, Spain, April 2006.
• E. Bonada (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), F. Callegati (DEIS-UNIBO), D. Careglio (UPC), W. Cerroni (DEIS-UNIBO), M. Klinkowski (UPC), G. Muretto (DEIS-UNIBO), C. Raffaelli (DEIS-UNIBO), J. Solé-Pareta (UPC), SCWS technique for QoS support in connection-oriented optical packet switching network, ICTON 2006, Nottingham, UK, June 2006.
• T. Cinkler (BME), J. Szigeti (BME), D. Larrabeiti (UC3M), Towards Optimal Routing in Heterogeneous Optical Networks, ICTON 2006, Nottingham, UK, June 2006.
• J. Aracil (UAM), J. Alberto Hernandez (UAM), K. Vlachos (CTI), E. Varvarigos (CTI), Jitter-based analysis and discussion of burst assembly algorithms, Workshop on Optical Burst Switching, San Jose, CA, October 2006.
• F. Callegati (DEIS-UNIBO), W. Cerroni (DEIS-UNIBO), L. H. Bonani (UniCamp), F. R. Barbosa (UniCamp), E. Moschim (UniCamp), G. Pavani (UniCamp), Congestion Resolution in Optical Burst/Packet Switching with Limited Wavelength Conversion, Proc. of IEEE Globecom 2006, San Francisco, CA, USA, November 2006.
• S. Gunreben (UST-IKR), S. Spadaro (UPC), S. P. Josep (UPC), A Unified Model for Bandwidth Adaptation in Next Generation Transport Networks, Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Workshop on Bandwidth on Demand, San Francisco, CA, November 2006.
• R. Martínez (CTTC), C. Pinart (CTTC), N. Andriolli (SSSUP), L. Valcarenghi (SSSUP), P. Castoldi (SSSUP), L. Wosinska (KTH), J. Comellas (UPC), G. Junyent (UPC), Challenges and Requirements for Introducing Impairment-Awareness into the Management and Control Planes of ASON/GMPLS WDM Networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 44, No. 12, pp. 76 - 85, December 2006.
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Virtual Department M (VD-M)
Metro Networks
-
Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Leader: Evi Zouganeli, Telenor R&IContact: [email protected]
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VD-M: Metro Networks Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Trends with significant influence on metro• introduction of VDSL ADSL2+ and FTTH
• Fixed Mobile Convergence
• packet based technologies dominating transport
• requirement for seamless access across last mile technologies irrespective of location and terminal (anywhere any time)
Metro characteristics• end-client proximity highly dynamic traffic patterns
relatively low degree of aggregation
• a number of services and interfaces, new broadband services• requirements for large bandwidth and for large flexibility• availability of fibre and of several diverse players in the metro market• public, business and private segment
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VD-M: Metro Networks Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Key Technical Issues defined by VD-M:
• Architectures, topologies and components for advanced metro
• Traffic engineering issues and approaches towards an efficient bandwidth allocation and provision of guaranteed services
• Optical packet switched network solutions for metro
• Metro-access interface – technologies and protocols enabling transparency
• Management, control and interoperability of advanced metro nets
• Cost efficient solutions, components and technologies
• Strategies towards optical metro
• Metro network evolution, migration studies and techno-economics
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• Traffic engineering and topology design in metro networks (leader: Filippo Cugini)
• Optical Metro Ethernet (leader: András Kern)
• A Comparative Study of Single-layer and Multi-layer Traffic Engineering with Dynamic Logical Topology Construction(leader: Namik Sengezer)
• Optical Packet Switched MANs (leader:Jorge Finochietto)
• Multicast VPN service in next-generation metro networks (leader: David Larrabeiti)
• All Optical Technologies for Signal Regeneration, frequency conversion and multicasting.( leader: Giorgio Maria Tosi Beleffi)
VD-M: Metro Networks Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Running Joint Activities in VD-M:
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Virtual Department A (VD-A)
Access Networks
-
Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Leaders: Ton Koonen, Eindhoven University of Technology
Josep Prat, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
Contact: [email protected]
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VD-A: Access Networks Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
The big questions:
• Low-cost optical multiplexing techniques, for converged integrated access
• Dynamic allocation of capacity
• Handling of IP-based traffic, QoS differentiated
• Low-cost optical network termination modules
• Low-cost network infrastructure techniques
• Network protection strategies
• Fibre-wireless techniques
• Remote powering techniques (for ONTs)
• Medium access control protocols
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VD-A: Access Networks Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Research Task Areas
T1 Access Network Architectures- Network protection strategies- Network migration- Dynamic network reconfiguration- Hybrid access (fibre-DSL, fibre-coax, fibre-wireless, …)- Interfacing with Metro and Home networks- Techno-economic analysis
T2 Access Network System Techniques- Colourless ONU- Modulation formats- Radio over fibre- Wavelength routing- Reach extension and higher split
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VD-A: Access Networks Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Research Task Areas (cont.)
T3 Access Network Protocols- MAC- protection- Traffic analysis
T4 Access Network Lab trials and Field Tests- Integration of modules and control systems- Multi-service multi-access test bed
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VD-A: Access Networks Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Working methods:- Joint research on topics of common interest- Mobility of researchers (exchange programmes)- Joint publications (a.o.)- Joint project proposals, e.g. for FP7- Workshops (e.g. at ECOC)- Interaction with other e1+ VD-s,
a.o. VD-Home Networks, VD-Metro
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VD-A: Access Networks Technologies, Architectures and Protocols
Results up to now:- >5 researcher exchange programmes- >26 joint papers- joint book on Next Generation PON- 2 public deliverables- >4 joint project proposals in FP7 Call 1- 1 shared infrastructure- 5 workshops
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WP-VD-HWP-VD-H ”Home Networks and Other
Short-Reach Networks”
Dieter Jäger - UDE
Roberto Gaudino – PoliTo
contact: [email protected]
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VD-H: Objectives
• Creation of a Virtual Department that will integrate and promote the research activity in the broad area of design and analysis of home and short-reach networks. Partners with a history of excellence in the field of technologies, architectures and protocols for home and short-reach networks based on optical technologies will participate in VD-H.
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VD-H: Technical Approach
Low-Cost Home Network
FTTX Optical Network Unit:
• CATV• Ethernet• VoIP
(Source: BKtel Communications GmbH) (Picture: Sony Corp.)
POF
RoF
UWB
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VD-H: Key Technical Issues
Transporting broadband signals through multimode fibres
Extending the capacity of optical fibre in-house networks
Devising fibre-wireless techniques
Interfacing the in-house network
Monitoring applications
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VD-H: Tasks 1+2Task 1• Objectives: Transport of BB signals using MMF – GOF
and (large core) POF• Description of work: Research on potential of MMF; 10
GE on GOF; compare optical with wireless solutions; availability of techniques from the automotive sector; MUX and MOD techniques; electronic compensation of dispersion
Task 2• Objectives: Radio-over-fibre systems (RoF)• Description of work: RoF over MMF/POF; QoS of WiFi
access; fibre to WiFi picocell; WDM RoF for access; microwace signal processing
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VD-H: Tasks 3+4
Task 3• Objectives: Interfacing the in-house network
• Description of work: Wireless vs. optical; POF access; access for digital terrestrical TV; RoF for access; interfacing HAN and PON; FTTH and HAN
Task 4• Objectives: Monitoring applications
• Description of work: Market and trend anaysis
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VD-H: Ongoing Projects in 2007
Description Partners involved
Full development of an analytic model for the evaluation of the linear frequency response of a multimode fiber link
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M)Universitat Politécnica de Valencia (UPVLC)Technical University of Eindhoven (TUE)University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE)University of Athens (UoA)
Ultra-fast Photodiode Evaluation University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE) Univeristy College of London (UCL)
Design of a MUX and VOA to be used in GI-POF CWDM networks in different transmission applications
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UPVLC) GET-ENST
Analysing in-home sensing applications which will be benefited by using POF
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UPVLC) Universitaet Duisburg-Essen
"Brainstorming" on future architectures for in-house networksPolitecnico di Torino (POLITO)France Telecom (FT)
Research on electronic dispersion compensation for multimode and plastic optical fibers, experimental demonstration on FPGA
Politecnico di Torino (POLITO) University of Atherns (UoA)
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VD-H: Systems for Local Networks
Source: E-Photon/One+ D.VD-H.2, March 2007
Transmission System
Bluetooth WLAN WLAN/UWB Powerline i.Link, (IEEE 1394a)
LAN (Ethernet Coaxial cable)
GOF (glass optical fiber)
PMMA-POF (plastic optical fiber
PF-POF (perfluor-inated POF)
Gross Datarate currently up to 3 Mbit/s
currently up to 54 Mbit/s
currently up to 1 GBit/s
200 MBit/s up to 400 Mbit/s (flaring considered)
1 Gbit/s > 10 Gbit/s
100 Mbit/s
10 Gbit/s
Reach 10m-100m
ca. 40m ca. 10m ca. 30m ca. 4,5m (“Daisy Chains” up to 72m)
ca. 100m >10km ca. 100m ca. 100m
Mobility medium up to high
high - -- -- (cable bounded)
-- (cable bounded)
-- (cable bounded)
-- (cable bounded)
-- (cable bounded)
Reliability poor poor (gradable by multiple antenna systems (MIMO))
medium (because of frequency diversity)
poor (because of time-dependent network topology)
very high very high very high very high very high
Installation Effort/Complexity
low low low low low high very high medium high
Security of Wiretapping
low low low low very high high very high very high very high
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VD-H: Bandwidth Requirements
bandwidth requirement (Downlink) per household enabled with different access technology
0
5
10
15
20
25
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
year
band
wid
th in
Mbi
t/s
ISD
N /
M
odem
AD
SL
/ D
OC
SIS
2.0
AD
SL
2*
/VD
SL
/ D
OC
SIS
3.0
FT
TH
Source: Fraunhofer Institut Nachrichtentechnik HHI
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Virtual Department S (VD-S)
Optical Switching Systems
Leaders: Lars Dittmann COM-DTU
Kyriakos Vlachos, RACTI/UPATRAS
Contact: [email protected], [email protected]
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Project Steps - Action Tasks
VD-S: Optical Switching
List of VD-S key issues and planned activities PARTNERS
Joint Activity Proposals
Yearly VD-S technical report
PARTNERS
European Commission
16 partners involved
DTU NTUA UEssex SSSUP UPCT PoliTo AIT UPATRAS
UNIBO TUW IBBT KTH PoliMi GET ORC UPV
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• Task 2– Optical Multicast
Architecture– Optical Packet
Compression– OCDM encoders/decoders– 2R Regeneration– Optical flip-flops– Optical packet switching
VD-S: Optical Switching - Research Topics
• Task 3– Hybrid Switch Architectures – GMPLS optical switch nodes– Contention Resolution Schemes– Optical Buffering– OTDM time-slot switching– Multi-wavelength regeneration
• Task 1– Wavelength Conversion– Recovery Switching– Quality of Service in switches– Optical Signal Monitoring– Physical Impairment Based
Switching– Optical Clock Recovery– Wavelength Conversion by
nonlinear effects
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Joint Activities between partners
Optical Switching Architectures
Study of Hybrid Optical Switch Architectures
Switch and Buffer Architecture using Quantum Dot (QD) SOAs
Tutorial on Optical Switching Technologies and Architectures
Demonstration and evaluation of a novel all-optical packet envelope detection circuit
Experimental demonstration of a simple all-optical clock recovery scheme
Mask design for an integrated optic chip dedicated to a header recognition scheme
Optoelectronic clock recovery
QoS in all-optical networks
Design and modelling of new all-optical architectures for contention resolution in AOLS nodes
Multi-domain Quality-of-Service in Optical Networks
PARTNERS:AIT (3)RACTI (4)Unibo (2)Polimi (1)Polito (1)IBBT (3)COM (3)NTUA (3) GET (3)TuE (1)SSSUP (1)UPVLC (1)
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Research Example:JA2- Hybrid Optical Burst Switching - HOBS- Architecture
• Pure Packet Switching– big IP routers– processing overhead– max transmission resource sharing– poor scalability, good flexibility
• Wavelength Switching (ASON)– reduced packet handling– low transmission resource efficiency– good scalability, mediocre flexibility
• Hybrid Switching – combines wavelength and packet
switching– is based on ASON managed
interconnections– ASON reacts to long term traffic pattern
variations by reconfiguring the wavelength paths
– enables full sharing of all wavelengths on a link
P2P WDM P2P WDM
P2P WDM
AB
C
D
P2POpaque
OXC OXC
OXC
AB
C
D
Transparent
Hybrid Optical Switch Hybrid
Optical Switch
Hybrid Optical Switch
AB
C
D
On Demand P2P
OXC
IP router
ORIONRx, Tx
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HOBS Concept
• Node s0 sends a SETUP message to sh, to reserve resources• After a small time-offset s0 transmits a burst of BE data to sh
• If reservation succeeds Circuit Switched (CS) data arrive at least a round trip time later. This applies to all nodes.
• When node si receives the SETUP message, it reserves an outgoing wavelength, it forwards the SETUP packet and the following bursts and (possibly) adds is own burst (s)
Research Example:JA2- Hybrid Optical Burst Switching - HOBS- Architecture
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SETUP Message Format
• The SETUP message, apart from establishing the optical circuit, carries information regarding bursts that follow
• Information is organized in triplets {B, T0, D} one per data burst, for encoding each burst’s size, time-offset from the setup message, and destination
Research Example:JA2- Hybrid Optical Burst Switching - HOBS- Architecture
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HOBS Switch Architecture
Hardware Additions:• 1 set of 1x2 and 2x1
switches per fiber for inserting / extracting bursts
• 1 set of receivers and transmitters (tunable)
HOBS Agent:• It calculates the idle
time for best-effort data transmissions
• It contains a Buffer for storing BE data and a Traffic Scheduler that controls the switches
Research Example:JA2- Hybrid Optical Burst Switching - HOBS- Architecture
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(a) Burst loss ratio and (b) average packet delay versus burst arrival rate for the three different policies defined.
Burst Loss Ratio, λOCS=16, WL=8
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0 200 400 600 800Burst Arrival Rate, λOBS
policy1
policy2
policy3
Packet Delay (sec), λOCS, WL=8
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0 200 400 600 800
Burst Arrival Rate, λOBS
policy1
policy2
policy3
(a)
(b)
Bit-Rate (Mbps), λOCS=16, WL=8
020406080
100120140160180200
0 200 400 600 800
Burst Arrival Rate, λOBS
policy1
policy2
policy3
Burst Sending Rate (burst/sec), λOCS=16, WL=8
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 200 400 600 800
Burst Arrival Rate, λOBS
policy1
policy2
policy3
(a)
(b)
(a) Efficient bit-rate over a specific source-destination pair and (b) Burst sending rate from a single source to all destinations for the three different policies defined
Research Example:JA2- Hybrid Optical Burst Switching - HOBS- Architecture
Results
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Tx80/160Gb/s
EYE(EO, Q)
3 dB
DeMUX(10 Gb/s)
λ = 1557 nm
λ = 1542, 1547, 1550 nm10, 14, 18 dBm
detuned filters
Research Example:All-optical high speed converter based on XPM in HNLF
Objective:Characterisation and performance evaluation of the wavelength converter using XPM in a HNLF and detuned filters.
Principle of operation:Data pulses induce by XPM an instantaneous frequency shift* over the CW-signal.With filters detuned from the CW-wavelength, those frequency shifts are filtered, where the pattern coincides with the original data pattern (wavelength conversion)
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• Performance degradation effects:
• cross-talk by the CW “carrier” CW should be suppressed as much as possible with detuning the filters
• for high detuning cross-talk either with the original data signal or with the FWM-product may affect.
• low power for high detuning values (decreased efficiency)
• walk-off for large separations between data- and CW-wavelength
• for high data powers spectral broadening due to SPM.
• Parameters under research:
• Data-signal power
• Filter-detuning
• CW-power
• CW-wavelength
Research Example: All-optical high speed converter based on XPM in HNLF
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Results for different filters and their detunings varying data power
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
Detuning: 1 nm DiCon-filters (CW: 1547 nm, 14 dBm)
Q (
dB
)
- 0,8 nm - 1.0 nm - 1.5 nm - 2.0 nm - 2.5 nm - 3.0 nm - 3.5 nm - 4.0 nm
2 4 6 8 10 12 143,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
9,5
10,0
Detuning: 2 nm Tecos filters (CW: 1547 nm, 14 dBm)
Q (
dB
)
- 1.0 nm - 1.5 nm - 2.0 nm - 2.5 nm - 3.0 nm - 3.5 nm - 4.0 nm
Q (
dB
)
4 6 8 10 12 14
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
Detuning: 3 nm Santec filters (CW: 1547 nm, 14 dBm)
Data power (dBm)
- 1.0 nm - 1.5 nm - 2.0 nm - 2.5 nm - 3.0 nm - 3.5 nm - 4.0 nm
2 4 6 8 10 12 143,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
Detuning: 5 nm Tecos filters (CW: 1547 nm, 14 dBm)
Q (
dB
)
Data power (dBm)
- 1.5 nm - 2.0 nm - 2.5 nm - 3.0 nm - 3.5 nm - 4.0 nm - 4.5 nm - 5.0 nm
Research Example: All-optical high speed converter based on XPM in HNLF
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14 15 16 17 18 19 20-20
-15-10-50
510
Bac
k-re
fl.(d
Bm
)
CW-power (dBm)
Brillouin Scattering
4 6 8 10 12 14
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
9,5
Detuning: - 2.0 nm (2 nm Tecos filters) for different CW-power/-WLs
Q (
dB
)
Data power (dBm)
14 dBm, 1542 nm 14 dBm, 1547 nm 14 dBm, 1550 nm 10 dBm, 1547 nm 18 dBm, 1547 nm
Influence of CW-power and –wavelength, spectral broadening and cross-talk
Conclusions:- Limited pulse width for narrow filters (1 and 2 nm)- Limitation for very high CW-powers (Brillouin scattering, although CW has been dithered with a low frequency)- Eye and Q-factor measurements suggest stable error-free operation at 80 and 160 Gb/s
1530 1540 1550 1560
-50
0
Spectral broadening and FWM for high data input powers
Am
plitu
de (
dBm
)
Wavelength (nm)
8 dBm 13 dBm
Research Example:All-optical high speed converter based on XPM in HNLF
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Research Example: Packet Envelope Detection in an AOLS node
Exploit Fabry-Pérot filter memory effect SOA-MZI gate equalizer
Experimental Setup
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The activity was completed in two phases
Phase 1: physical layer simulation using developed model for commercially available SOA-Mach-Zehnder interferometric gates in order to determine optimum points of operation for various operating conditions
Phase 2: A joint experiment was carried at NTUA premises to verify simulation results.
Research Example: Packet Envelope Detection in an AOLS node
Simulation ProcessSimulation Process
The all-optical PED subsystem was simulated using the commercially-available simulation tool VPI.
The simulations were based on NTUA’s model of CIP’s commercially available SOA-MZI gate.
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•SOA gain response when operated at (a) 200 mA and (b) 300 mA. Recovery time measurements (c) provided by supplier and (d) using the simulation model.
Research Example: Packet Envelope Detection in an AOLS node
Sim
ula
tio
n M
od
el
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ExperimentExperiment The experimental validation of the simulation analysis took place at NTUA
premises. The circuit was tested with variable length data packets both at 10 and 40 Gb/s
(NRZ and RZ respectively).
Research Example: Packet Envelope Detection in an AOLS node
Incoming Packets Packet Envelope
@10 Gb/sNRZ
@40 Gb/sRZ
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VD-S: Optical Switching - Partners
RACTI/UPATRAS
Universidad Politécnica
de Valencia (UPVLC)
ICCS/NTUA
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WP-VD-T WP-VD-T Transmission Techniques Transmission Techniques
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Objectives
• VD-T primarily aimed at:
– stimulating– fostering– coordinating – integrating
the research activity and“consensus” initiatives
of those NoE researchers whose primary field of expertise isoptical transmission for broadband networks
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Partners involved1. Politecnico di Torino2. Vienna University of Technology 3. National Technical University of
Athens4. Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya5. University College London6. University of Athens7. Instituto de Telecomunicações 8. Budapest University of Technology
and Economics 9. Fondazione Ugo Bordoni10. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 11. Groupe des Ecoles de
Telecommunications12. Politecnico di Milano13. Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan 14. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia 15. France Telecom
16. University of Peloponnese
17. Multitel18. AIT19. Faculte Polytechnique de
Mons20. Universidad Carlos III
de Madrid 21. The University of
Southampton 22. Research Academic
Computer Technology Institute
23. Fraunhofer Institute24. University of Essex
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Advisory Board
WP Leader: Pierluigi Poggiolini (POLITO) - [email protected]
Antonio Teixeira (IT) - [email protected]
Robert Killey (UCL) - [email protected]
Josep Prat (UPC) - [email protected]
Periklis Petropoulos (ORC-CC2) - [email protected]
Erwan Pincemin (FT) - [email protected]
Ioannis Tomkos (AIT) - [email protected]
Michel Morvan (ENST) - [email protected]
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Technical Scope
• VD-T is concerned with transmission techniques in most segments of communications networks, including:
– access– metro– backbone
• Among the many topics of interest:– 40 and 100 Gbit/s transmission (and beyond)– new formats, including multilevel and POLMUX– electrical mitigation of impaiments by
pre-compensation (at TX) or post-compensation at (RX)
– optical mitigation/compensation, including regeneration
– monitoring techniques (OSNR, CD, PMD, BER, non-linearity, etc.) and their integration into the network
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Technical Reports• Extensive Technical Reports on the following topics are
available on the website. Group Coordinators are shown:
– (a) coherent systems Josep Prat
– (b) regeneration Periklis Petropoulos
– (c) low cost MAN systems Michel Morvan
– (d) retro-fitting existing 10G systems for increased capacity Pierluigi Poggiolini
– (e) electronic dispersion and PMD compensation/mitigation Dimitrios Klonidis
– (f) OFDM techniques for access/MAN/Long-haul Robert Killey
– (g) comparison between electronic and optical monitoring/compensation techniques Antonio Teixeira
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Accomplished Joint Activities
3 Plenary Meetings
4 Technical workshops
2 Mobility Surveys
10 Mobility Actions
7 Technical Reports
20 Joint Research Papers
3 Joint Proposals for FP7 Projects
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Workshops• Joint VD-T, JP-E and JP-T Technical Workshop on
“Joint Research and Mobility Proposals” – Paris, at project kick-off meeting, May 29th 2006 – 10 delivered talks, all presentations uploaded on the e-Photon/ONe+ website
• Joint VD-T, JP-E and JP-T Technical Workshop on
“Optical signal quality monitoring and impairment mitigation technologies” – Athens (at AIT), September 6th 2006– 7 delivered talks, all presentations uploaded on the e-Photon/ONe+ website
• Joint VD-T, JP-E and JP-T Technical Workshop on
“Promoting Collaboration, Mobility and FP7 Consortia”– Barcelona (at UPC), February 27th 2006, – 8 delivered talks, all presentations uploaded on the e-Photon/ONe+ website
• Joint VD-T, JP-E and JP-T Technical Workshop on
“Advanced Transmission Technologies”– Brest (at ENST), July 16th 2007
• ultra-high speed transmission techniques (40 to 160 Gbit/s, 100 GE)• (ultra)-long-haul no-dispersion-compensation transmission• optical regeneration• advanced monitoring techniques
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Joint project G (JP-G)
Optical networking for gridsand e-science
Leaders: Dimitra Simeonidou, University of Essex & Mario Pickavet, Ghent University – IBBT
Contact: [email protected] [email protected]
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Grid computing
CollaborativeProblem Solving
Networked Infrastructure
Source: Volker Sanders
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Motivation for optical grids
– Data-intensive applications require transfers and/or processing of Terabytes or even Petabytes and soon Exabytes of data
– Applications requiring BW allocation on demand or application driven scheduled reservation
LHC
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Joint activities & involved partners
• QoS-aware burst aggregation algorithms for Grid applications
– UoEssex, UAM, RACTI, AIT
• QoS-aware fault tolerance in optical global grid computing
– SSSUP, AGH
• Grid optical user network interface architecture– UoEssex, AIT, UPC
serv
ices
inte
rfac
e
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Joint activities & involved partners
• Dynamic resource allocation in circuit switched QoS-aware photonic networks for grid services
– AGH, Telfer
• Grid optical burst switched network– UoEssex, BUPT, RACTI, UoPelop, Bilkent
• Hybrid OCS/OBS grid architecture– IBBT, RACTI, UoEssex, SSSUP
• Job anycast routing in photonic grids– IBBT, AIT, RACTI
• Application enabled optical router architectures– UoPelop, DEIS
arch
itec
ture
spec
ific
issu
es
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Example: test-bed control and signalling layer
OBS Routing
Scheduling
SIGNALING
SIGNALING
Resource Management
OBESControl Channel
@ 2.5Gbps
Data Channels
Data Channels
SIGNALING
PARSER
CoS Aggregation
Scheduling
IP-Traffic Generator
SIGNALING
OBS @ 2.5Gbps
Resource Discovery
IP OBS
PARSER
CoS
Scheduling
Resource Discovery
IPOBS
OBS @ 2.5GbpsIP-Traffic Generator
Segregation
Edge Node 1 Core Node Edge Node 2
OBESControl Channel
@ 2.5Gbps
Application-aware Proxy
Middleware
Application-aware Proxy
Middleware
OBS Routing
Scheduling
SIGNALING
SIGNALING
Resource Management
OBESControl Channel
@ 2.5Gbps
Data Channels
Data Channels
SIGNALING
PARSER
CoS Aggregation
Scheduling
IP-Traffic Generator
SIGNALING
OBS @ 2.5Gbps
Resource Discovery
IP OBS
PARSER
CoS
Scheduling
Resource Discovery
IPOBS
OBS @ 2.5GbpsIP-Traffic Generator
Segregation
Edge Node 1 Core Node Edge Node 2
OBESControl Channel
@ 2.5Gbps
Application-aware Proxy
Middleware
Application-aware Proxy
Middleware
• Overlay network architecture utilizing SIP over OBS
• It incorporates two OBS Edge Routers and one Core Router
• Equipped with Grid-aware SIP Proxies on top of the test-bed operates in full-duplex mode.
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Example: test-bed physical layer
OBS Physical Layer Implementation OBS Physical Layer Implementation
IP
TRAFFIC
Edge Router 1 Control Plane
SG-DBR
MZM
PIN
AWG
coupler
Data Plane
JDS
BURST ASSEMBLY
Tx
Rx
CDR
WAU
SIPU
JCS
WAS
MZM
DFB
BCH GENERATION
PINCDR
WAU
Tx
Rx
OPTICAL CROSS-POINT
SWITCH
Core Router Control Plane
MZM
DFB
PINCDR
WAU
HP
HRI
MZM
DFB
PIN
CDR
WAU
HP
HRI
Edge Router 2 Control Plane
HP
CDR
WAU
DFB
MZM
DFB
PIN
CDR
WAU
SIPU
BURST ASSEMBLY
BCH
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
λ2
λ3λ4
λ8
MZMHRI
PIN
2.5 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
λ5
λ2, λ5
λ3, λ8λ4, λ8
λ1, λ5,
λ6, λ7
2.5 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
λ3
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
Port 4
λ4
λ8
λ8
λ5
λ2
IP
TRAFFIC
Edge Router 1 Control Plane
SG-DBR
MZM
PIN
AWG
coupler
Data Plane
JDS
BURST ASSEMBLY
Tx
Rx
CDR
WAU
SIPU
JCS
WAS
MZM
DFB
BCH GENERATION
PINCDR
WAU
Tx
Rx
OPTICAL CROSS-POINT
SWITCH
Core Router Control Plane
MZM
DFB
PINCDR
WAU
HP
HRI
MZM
DFB
PIN
CDR
WAU
HP
HRI
Edge Router 2 Control Plane
HP
CDR
WAU
DFB
MZM
DFB
PIN
CDR
WAU
SIPU
BURST ASSEMBLY
BCH
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
coupler
λ2
λ3λ4
λ8
MZMHRI
PIN
2.5 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
λ5
λ2, λ5
λ3, λ8λ4, λ8
λ1, λ5,
λ6, λ7
2.5 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
λ3
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
Port 4
λ4
λ8
λ8
λ5
λ2
SIP Proxy SIP Proxy
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ECOC workshop
(Berlin, Sept. 16, 2007, 2-6 PM)
Networks for IT: a new opportunity for optical network technologies
organised by:
Dimitra Simeonidou, UoEssex
Mario Pickavet, UGent - IBBT
Anna Tzanakaki, AIT
Ioannis Tomkos, AIT
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Joint Project B (WP-B)
Optical Burst Switching
-Technologies, Architectures and
Protocols
Leader: Javier Aracil, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Contact: [email protected]
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• Control and data information travel separately on different channels• Data coming from legacy networks are aggregated into a burst unit in edge node• The control packet is sent first in order to reserve the resources in intermediate nodes• The burst follows the control packet with some offset time, and it crosses the nodes
remaining in the optical domain
OBS network
WDM linksLegacy networks
Control channels
Data channels
offset
...
OBS node
Burst size: kB ÷ MB
Switching times:
ms ÷ s
Out-of-band signal.
Reserv. manager
Assembly manager
WP-B: Optical Burst Switching
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WP-B: Optical Burst Switching
Research Topics
• Network architectures• Switch designs• Signaling and scheduling• Routing• Burstification algorithms• Performance evaluation• TCP over OBS• Quality of service in OBS• Physical layer issues
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Achievements: summary
Conference papers submitted (accepted)
9 (5)
Journal papers submitted (accepted) 2 (1)
Joint project proposals 1
Presentations and tutorials 2
Journal submissions planned > 2
Conference submissions planned >4
Mobility actions performed 7
Mobility actions planned 2
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OBS simulation activities (JA1)
NS-2 simulator
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Analytical work (JA11)
System Queueing Diagram
State
Transition
Diagram
Analytical and Simulation
Results
00000
01000
02000
10000
11000
12000
20000
21000
22000
00100
01100
02100
10100
11100
12100
20100
21100
22100
00010
01010
02010
10010
11010
12010
20010
21010
22010
00110
01110
02110
10110
11110
12110
20110
21110
22110
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Protocols for multicast OBS (JA9)
BHP [A,B,C,D,E,F]
A
B
C D
E
[A]
[B,C]
[D,E,F]
[B,C,D,E,F]
unsupported
supported
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Testbeds (JA7)
Edge router hardware implementation
• High Speed FPGA that operates up to 3.125Gbps
– 2x1GE Interfaces
• Fast and agile tunable laser able to tune between all 100 GHz ITU-T C-Band wavelengths in less than 100ns
Core router implementation• Optical Crosspoint Switch (OXC) operating in
20ns• Just-In-Time enabled FPGA
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Achievements: Conferences1. TCP traffic analysis for timer-based burstifiers in OBS networks, Kostas
Ramantas, Kyriakos Vlachos, Óscar González de Dios and Carla Raffaelli, submitted to ONDM 2007
2. “Blocking Analysis of Synchronous Buffer-less Optical Burst Switches with Shared Wavelength Converters”Authors: Carla Raffaelli, Michele Savi (DEIS-UNIBO) - Nail Akar, Ezhan Karasan (Bilkent), submitted to HPSR 2007
3. “TCP over OBS performance considering background traffic”. Oscar Gonzalez de Dios, Juan Fdez. Palacios, Victor Lopez, ONDM 2006.
4. Georgios Zervas, Reza Nejabati , Dimitra Simeonidou, Anna Tzanakaki, Siamak Azodolmolky, Ioannis Tomkos, “A Hybrid Optical Burst/Circuit Switched Ingress Edge Router for Grid-enabled Optical Networks”, GridNets2006, Oct 2006, San Jose, California, USA
5. S. Taccheo, G. Della Valle, A. Festa, K. Ennser and J. Aracil, “Amplification of optical bursts in gain-stabilized Erbium-doped optical amplifier”, in Proc. Optical Fiber Commun. Conf. – OFC’07, USA, 2007, paper OMN3.
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Achievements: Conferences1. "A simulation-based study of TCP performance over an Optical Burst
Switched backbone with 802.11 access.“ Isaias Martinez-Yelmo, Ignacio Soto, David Larrabeiti, and Carmen Guerrero, submitted to ONDM 2007.
2. "Models for In-Band and Out-of-Band Signalling Delays in OBS Networks“ Antonio Pantaleo, Massimo Tornatore, Carla Raffaelli, Franco Callegati, and Achille Pattavina, submitted to ONDM 2007
3. Jitter-based analysis and discussion of burst assembly algorithms, Javier Aracil, Jose Alberto Hernández, Kyriakos Vlachos, Emmanouel Varvarigos, WOBS 2006.
4. A resilience-based comparative study between Optical Burst Switching and Optical Circuit Switching technologies, José Alberto Hernández, Javier Aracil, Víctor López, Juan Fernández Palacios, Óscar González de Dios, ICTON 2006
5. JOINT PAPERS ALL OF THEM
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Achievements: Project presentations
• ICTON 2006: The e-Photon/One+ Joint Project on OBS.
• A tutorial delivered at ICC 2006 by Ezhan Karasan and Nail Akar (Bilkent University). Material put together by 14 partners.
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Achievements: Journals
1. J. Finochietto, J. Aracil, A. Ferreiro, J. Fdez-Palacios, O. Gonzalez de Dios, "Migration Strategies towards All Optical Metropolitan Access Rings," submitted to the IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology
2. G. Della Valle, A. Festa, S. Taccheo, K. Ennser and J. Aracil, “Investigation of dynamic induced by optical bursts in gain stabilized Erbium-doped amplifier”, Optic
Letters, 2007, accepted.
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Joint Project T (JP-T)
Transmission-
Dynamic and distributed optical monitoring and equalization
Leader: António Teixeira, Instituto de Telecomunicações
Contact: [email protected]
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JP-T: Dynamic and distributed optical monitoring and equalizationResearch Topics
• Impact evaluation of the main performance impairments in dynamic multi-node meshed networks
• Quantification of the effects of low-range distributed dynamic compensators
• Set of requirements needed for different network scenarios • Group and adaptation of existing/new compensation and
monitoring techniques to fulfil the needed scenario requirements.
• Impact of feeding distributed monitoring information into the control plane management algorithms and receiving back from control plane the requirements in terms of needed performance of certain paths; evaluating the effectiveness on the overall network performance
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Outline & Focus
• Develop and rate existing Monitoring and compensating devices.
• Explore ROADMs technology and possible cascadability.
• Develop and test constrained based routing algorithms.
• Assess the improvement in network performance when there is control on some of the network parameters and information about their values and changes.
JP-T: Dynamic and distributed optical monitoring and equalization
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Activity-Plan
JP-T: Dynamic and distributed optical monitoring and equalization
Collection of existing optical monitors and compensators
M&C Performance rating
Optimization and design of new/existing
compensators/regenerators(PMD, Power, GVD,
X-talk, FWM, 1R, 2R, etc)
Definition of a basic protocol for interactionbetween the M&C and
The NMS
Definition of a trial board to exchange
information M&C-NMS
Collection of existingConstrained based
Routing Algorithms
Redefinition of existing/new
Contrained BasedRouting Algorithms
Implementation and redefinition of the
Algorithms in the boards
Implementation and redefinition of theBoards Hardware
Test bed trial of the concept
Board assembly and test
Implementation of M&C
ROADM Assessment and comparison
Depending on Support action aproval
Within E1+ program
M&C- Monitoring and ControlNMS- Network Management System
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Results• Progress results
– Joint Publications: more than 15 papers in conf. and 2 in journals
– Workshops: 4
– Mobility actions: 7
• Technical Achievements– Preliminary interface for the monitoring network and interfacing boards
– First integration steps of a EDFA with DGE Prototype in the moniroting netwotk
– Monitoring and compensation prototypes developed and characterized (power, Dispersion, etc)
– Regeneration devices developed and characterized.
– Modelling of WSS- based Cross connects
– Ultrafast characterization of nonlinear active devices
– Concept development of na enhanced Supervision system
– Gathering and development of impairment constrains based routing algorithms to be applied in na optical network.
• Next Steps– Implementation of the test network with dynamic monitoring and compensation capabilities and
characterization of its behaviour and potentials.
JP-T: Dynamic and distributed optical monitoring and equalization
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Mitigation of optical transmission impairments
by electronic means
Objectives and Technologies
Leader: Ioannis Tomkos, Athens Information Technology centre, AITContact: [email protected]
Partners: UCL,UPC, FT, HHI, poliTo, IT, GET, UoA, AIT
Advisory board: Pierluigi Poggiolini, Izzat Darwazeh, Josep Prat, Antonio Teixeira
Presentation by: Ioannis Papagiannakis, Dimitrios Klonidis (AIT)
Joint Project E (JP-E)
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JP-E – General objectives and tasks
Objectives• Design of electronic channel equalization schemes.• Design of electronic pre-/post-coding schemes.• Examination of the performance limitations and the benefits of different schemes at
different network segments. • Examination of the performance of available transceivers.
Tasks• The definition of suitable experimental set-ups to:
design optimum (simple, efficient) electronic channel equalization.
develop efficient coding schemes.
• Simulations to understand performance limitations and benefits of different schemes (equalizers, codes, … ) at different network segments (access, metro core).
• Study electronic pre-processing solutions that will help overcome impairments. • Examine the joint effect of using FEC and electronic channel equalization.• Evaluate the performance of available transceivers in laboratory test-beds. • Identify optimum designs by assessing the different systems in terms of
- performance, technical/manufacturing feasibility and - implementation costs.
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JP-E - Areas of interest and technology
Access
Metro
Core
Impairments in Multi-mode fibreElectronic dispersion compensation
Increase capacity
Techno economic studies
Special modulation formats Higher capacity – more users
Electronics at end nodes
Equalization
Coding (FEC)
Dispersion compensation(Chromatic and PMD)
Tolerance to noise
Longer reach
Techno economic studies
Higher capacity
Electronics at n/w nodes
Electronic mitigation of non-linearities
Coding schemes (FEC)
Combination
Pre-distortion
Enhance signal quality
Reduce the use of regenerators
Achieve tranmission over longer distances
Source pre-equalization
Transmission efficiency
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JP-E – Technologies
Examples of research activities and interests
• Adaptive equalization and MLSE receivers (to combat dispersion, PMD and non-linear effects), applied to formats like DPSK, DQPSK, duobinary).
• Dispersion compensation in homodyne systems.
• Duobinary signaling for frequency-modulated lasers.
• Impact of electronic equalization on engineering rules of 10 Gbit/s WDM transmission systems.
• Design of high speed circuits for signal equalization.
• Upgrade of submarine links.
• Higher order modulation formats.
• High-speed multimode LAN networks.
• Design of optical transmission systems using coherent detection and digital electronic distortion equalization.
• Mitigation of transmission impairments by electronic means in multimode and plastic optical fibers.
• Electronic Dispersion compensation in metropolitan area optical networks.
• Coding schemes (FEC) to strengthen signal quality against channel impairments.
• Pre- and post compensation schemes.
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Research Areas per Partner I
Politechnico di Torino (PoliTO) - Italy MLSE receivers – Algorithm, design optimizationCoherent systems + equalization. Optical PLL to increase receiver sensitivity
France Telecom (FT) - FranceWDM system equalization (CD, PMD)MLSE receiver FEC + equalization (comparative studies)
ENST - France
PMD equalization studies (1st and 2nd order PMD)Modulation Format (MOTS) to reduce SPM-induced chirp – Signal Pre-shaping
HHI - GermanyCoherent systems (optical 16QAM) + Equalization
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Institute of Telecommunications (IT) - PortugalModulation Formats (OSSB) dispersion tolerant – Signal pre-shaping
Athens Information Technology (AIT) - GreeceWDM system equalization (CD) – DFE/FFE optimizationDML – equalization
University Politechnico of Catalunya (UPC) - SpainCoherent systems – Homodyne receivers (for ultra-DWDM in PONs)DML – Frequency modulation + pre-/post-equalization
University of Athens (UoA) - GreeceMMF, plastic fibre equalization for Access, Home networks
Research Areas per Partner II
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JP-E Research Outcome
Collaborative work within JPE:1. MLSE equalization technique PoliTo, UCL, UPC
2. Investigation and realization of MLSEPoliTO, UPC, IT
3. On the performance increase of low cost receivers with the use of SQRT equalizer UPC, IT
4. On electronic dispersion compensation for multimode optical fibers UoA, PoliTO:
Individual work within JPE:5. Enhancing the performance of low cost DML transmitters AIT
6. Coherent detection/Higher order modulation formats
HHI
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1. MLSE – equalization technique1. MLSE – equalization technique• UCL, POLITO and UPC have been collaborating on Maximum Likelihood Sequence
Estimation (MLSE).
• Collaboration has been going on for over two years.
• Two mobilities were carried out.
• Three papers have been published:
• P. Poggiolini (PoliTO), G. Bosco (PoliTO), J. Prat (UPC), R. Killey (UCL), S. Savory (UCL) Branch Metrics for Effective Long-Haul MLSE IMDD Receivers ECOC 2006 – oral presentation paper We2.5.4, September 2006.
• P. Poggiolini (PoliTO), G. Bosco (PoliTO), J. Prat (UPC), R. Killey (UCL), S. Savory (UCL)1,040 km uncompensated IMDD transmission over G.652 fiber at 10 Gbit/s using a reduced- state SQRT-metric MLSE receiver ECOC 2006 – Post-Deadline paper Th4.4.6, September 2006.
• S. J. Savory (UCL), Y. Benlachtar (UCL), R. I. Killey (UCL), P. Bayvel (UCL), G. Bosco (PoliTO), P. Poggiolini (PoliTO), J. Prat (UPC), M. Omella Cancer (UPC) IMDD Tr ansmission over 1,040 km of Standard Single-Mode Fiber at 10Gbit/s Using a One-Sample-per-Bit Reduced-Complexity MLSE Receiver OFC 2007 – oral presentation paper, USA, California, March 2007, paper OThK2
UCL – POLITO – UPC
up to 500-700 km of SSMF should be possible in the near-to-medium term, at 10.7Gb/s, when 128-256 state-MLSE processors are made available.
For MLSE to be able to support 1000+ km SSMF uncompensated links, substantial progress in digital processing power as well as complexity
reduction algorithm are needed.
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2. Investigation and realization of MLSE2. Investigation and realization of MLSE
• UPC, POLITO and IT are specifically collaborating on a mixed theoretical/technological improvement on MLSE, involving fabrication of a special component
• UCL and POLITO are collaborating on further experiments involving MLSE RX over long-haul, at high launch power
• The two activities will probably merge in the second half of the year, by incorporating the component into an experiment
UPC – POLITO – IT
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3. SQRT equalizer3. SQRT equalizer• Effects:
– Chromatic dispersion is a linear effect, but produces harmonic distortions in the electrical domain because of the square-law characteristic of the photodiode, and becomes non-linear.
– These harmonic distortions limit the capacity and reach of digital and SCM, even with Electronic Equalization. Although the phase is lost, if we could detect optical field amplitude instead of optical power, we would take advantage of a more linear relationship between chromatic dispersion and the received signal, using a linear equalizer at the end of the optical network.
• The idea is: Use a Square Root module could compensate for the square-law characteristic of the photodiode.
– a non-linear equalization applied at the physical transport layer overcomes the transmission limitation in the electrical domain, providing an extremely more cost effective solution.
UPC – IT
SQRT eq. module chip layout developed by UPC. Next - Expand this to operation at 40Gb/s.
AMSQRT
IM
( )2
AM LINEARIZED DISTORTION
NON-LINEAR DISTORTION
2.IM IMI t E t h t
2 2exp ,H f j f DLc
RxLASER +I.MOD.
h
2IM
AM
e- he-
( ) ( ) cos ( )AM o tE t A t w t t
( ) ( ) cos ( )IM o tE t A t w t t )(1)( tsmAtA x
2 2
( ) 1 ( )*Re ( ) ( )*Im ( )AM x LPf x LPfI t A ms t h t ms t h t
IM-DD
digital data
analog: txcos( )xs t
( )A t
( )A t
AMSQRT
IM
( )2
AM LINEARIZED DISTORTION
NON-LINEAR DISTORTION
2.IM IMI t E t h t
2 2exp ,H f j f DLc
RxLASER +I.MOD.
h
2IM
AM
e- he-
( ) ( ) cos ( )AM o tE t A t w t t
( ) ( ) cos ( )IM o tE t A t w t t )(1)( tsmAtA x
2 2
( ) 1 ( )*Re ( ) ( )*Im ( )AM x LPf x LPfI t A ms t h t ms t h t
IM-DD
digital data
analog: txcos( )xs t
( )A t
( )A t
IM
( )2
AM LINEARIZED DISTORTION
NON-LINEAR DISTORTION
2.IM IMI t E t h t
2 2exp ,H f j f DLc
RxLASER +I.MOD.LASER +I.MOD.
h
2IM
AM
e- he-
( ) ( ) cos ( )AM o tE t A t w t t
( ) ( ) cos ( )IM o tE t A t w t t )(1)( tsmAtA x
2 2
( ) 1 ( )*Re ( ) ( )*Im ( )AM x LPf x LPfI t A ms t h t ms t h t
IM-DD
digital data
analog: txcos( )xs t
( )A t
( )A t
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4. Dispersion compensation in MMFs4. Dispersion compensation in MMFs
Theoretical and Numerical Work:• Modelling transmission in multimode fibers.• Equalization post-detection techniques,
FFE.• Development of adaptation algorithms.
The numerical results have shown fine performance of the equalizer when adaptation by means of LMS algorithm is adopted.
UoA - POLITO
Experimental Work• Different types of fiber are studied.• VCSELs operating up to 5Gbps (@ 850nm).• FPGAs programmed to host different types of
equalizers• The FPGA currently hosts 4 equalizers for comparative
tests• (2 4-tap FFEs, 2 8-tap FFEs).
• ASICs designs are examined to achieve higher data rates.
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5. 5. Enhancing the performance of low cost DMLs TxEnhancing the performance of low cost DMLs Tx
• Motivation reduce the cost of terminal equipment in metro/access networks
Decision Forward Equalizer 2.5Gb/s
Decision Forward Equalizer 10Gb/s
AIT
• Proposed Solution Apply electronic equalization at the receiver to overcome the transmission impairments and enhance the distance
extend the reach of low cost DML transmitters
Eye diagrams for DFE (5,1) at 2.5 Gb/s. Eye diagrams for DFE (5,1) at 10 Gb/s.
Back-to-back 1 dB penalty
W/O Equalizer
1 dB penalty With
equalizer
EML
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
DML- Adiabatic
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
DML- Transient
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Time (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
Back-to-back
1 dB penalty W/O equalizer
1 dB penalty With
equalizer
EML
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
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W)
-2 -1 0 1 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
DML- Adiabatic
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
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1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
DML- Transient
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
s)
-2 0 2
x 10-10
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
TIME (s)
PO
WE
R (
W)
Type
Transmission distance(Km) W/O equalizer (1 dB penalty)
Improvement (FFE)-
Km-(%)
Improvement (DFE)- Km-(%)
EML (10G)
60 100-(67%) 110-(83%)
EML (2.5G)
870 1320-(52%) 1350-(55%)
DML - 10G (Adiabatic)
40 80-(200%) 85-(212%)
DML - 10G (Transient)
16 28-(75%) 32-(100%)
DML– 2.5G (Transient)
80 120-(50%) 135-(68%)
DML– 2.5G (Adiabatic)
200 600-(300%) 600-(300%)
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6. 6. Coherent detection/Higher order modulation formatsCoherent detection/Higher order modulation formats HHI
CW 3 dB
MZM
MZM
3 dB
-90°
EI(t)
EQ(t)
Level Gene- rator
Modu-lator
Driver
Optical Modulator I(t)
Q(t)
24
MMI-coupler
LO
BD
BD
EDE &
Phase Esti-
mation
I*(t) Ikcor
Q*(t) Qkcor
IQ-transmitter for M-PSK and M-QAM generation
Schematic of an homodyne IQ-receiver
Dispersion tolerance in ps/nm for 2dB OSNR and 10.7 Gbaud
• For RZ-8-PSK and star RZ-16-QAM a T/2 spaced equalizer shows only slight performance improvement.• These formats require T/4 spaced equalizers • The T/4 spaced equalizer results also in a very large CD tolerance for RZ-QPSK
400080010001000700Star RZ-16-QAM
4500100010001000700RZ-8-PSK
>6000290023001500850RZ-QPSK
299155Taps
T/4T/4T/2T/2w/o EDCTap delay
400080010001000700Star RZ-16-QAM
4500100010001000700RZ-8-PSK
>6000290023001500850RZ-QPSK
299155Taps
T/4T/4T/2T/2w/o EDCTap delay
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Joint Project S (JP-S)
Electro/optic switching architectures
Leader: Alexandros Stavdas (University of Peloponnese)
Contact: [email protected]
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Objectives• Assess the merit of all-optical, optoelectronic and electronic
switching subsystems and technologies – identify the necessary synergy between the different technologies for an
overall cost-effective solution
• Assess control complexityof hybrid optoelectronicsolutions and opticalinterconnect solutions
Example: An opaque solution
Joint Project S (JP-S)Electro/optic switching architectures
N:11:N
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M
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1
M
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M
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1
M
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M
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Objectives• Study hybrid electro-optical switching architectures.
– Where appropriate, the corresponding multi-layer node could be comprised by “optically transparent” and “opaque” layers
• Conceive migration scenarios from purely electronic switching to optoelectronic to all-optical
Example: A transparent solution
Joint Project S (JP-S)Electro/optic switching architectures
N:11:N
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1
M
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1
M
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1
M
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1
M
Bit-Synchronisationand buffering cardBit-Synchronisationand buffering card
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Objectives• Identify passive low cost optical interconnect technologies and
architectures– Technologies and sub-systems for low cost
O-E conversion exploiting fixed-receivertunable-transmitter, fixed-transmittertunable-receiver schemes
– Identify low cost backplane interconnection technologies
Example: Partial O-E conversion
Joint Project S (JP-S)Electro/optic switching architectures
(N+1):11:(N+1)
Synchronisationand buffering card
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ctro
nic
tran
spar
ent
Slot
DX
C
(N+1):11:(N+1)
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
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ctro
nic
tran
spar
ent
Slot
DX
C
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Synchronisationand buffering card
Ele
ctro
nic
tran
spar
ent
Slot
DX
C
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WP-T
WP-T
Workpackage on
Teaching Activities
Leader: Branko Mikac, University of Zagreb
Contact: [email protected]
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Summer School 2006September 2006University of Zagreb, CroatiaOptical Grid and Optical Network Resilience
Summer School 2007July 2007ENST Bretagne, Brest, FranceAdvanced optical communications systems: from short range to long haul networks
WP-T Teaching Activities
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Common Master in
Optical Communications and Networks Curriculum and teaching materials
Courses:– Introduction to optical networks - Light propagation– Optical technologies and components– Optical core networks – Optical access and metro networks– Photonics in switching– Optical network resilience– Optical transmission – Spin-off applications of optical telecommunications
technology
WP-T Teaching Activities
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WP-L WP-L Joint and Virtual Laboratories Joint and Virtual Laboratories
Alwyn Seeds
UCL
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WP-L Joint Experiments
• Scope: Creation of links between the laboratories of the partners, enhancing research by sharing capabilities.
• WP-L Leader: A. J. Seeds (UCL)• Advisory Board:
Antonio Teixeira, University of Aveiro (Portugal)
Valter Ferrero, Polytechnic of Torino (Italy)
Francesco Matera, Fondazione Ugo Bordoni (Italy)
Kyriakos Vlachos, University of Patras (Greece)
Dieter Jaeger, University of Duisburg-Essen (Germany)
• 15 Partners involved in experiments:ACREO, AIT, DTU-COM, FT, ISCOM, IT, NTUA, ORC, PoliMi, RACTI,
TU/e, UCL, UDE, UPC, UPVLC
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WP-L Objectives
• Updating of catalogue/checklist of equipment and facilities- Completed
• Definition of rules for joint experiments and resource sharing between participating partners- Completed
• Definition of a joint experiments plan among the participating partners- Completed
• Carrying out a number of joint experiments- In progress• Reporting the results of those joint experiments- First
report delivered
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Scientific and Technical Impact
• The availability of experimental facilities from other partners enables participants to carry out experiments not otherwise possible for them
• We expect the training of many researchers to be enhanced by participation in joint experiments
• We expect large numbers of Joint Publications, including many in high impact journals and conferences, to result from the Joint Experiments
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WP-L Commitments
• N° joint experiments(>10 in two years) 12 have been funded
• N° joint papers(>10 in two years) Awaiting completion of experiments
• N° mobility actions(>10 in two years) > 12 anticipated
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WP-L Role and contribution of partners
• UCL Co-ordinates the Work-Package
• 15 Partners committed to WP-L so far
• 15 Partners participating in joint experiments
• Partners from 10 member Countries participate in WP-L joint experiments
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Existing lab structures definition• Objective
– Allow partners to become familiar with facilities available for use within the NoE
– To provide impetus for Joint Experiments, or other collaborative activities
• Methodology– Inputs requested from partners with a declared interest in WP-L.– Data collated– Set of Web pages, browsable by equipment type or by partner,
created and published
• Ongoing– Web pages updated as required by the involved partners to
form tool for use in Integrated Laboratories programme of e-Photon/ONe+
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WP-L Phase 1 Joint ExperimentsDesign and Development of a High-speed, Semiconductor Fibre Laser
RACTI: Eu 3,000, AIT: Eu 3,000
Incorporating a Performance Monitoring Technology in Wavelength Converted All-optical Networks at 40 Gb/s and above
UPVLC Eu 2,000, DTU-COM Eu 2,450
Application of bi-directional EDWA in Access Network
PoliMi: Eu 3,000, UPC: Eu 3,000
Investigation of Photonic Crystal Fibre Non-linearities and Optical Properties
IT: Eu 3,000, ISCOM: Eu 2,500, PoliMi: Eu 500
Ultra-fast Photodiode Evaluation
UDE: Eu 3,000, UCL: Eu 3,000
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WP-L Phase 2 Joint ExperimentsSQRT Circuit integration
IT: Eu 6000, UPC: Eu 2000
Ultrafast Characterisation of Semiconductor Optical AmplifiersUPVLC: Eu 1500, ORC: Eu 700
All-optical High Speed Wavelength Converter Based on XPM in HNLFDTU: Eu 1,500, UPVLC: Eu 5,600, TU/e: Eu 0
Analysis of the Robustness of Modulation Formats and Amplification Schemes and Impact on System Performance and Engineering
ACREO Eu 4,000, FT Eu 2,000
BER Perfomance Evaluation of OCG-OA for Burst TrafficPoliMi: 5,740, ISCOM: 1,120, IT: Eu 1,090
Multi-channel Wavelength Conversion using a Quadruple SOA-MZI ArrayNTUA: Eu 2.5k, RACTI: Eu 2k, UPVLC: Eu 0,5k
Development and Evaluation of an OADM enabled Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) System for the Transparent adding/dropping of Wavelengths at Specific Network Locations
AIT: Eu 2,000, RACTI: Eu 2,000, IT: Eu 1,300
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WP-L Joint and Virtual LaboratoriesWP-L Joint and Virtual Laboratories Application of bi-directional EDWA Application of bi-directional EDWA
in access networkin access network (PoliMi/UPC)(PoliMi/UPC)
OLT
ONU
Splitter ONU
ONU
SOA+RSOA
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
ONU
EDWA+RSOA
ONU
Jose Lazaro, Jose Lazaro, Karin Ennser,Karin Ennser,Victor Polo, Victor Polo,
Stefano Taccheo,Stefano Taccheo,Josep PratJosep Prat
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Motivation• Signal amplification and modulation in wavelength agnostic ONUs
• Current “common” solution• Main limitation: Gain versus Bandwidth trade-off
Rsoa CIP Frequency Response
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Frequency [MHz]
Po
we
r [d
B]
"+5 dBm""0 dBm""-5 dBm""-10 dBm""-15 dBm""-25 dBm"
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Motivation
Current “common” solution• Main limitation: Gain versus Bandwidth trade-off
Rsoa Power IN Rsoa Power OUT Optical Gain (dB) BW(-3dB) +5 dBm +5.8 dBm 0.8 1.3 GHz 0 dBm +5.8 dBm 5.8 1.2 GHz -5 dBm +5.2 dBm 10.2 1 GHz
-10 dBm +3.4 dBm 13.4 900 MHz -15 dBm 0 dBm 15 700 MHz -25 dBm -3.3 dBm 21.7 600 MHz
Measurement conditions: 20 ºC , 80 mA, 1550 nm
Not possible to have an operation work point combining: - Optical gain in the range from 15 to 20 dB &
- Electrical BW (-3dB) better than 1.5 GHz
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Some other solutions to be studied• Under Study by Alcatel-Thales III-V Labs:
• Under study in this project (potentially showing higher performance) :
ONU
SOA REAM
Up
stre
am
Do
wn
stre
am
Signal In/Out
ONU
EDWA REAM
Up
stre
am
Do
wn
stre
am
Signal In/Out
FBG(99.9%R)
FBG(85%R)
90/10 Splitter
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Available samples• REAM:
• RSOA+EAM
• Provided by Alcatel-Thales III-V Labs (under NDA)
• Alignment and pigtailing in process
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• EDWA schematic diagram (pump diode integreated)
• Gain (single-stage) (-20 dBm input)
Erbium Doped Waveguide Amplifiers
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570
wavelength [nm]
Ga
in [
dB
]
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35N
ois
e F
igu
re [
dB
]•12-15 dB Gain for 0 dBm input
•Bi-directional operation with no penalty
•Gain stabilisation can be provided by simple optical feedback
• Custom sample can be optimised for the experiment.
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GPON and EPON standards and requirements
• More than 30dB gain required
• Stabilization in Burst-Mode for Upstream
OLT
ONT
ONT
ONT
A A A B C B
Downstream
Time A A A B C B A A A
B B
C
Class Min Max A 5 20 B 10 25 C 15 30
Link Attenuation (dB)
Class Min Max A -3 2 B -2 3 C 2 7
ONT-TX avg. power (dBm)
Class Sensitivity A -24 B -28 C -29
ONT-RX Min receiver power (dBm)
A A A B C B
A A A B C B
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WP-L Joint Experiments
“Ultrafast characterisation of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers.”
• Objectives: 1. Demonstrate the applicability of the L-FROG technique for the
characterisation of the dynamic response of fast optical devices.
2. Characterisation measurements of an MZI-SOA when this is operated in either XGM or XPM regime.
• Partners: UPVLC and ORC
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Experimental results (1)
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (ps)
Intensity a.u.
-13 dBm-12 dBm-10 dBm-7dBm
Slow GainCompression
Total Gain Compression
Figure 1.- Measured probe transmission pulses for different pump peak powers. The duration of the pump pulses is 7ps
•Study of the XGM response in an SOA
•After compression induced by the pump, the gain shows a fast recovery, resulting from intraband effects.
•After the fast gain recovery, the gain is recovering toward the unsaturated value as a result of electrical pumping.
•Increasing in ER of 9 dB by increasing the signal power between -7 and -12 dBm, this effect is due to the gain saturation.
•Rise time is longer than the fall time, the negative chirp (-65 GHz) is larger than the positive (13 GHz).
•The phase changes that occur simultaneously with the gain compression and recovery time are the result of nonlinear refractive index variations in the amplifier.
-13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -76
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Signal Average Power (dBm)
CH
IRP
(G
Hz)
-13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
Signal Average Input Power (dBm)
CH
IRP
(G
Hz)
-13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -735
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Signal Average Input Power (dBm)C
HIR
P (
GH
z)
Figure 2.- (a)Blue Shift measured in XGM (b) Red Shift measured in XGM ( c)Peak to Peak Chirp
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Experimental results (2)Study of XPM response in an SOA
Polarizing the MZI OOP (Out of Phase) converted signal will be inverted
Input signal (at 1550nm) depletes carrier density - modulates refractive index - thereby results in phase modulation of CW signal (1540 nm) coupled into the converter
As in the XGM case, the converted pulse is first negatively chirped due to the changes in the refractive index caused by the leading edge of the pump pulse and then positively chirped due to the recovery time
Higher ER is measured relative to XGM case
Chirp excursion is lower than in XGM – which fits with theory
So the red shift (-34 GHz) is lower than in XGM
If we assume that the MZI is perfectly balanced, and we neglect the chirp produced by the SOA1 in XPM, the chirp excursion in XGM is two times the chirp in XPM
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 1000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (ps)
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
0 dBm-5 dBm-10 dBm
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 02
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CH
IRP
(GH
z)
Signal Average Input Power (dBm)-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
CH
IRP
(G
Hz)
Signal Average Input Power (dBm)
Figure 3.- Converted pulses measured from 1550 to 1540nm after SOA-MZI with XPM setup for 7ps pulses.
Figure 4.- (a)Blue Shift measured in XPM (b) Red Shift measured in XPM
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All-optical high-speed wavelength converter based on XPM in HNLF - Introduction
• Objective: Characterisation and performance evaluation of the wavelength converter scheme using XPM in HNLF and detuned filters.
– Main performance degradation effects under investigation:• Cross-talk (with suppressed CW and/or generated FWM-product)• Walk-off (separation between data- and CW-wavelength)• Varied parameters: Filter-detuning, data-signal power, CW power, and CW-wavelength
• Partners:– COM Research Center, Denmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU)– Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPVLC)– COBRA Research Institute, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TU/e)
Joint experiment carried out at DTU lab-facilities incorporating one mobility activity
of a PhD student from UPVLC (guest) DTU (host) in February 2007– NTUA kindly provided the 2 nm Tecos filter-cassettes used in this experiment.
Activity has been carried out within the frame of VD-S on Optical switching systems
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All-optical high-speed wavelength converter based on XPM in HNLF – Setup and Experimental results I
Tx80/160Gb/s
EYE(EO, Q)
3 dB
DeMUX(10 Gb/s)
λ = 1557 nm
λ = 1542, 1547, 1550 nm10, 14, 18 dBm
detuned filters
2 4 6 8 10 12 143,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
9,5
10,0 Detuning: 2 nm Tecos filters (CW: 1547 nm, 14 dBm)
Q (
dB
)
- 1.0 nm - 1.5 nm - 2.0 nm - 2.5 nm - 3.0 nm - 3.5 nm - 4.0 nm
Data power (dBm)2 4 6 8 10 12 14
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0Detuning: 1 nm DiCon-filters (CW: 1547 nm, 14 dBm)
Q (
dB
)
- 0,8 nm - 1.0 nm - 1.5 nm - 2.0 nm - 2.5 nm - 3.0 nm - 3.5 nm - 4.0 nm
Data power (dBm)
Different filter bandwidths used: 1, 2, 3, and 5 nm (FWHM) where for different filter detunings the data signal power was varied
1 nm (DiCon)
2 nm (Tecos)
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All-optical high-speed wavelength converter based on XPM in HNLF – Experimental results II
3 nm (Santec) 5 nm (Tecos)
4 6 8 10 12 14
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
Detuning: 3 nm Santec filters (CW: 1547 nm, 14 dBm)
Data power (dBm)
- 1.0 nm - 1.5 nm - 2.0 nm - 2.5 nm - 3.0 nm - 3.5 nm - 4.0 nm
Q (
dB
)
2 4 6 8 10 12 143,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
Detuning: 5 nm Tecos filters (CW: 1547 nm, 14 dBm)
Q (
dB
)
Data power (dBm)
- 1.5 nm - 2.0 nm - 2.5 nm - 3.0 nm - 3.5 nm - 4.0 nm - 4.5 nm - 5.0 nm
14 15 16 17 18 19 20-20-15-10-50510
Bac
k-re
fl.(d
Bm
)
CW-power (dBm)
Brillouin Scattering
4 6 8 10 12 14
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
9,5
Detuning: - 2.0 nm (2 nm Tecos filters) for different CW-power/-WLs
Q (
dB
)
Data power (dBm)
14 dBm, 1542 nm 14 dBm, 1547 nm 14 dBm, 1550 nm 10 dBm, 1547 nm 18 dBm, 1547 nm
For narrow filters limitations at high bit rates (160 Gb/s) due to pulse width (ISI)
Performance for very high CW powers limited by Brillouin scattering
Spectral broadening and cross-talk with FWM-product may affect at data powers above 13 dBm
Eye (opening, Q) suggest error free operation
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IT – ISCOM - PoliMi Joint Mission
• Joint ExperimentsAveiro 11-17 June 2006Portugal
• Involved Institutions– Antonio Teixeira (IT-Aveiro)
– Giorgio Maria Tosi Beleffi (ISCOM-Italy)
– Stefano Taccheo (Politecnico di Milano-Italy)
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Topics
• Investigate the properties (FWM efficiency) and the characteristics (attenuation and crhomatic dispersion) of an available Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) sample (2 m long) not connectorized.
• The skill of the involved partners:– Istituto De Telecomunicacoes:
• Antonio Teixeira is an expert in the field of optical communications and systems. Furthermore at IT lab is now available a High Resolution OSA and a complete system for fiber characterization (dispersion, attenuation and so on).
– ISCOM:• Giorgio Maria Tosi Beleffi is an expert in the field of fiber non linearities and
reshaping properties based on self phase modulation and FWM in optical fibres and semiconductors
– Politecnico di Milano:• Stefano Taccheo is an expert in the field of lasers, physics, amplification by
means of DWA and on Supercontinuum. His group share the PCS fibres
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The Optical Medium
• The improvements in the manufacturing of the Photonic Crystal (lower losses and higher non linear coefficient) is increasing the interests of the scientific community in the PCF application world
• The PCF under test has been shared by Prof. Stefano Taccheo from Politecnico di Milano (Italy)
Available Data on the PCF under TEST
Core [µm] 5,1 d hole [µm] 1,6 bridge width [µm] 1,3d/ 0,55 hole package [µm] 28,327,5 Fiber [µm] 202,8
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Set-Up
Polarization Controllers
DFBLaser Sources
3 dBCoupler
500 mWEDFA
Photonic Crystal FibreUnder Test
High ResolutionOSA
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Results 1
Results related to the Chromatic Dispersion of the fibre
The Zero Disperion Wav of this fibre seems to be present down to 1480 nm
In order to validate this graph we tested the fibre in terms of FWM efficiency
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Results 2Tryed two configurations
- first with beating signals close to 1535 nm (A) - second with the signals close to 1545 nm (B)
A) B)
In the A case is possible to appreciate the presence of the two seed (left and side) while in the B case where the dispersion is higher is possible to see only the seed on the rigth side
The total amount of Dispersion has been evaluated in terms of : 160 ps/nmkmin the explored wavelength region
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WP-L Milestones
M.L.1 [T0+1] Determination of task force and chairman- Complete
M.L.2 [T0+2] Publication of procedures and forms for proposals of joint experiments, and for collection of feedback from joint experiments- Complete
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WP-L DeliverablesD.L.1 [T0+4] Web pages describing resources available for
joint experiments, and providing an area for the publication of joint experiment proposals and feedback- Complete
D.L.2 [T0+6] Plan for joint experiments- Complete
D.L.3 [T0+12] First report on Integrated Laboratories activities- Complete
D.L.4 [T0+13] Updated plan for joint experiments- Complete
D.L.5 [T0+24] Second report on Integrated Laboratories activities.
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WP-D Dissemination WP-D Dissemination
Leaders : C Politi [UoPeloponnese]M J O Mahony [UESSEX]
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Main Activities
• Publications and conferences
• 97 Joint publications +147 single partner presentations +3
invited presentation at ECOC OFC etc
• Sponsored and co-organised workshops
• On-line dissemination
• www. e-photon-one.org
• Newsletter
• External relations and interactions with industry and
collaborative projects
• EU and National Projects
• Roadmap
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e-Photon/ONe+ Events
OFC 2006 [March 2006] :Workshop on Future Optical Networks
Main Organisers: Essex/UoPelop
Terena Workshop [May 2006]
Main Organisers: Essex
ECOC Booth [September 2006]
Main Organisers: Essex/UoPelop
E-photon/ONe+ Kick Off (March 2006)
E-photon/ONe+ Plenary Meeting (February 2007)
2 Summer Schools
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e-Photon/ONe+ Events
OFC Workshop [March 2007]Main Organisers: Essex/UoPelop
ONDM Workshop [May 2007]Main Organisers: Essex
ECOC Workshop [June 2007]Main Organisers: AIT/Essex
OECC Workshop [July 2007]Main Organisers: Essex/UoPelop/Polito
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ServicesControl
Services & Network Mgt
ServicesControl
ServicesControl
Multiple service networks
Convergence layer
Multiple transport networks
Voice Data MobileE-
commVPN
PONHybridfibre
NG-SDH
ASON ---
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CCE OTN
NetworksControl
Roadmap Activities